Abstract: A catalyst for selective oxidation of hydrocarbons relative to carbon monoxide includes a mixed oxide based on the compound Ce0.1-0.5Ti0.2-0.8Cr0.1-0.5Ox, wherein x is (the total of the valences of the metals)/2. Preferably, the mixed oxide is fixed as a coating on a molded body or less than 0.5 wt. % precious metal is doped to the mixed oxide. Oxidizable exhaust-gas components are oxidized for exhaust-gas purification by a mixed oxide based on the compound Ce0.1-0.5Ti0.2-0.8Cr0.1-0.5Ox as the catalyst. Preferably, hydrocarbons are preferentially oxidized relative to carbon monoxides or nitrogen oxides. For producing an oxidation catalyst for internal combustion engines, a mixed oxide made of cerium oxide, titanium oxide, chromium oxide, and optionally other metal oxides is fixed to a metallic or oxide or carbide, high temperature-stable molded body or an oxide ceramic, wherein the oxide ceramic is fixed to a molded body.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor for preparing a catalyst suitable for use in a sour water-gas shift process is described, including; 5 to 30% by weight of a catalytically active metal oxide selected from tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide; 1 to 10% by weight of a promoter metal oxide selected from cobalt oxide and nickel oxide; and 1 to 15% by weight of an oxide of an alkali metal selected from sodium, potassium and caesium; supported on a titania catalyst support.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst article for treating an emission gas comprising (a) a noble metal catalyst layer comprising one or more noble metals disposed on a first refractory metal oxide support; and (b) a vanadium catalyst layer comprising vanadium pre-fixed on a second refractory metal oxide support selected from alumina, titania, zirconia, ceria, silica, and mixtures of these, wherein the first catalyst layer is in physical contact with said second catalyst layer. Also provided is a method for making such a catalyst article, a method for treating gas emissions using such an article, and an emission gas treatment system incorporating such an article.

Abstract: A composition that comprises a titanium compound, an iron compound, and a tungsten compound, wherein the titanium compound has a microcrystalline anatase structure and/or is obtained in the production of TiO2 according to the sulphate process, during hydrolysis of a solution which contains titanyl sulphate, and also in that the composition has a vanadium content, calculated as V, of less than 0.15 wt. % in relation to the solids content of the composition.

Abstract: A gas purification method is disclosed for a coal gasifier plant, with which energy loss accompanying recovery of CO2 can be suppressed and soundness of a CO shift catalyst can be maintained in the plant. The method includes a scrubbing step for a product gas produced by gasification of a carbon-containing solid fuel and containing at least CO and H2S to remove water-soluble substances contained in the product gas; a CO shift step to react CO in the product gas after scrubbing with steam using a shift catalyst and converting the gas into CO2 and H2; and a CO2/H2S recovery to remove CO2 and H2S from the product gas after the CO shift step, wherein the CO shift step is constituted by a multistage shift reactor which includes multiple stages of shift reactors, and shift reactors upstream and downstream have high- and low-temperature shift catalysts, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocatalytic material having a visible light activity which includes a tungsten-doped titanium oxide or a tungsten/gallium-codoped titanium oxide, and a divalent copper salt and/or a trivalent iron salt supported on a surface of the doped or codoped titanium oxide, and a process for producing the photocatalytic material.

Abstract: Catalytic articles, systems and methods for treating exhaust gas streams are described. A catalytic article comprising a wall flow filter having gas permeable walls, a hydrolysis catalyst, an optional soot oxidation catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst permeating the walls, an ammonia oxidation catalyst and an oxidation catalyst to oxidize CO and hydrocarbons is described. Methods of treating exhaust gas streams comprising soot, an ammonia precursor such as urea, ammonia, NOx, CO and hydrocarbons are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and catalyst for the direct and selective conversion of ethane to ethylene. The process provides a direct single step vapor phase selective dehydrogenation/oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene over Mo supported nanocrystalline TiO2. The process provides ethane conversion of 65-96% and selectivity of ethylene up to 100%. The process may be conducted in the presence or absence of oxygen.

Abstract: This invention relates to the cleaning of flue gas released from various combustion processes, particularly a surface deposition NH3—SCR honeycomb catalyst and its preparation method. The catalyst is composed of framework material, TiO2, V2O5 and WO3, wherein the framework material is composed of clay, coal ash, mineral waste residue or their mixture. The mass fractions for framework material, TiO2, V2O5, and WO3 are 60 wt. % to 80 wt. %, 13 wt. % to 33 wt. %, 1 wt. % to 5 wt. %, and 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. %, respectively.

Abstract: In a process for forming a bulk hydroprocessing catalyst by sulfiding a catalyst precursor made in a co-precipitation reaction, up to 60% of the metal precursor feeds end up in the supernatant. The metals can be recovered via any of chemical precipitation, ion exchange, electro-coagulation, and combinations thereof to generate an effluent stream containing less than 50 mole % of metal ions in at least one of the metal residuals, and for at least one of the metal residuals recovered as a metal precursor feed for use in the co-precipitation reaction. In one embodiment, the resin functions as an anion exchange resin with an acidic supernatant to recover Group VIB metal residuals, and a cation exchange resin with a basic supernatant to recover Promoter metal residuals. An effluent stream from the process to waste treatment contains less than 50 ppm metals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a deNOx catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides (NOx) included in exhaust gas and the like. One embodiment of the present invention discloses a V2O5(vanadium pentoxide)-TiO2(titanium dioxide)-based deNOx catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides through selective catalytic reduction by dry-ball-milling crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder and crystalline vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) powder.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing a carbon nanofiber is obtained by dissolving or dispersing [I] a compound containing Fe element; [II] a compound containing Co element; [III] a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, and Mn; and [IV] a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of W and Mo in a solvent to obtain a solution or the fluid dispersion, and then impregnating a particulate carrier with the solution or the fluid dispersion. A carbon nanofiber is obtained by bringing a carbon element-containing compound into contact with the catalyst in a vapor phase at a temperature of 300 degrees C. to 500 degrees C.

Abstract: Catalytic compositions and processes are disclosed for economical conversions of lower alkane hydrocarbons. Broadly, the present invention discloses solid compositions containing mixed metal oxides that exhibit catalytic activity for ammoxidation of lower alkane hydrocarbons to produce an unsaturated nitrile in high yield. Generally, these solid oxide compositions comprise, as component elements, molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) niobium (Nb) and at least one active element selected from the group consisting of the elements having the ability to form positive ions. Mixed metal oxide catalytic compositions advantageously comprise one or more crystalline phases at least one of which phases has pre-determined unit cell volume and aspect ratio. Also described are methods for forming the improved catalysts having the desired crystalline structure and ammoxidation processes for conversion of lower alkanes.

Abstract: The sequential production of a library of N different solids, in particular heterogeneous catalysts, where N within a day is an integer of at least 2, is performed by a) producing at least two different sprayable solutions, emulsions and/or dispersions of elements and/or element compounds of the chemical elements present in the catalyst and optionally of dispersions of inorganic support materials, b) continuously metering the at least two different solutions, emulsions and/or dispersions in a predefined ratio into a mixing apparatus in which the solutions, emulsions and/or dispersions are homogeneously mixed, c) continuously drying the mixture removed from the mixing apparatus and recovering the dried mixture, d) changing the ratios in step b) and repeating steps b), c) and d) (N?1) times until N different dried mixtures are obtained, e) optionally shaping and optionally calcining the mixtures to give the solids.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vanadium/titania-based catalyst including natural manganese ore for removing nitrogen oxides and dioxin in a wide operating temperature range and a method of using the same. Specifically, this invention pertains to a vanadium/titania (V/TiO2)-based catalyst, including natural manganese ore, and a method for removing nitrogen oxides and dioxin over a wide operating temperature range, in which the WTiO2 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides and removal of dioxin contained in flue gas includes 5-30 wt % of natural manganese ore.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for the synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotube having high apparent density in a manner of high yield. More particularly, this invention relates to a multi-component metal catalyst composition comprising i) main catalyst of Fe and Mo, ii) inactive support of Al and iii) optional co-catalyst at least one selected from Co, Ni, Ti, Mn, W, Sn or Cu. Further, the present invention affords multi-walled carbon nanotube having 5˜15 nm of fibrous diameter and 0.5˜4 ?m bundle diameter.

Abstract: Methods of forming noble metal catalysts, noble metal catalysts formed therefrom and process for using noble metal catalysts are described herein. The methods generally include contacting a support material with a pre-treatment agent including a dilute basic solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal to form a contacted support; drying the contacted support to form a pre-treated support; and impregnating the pre-treated support with at least one noble metal to form the noble metal catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking, a method of preparing the same, and a method of preparing olefin by the hydrocarbon steam cracking by using the catalyst, and more specifically, to a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking for preparing light olefin including an oxide catalyst (0.5?j?120, 1?k?50, A is transition metal, and x is a number corresponding to the atomic values of Cr, Zr, and A and values of j and k) represented by CrZrjAkOx, wherein the composite catalyst is a type that has an outer radius r2 of 0.5R to 0.96R (where R is a radius of a cracking reaction tube), a thickness (t; r2?r1) of 2 to 6 mm, and a length h of 0.5r2 to 10r2, a method of preparing the same, and a method of preparing light olefins such as ethylene, propylene, etc., by performing the hydrocarbon steam cracking reaction in the presence of the composite catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking, a method of preparing the same, and a method of preparing olefin by the hydrocarbon steam cracking by using the catalyst, and more specifically, to a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking for preparing light olefin including an oxide catalyst (0.5?j?120, 1?k?50, A is transition metal, and x is a number corresponding to the atomic values of Cr, Zr, and A and values of j and k) represented by CrZrjAkOx, wherein the composite catalyst is a type that has an outer radius r2 of 0.5R to 0.96R (where R is a radius of a cracking reaction tube), a thickness (t; r2?r1) of 2 to 6 mm, and a length h of 0.5r2 to 10r2, a method of preparing the same, and a method of preparing light olefins such as ethylene, propylene, etc., by performing the hydrocarbon steam cracking reaction in the presence of the composite catalyst.

Abstract: A bulk metal oxide catalyst composition of the general formula (X)b(M)c(Z)d(O)e??(I) wherein X represents at least one non-noble Group VIII metal; M represents at least one non-noble Group VIb metal; Z represents one or more elements selected from aluminum, silicon, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, boron, and zinc; one of b and c is the integer 1; and d and e and the other of b and c each are a number greater than 0 such that the molar ratio of b:c is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5:1, the molar ratio of d:c is in the range of from 0.2:1 to 50:1, and the molar ratio of e:c is in the range of from 3.7:1 to 108:1; is prepared by controlled (co)precipitation of component metal compounds, refractory oxide material, and alkali compound in protic liquid. Resulting compositions find use in hydrotreatment processes involving particularly hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrification.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides which is capable of keeping sufficient denitrification performance, i.e., a high removal rate of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas having a high NO2 content especially under conditions where the ratio of NO2/NO in exhaust gas is 1 or higher, a catalyst molded product therefor, and an exhaust gas treating method. The catalyst is designed for removing nitrogen oxides, which is used to denitrify exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides having a high NO2 content, which comprises: at least one kind of oxide selected from the group consisting of copper oxides, chromium oxides, and iron oxides as a component for reducing NO2 to NO; and which further comprises: at least one kind of titanium oxide; at least one kind of tungsten oxide; and at least one kind of vanadium oxide as components for reducing NO to N2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a tungsten oxide photocatalyst having titanium oxide and copper ion supported thereon, comprising dissolving urea in a solution in which copper-ion supporting tungsten oxide particles are uniformly dispersed in a titanium oxide sol, thermally decomposing the urea to thereby allow the titanium oxide to precipitate on the surface of copper ion-supporting tungsten oxide and to be supported thereon; and a tungsten oxide photocatalyst modified by both titanium oxide and copper ion obtained by the method, wherein the rate of change of diffuse reflectivity (at wavelength of 700 nm) is less than 3% before and after the irradiation of ultraviolet and the titanium oxide is supported on the tungsten oxide in an island shape of 1 to 100 nm in size. The tungsten oxide photocatalyst having titanium oxide and copper ion supported thereon of the present invention exhibits high catalyst activity under visible light irradiation.

Abstract: [Problem] Catalyst for use in selective reduction of propionaldehyde in acrolein and/or acrylic acid and/or acrylonitrile containing propionaldehyde and/or propionic acid and/or propionitrile at low concentration. In particular, a novel catalyst for selectively reducing propionaldehyde from acrolein containing the propionaldehyde. [Solution] Catalyst for use in selective reduction of propionaldehyde in acrolein containing the propionaldehyde, characterized in that the catalyst contains Mo as an indispensable component, and at least one element selected from a group comprising P, Si, W, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Ag, As, Ge, B, Bi, La, Ba, Sb, Te, Ce, Pb, Mg, K, Rb, Cs and Al.

Abstract: A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex including: a mesoporous metal oxide; and a catalyst metal supported on the mesoporous metal oxide, wherein the catalyst on the mesoporous metal oxide has a degree of dispersion of about 30 to about 90 percent.

Abstract: Provided is a preparation method of a denitration catalyst for treating nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas discharged from gas turbines for generating plants, coil fired boilers, etc., in which the catalytic activity can be improved, and furthermore, an increase of the cost of producing the catalyst is not involved. The preparation method of a denitration catalyst used when reacting nitrogen oxides with reducing agent ammonia to decompose the nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and water, and including titanium oxide and vanadium as catalytic active ingredients thereof, is characterized in that the vanadium precursor is ammonium metavanadate powder, the ammonium metavanadate powder containing particles having a particle diameter of 10 ?m or less in a cumulative ratio of 20% or more. The ammonium metavanadate powder is preferably a reclaimed product including vanadium recovered from petroleum-based combustion ash such as heavy oil ash.

Abstract: A catalyst especially for oxidation of exhaust gas constituents, for example nitrogen oxide, preferably nitrogen monoxide, consists of a particulate support material composed of titanium-containing nanoparticles, preferably titanium oxide nanoparticles, especially titanium dioxide nanoparticles coated with platinum, especially platinum particles. A process for producing such a catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are a bifunctional catalyst for simultaneously removing nitrogen oxide and particulate matters, capable of decomposing nitrogen monoxide and generating nitrogen dioxide through oxidation of nitrogen monoxide, a composite catalyst including the catalyst for simultaneously removing nitrogen oxide and particulate matters used for an apparatus to decrease exhaust gas of diesel vehicles, and a method for preparation thereof. The catalyst and the composite catalyst can be used in a device for reducing exhaust gas contaminants mounted on a diesel vehicle and an exhaust gas purification system comprising the device.

Abstract: A catalyst of one or more complex oxides having a nominal composition as set out in formula (1): AxB1-y-zMyPzOn (1) wherein A is selected from one or more group III elements including the lanthanide elements or one or more divalent or monovalent cations; B is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 22 to 24, 40 to 42 and 72 to 75; M is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 25 to 30; P is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 44 to 50 and 76 to 83; x is defined as a number where 0<x?1; y is defined as a number where 0?y<0.5; and z is defined as a number where 0<z<0.2.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in the production of an unsaturated aldehyde and/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, the catalyst comparing (or, preferably, being composed of) a mixed oxide containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron, which has improved methanical strength, is produced by a method including the steps of (1) drying an aqueous solution or an aqueous slurry containing raw materials of the catalyst and then firstly calcining a dried product in a molecular oxygen-containing gas atmosphere to obtain a calcined product; (2) heating the calcined product obtained in Step (1) in the presence of a reducing material to obtain a reduced product having a mass loss of 0.05 to 6%; and (3) secondly calcining the reduced product obtained in Step (2) in a molecular oxygen-containing gas atmosphere.

Abstract: TiO2-supported catalysts include at least molybdenum or tungsten as active components for hydrotreating processes, in particular for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds as well as metals out of crude oil fractions and for the hydrogenation of sulfur oxides.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking for the production of light olefin, a preparation method of the catalyst and a preparation method of olefin by using the same. More precisely, the present invention relates to a composite catalyst prepared by mixing the oxide catalyst powder represented by CrZrjAkOx (0.5?j?120, 0?k?50, A is a transition metal, x is the number satisfying the condition according to valences of Cr, Zr and A, and values of j and k) and carrier powder and sintering thereof, a composite catalyst wherein the oxide catalyst is impregnated on a carrier, and a method of preparing light olefin such as ethylene and propylene by hydrocarbon steam cracking in the presence of the composite catalyst. The composite catalyst of the present invention has excellent thermal/mechanical stability in the cracking process, and has less inactivation rate by coke and significantly increases light olefin yield.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst for producing unsaturated carboxylic acid, which excels in mechanical strength and attrition loss and is capable of producing the object product at a high yield. This catalyst is formed of a catalytically active component comprising molybdenum and vanadium as the essential ingredients and inorganic fibers, which are supported on an inert carrier, said catalyst being characterized in that said inorganic fibers comprise at least an inorganic fiber having an average diameter less than 1.0 ?m and another inorganic fiber having an average diameter ranging from 1.5 to 7 ?m.

Abstract: A composition includes titanium dioxide-containing digestion residue from titanium dioxide production, and at least one further component which is catalytically active. Dimensionally stable, catalytically active solids which are obtained from this composition can be used as catalyst, for example for minimizing nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst base material and a catalyst which have high strength, high porosity or high activity and methods of producing the catalyst base material and catalyst. The present invention relates to a method of producing a catalyst base material, the method comprising dispersing or dissolving a hydrophilic polymer coagulant as a first component, a water-soluble thickener as a second component, a colloidal inorganic binder as a third component and an inorganic fiber as a fourth component in water to form a catalytic slurry or paste, supporting the catalytic slurry or paste on a net-like substrate such that the meshes of the net-like substrate are filled up with the slurry or paste, by drying and/or calcinating the substrate.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst and process using the catalyst for converting a mixture comprising acetic acid and ethyl acetate to ethanol at a first temperature, and the catalyst desorbs ethyl acetate, in the absence of hydrogen, at a second temperature that is greater than the first temperature. The catalyst has a suitable chemisorption of ethyl acetate at the first temperature in the absence of hydrogen. In one embodiment, the first temperature ranges from 125° C. to 350° C. and the second temperature ranges from 300° C. to 600° C. The catalyst comprises one or more active metals or oxide thereof on a support that comprises tungsten or an oxide thereof. The one or more active metals are selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, gold, iron, nickel, palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium, tin, zinc, lanthanum, cerium, manganese, chromium, vanadium, and molybdenum.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst for producing acrylic acid at high yield for a long time, in a method for producing acrylic acid by catalytic gas phase oxidation of propane and/or acrolein in the presence of molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas. This catalyst comprises a complex oxide containing molybdenum, vanadium and X component (here the X component is at least one element selected from antimony, niobium and tin) as the essential components, and is characterized in that its main peak as measured by X-ray diffractiometry using K? ray of Cu, d=4.00±0.1 angstrom, and in that the particle size of the X component in the catalyst does not exceed 20 ?m.

Abstract: A process is described for producing a powder batch comprises a plurality of particles, wherein the particles include (a) a first catalytically active component comprising at least one transition metal or a compound thereof; (b) a second component different from said first component and capable of removing oxygen from, or releasing oxygen to, an exhaust gas stream; and (c) a third component different from said first and second components and comprising a refractory support. The process comprises providing a precursor medium comprising a liquid vehicle and a precursor to al least one of said components (a) to (c) and heating droplets of said precursor medium carried in a gas stream to remove at least part of the liquid vehicle and chemically convert said precursor to said at least one component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the activation of a supported chromium oxide based catalyst.

Abstract: A nanocomposite particle, its use as a catalyst, and a method of making it are disclosed. The nanocomposite particle comprises titanium dioxide nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and a surface stabilizer. The metal oxide nanoparticles are formed hydrothermally in the presence of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite particle is an effective catalyst support, particularly for DeNOx catalyst applications.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing acrolein from glycerol or glycerine, wherein dehydration of the glycerol or glycerine is achieved in the presence of a catalyst based on zirconium oxide and which active phase consists in at least a) a silicon oxide, a zirconium oxide and at least one metal M oxide, said metal being selected from tungsten, cerium, manganese, niobium, tantalum, vanadium and titanium, b) a titanium oxide, a zirconium oxide and at least one metal M oxide, said metal being selected from tungsten, cerium, manganese, niobium, tantalum, vanadium and silicon. This method can be used for making 3-(methylthio)propionic aldehyde MMP, 2-hydroxy-4-,methylthiobutyronitrile HMTBN, methionine and its analogs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking for the production of light olefin, a preparation method of the catalyst and a preparation method of olefin by using the same. More precisely, the present invention relates to a composite catalyst prepared by mixing the oxide catalyst powder represented by CrZrjAkOx (0.5?j?120, 0?k?50, A is a transition metal, x is the number satisfying the condition according to valences of Cr, Zr and A, and values of j and k) and carrier powder and sintering thereof, a composite catalyst wherein the oxide catalyst is impregnated on a carrier, and a method of preparing light olefin such as ethylene and propylene by hydrocarbon steam cracking in the presence of the composite catalyst. The composite catalyst of the present invention has excellent thermal/mechanical stability in the cracking process, and has less inactivation rate by coke and significantly increases light olefin yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts, to processes for making catalysts and to chemical processes employing such catalysts. The catalysts are preferably used for converting acetic acid and ethyl acetate to ethanol. The catalyst comprises an extruded modified support, and a precious metal. The processes for making the catalysts comprises modifying the catalyst, extruding the catalyst, and impregnating the precious metal onto the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts, to processes for making catalysts and to chemical processes employing such catalysts. The catalysts are preferably used for converting acetic acid and ethyl acetate to ethanol. The catalyst comprises a precious metal, tin and cobalt, wherein molar ratio of cobalt to tin is at least 11:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking, a method of preparing the same, and a method of preparing olefin by the hydrocarbon steam cracking by using the catalyst, and more specifically, to a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking for preparing light olefin including an oxide catalyst (0.5?j?120, 1?k?50, A is transition metal, and x is a number corresponding to the atomic values of Cr, Zr, and A and values of j and k) represented by CrZrjAkOx, wherein the composite catalyst is a type that has an outer radius r2 of 0.5R to 0.96R (where R is a radius of a cracking reaction tube), a thickness (t; r2?r1) of 2 to 6 mm, and a length h of 0.5r2 to 10r2, a method of preparing the same, and a method of preparing light olefins by using the same.

Abstract: The invention is a heteropoly acid compound catalyst composition, a method of making the catalyst composition and a process for the oxidation of saturated and/or unsaturated aldehydes to unsaturated carboxylic acids using the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition is a heteropoly acid compound containing molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, cesium, bismuth, copper and antimony. Thermal stability is achieved with higher cesium content (up to less than 3.0) but antimony, copper and bismuth must be present to maintain good activity. The catalyst is made by dissolving compounds of the components of each of the heteropoly acid compounds in a solution, precipitating the heteropoly acid compounds, obtaining a catalyst precursor and calcining the catalyst precursor to form a heteropoly acid compound catalyst. Unsaturated aldehydes, such as methacrolein, may be oxidized in the presence of the heteropoly acid compound catalyst to produce an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as methacrylic acid.

Abstract: A photoactive material including nanoparticles of photoactive first and second constituents. The first and second constituents have respective conduction band energies, valence band energies and electronic band gap energies to enable photon-driven generation and separation of charge carriers in each of the first and second constituents by absorption of light in the solar spectrum. The first and second constituents are provided in an alternating layered arrangement of respective first and second layers or are mixed together in a single layer. The nanoparticles have diameters smaller than wavelengths of light in the solar spectrum, to provide optical transparency for absorption of light. The charge carriers, upon photoactivation, are able to participate in redox reactions occurring in the photoactive material. The photoactive material may enable redox reactions of carbon dioxide with at least one of hydrogen and water to produce a fuel.

Abstract: A composite material includes an aggregate which contains a first metal particle constituting a core and second metal oxide particulates surrounding the first metal particle and having an average primary particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 nm.

Abstract: The invention provides: a polycondensation catalyst for polyester production, which contains titanium atoms, alkaline earth metal atoms and phosphorus atoms, has high reactivity and excellent long-term storage stability, can be easily produced industrially, and has an advantage in cost; a polyester resin obtained with the catalyst; and a molded article. These are: a polymerization catalyst for polyester production containing titanium atoms, alkaline earth metal atoms and phosphorus atoms and having a specific constitution; a polyester resin obtained with the catalyst; and a molded article.

Abstract: Low temperature activity of a vanadium-free selective catalytic reduction catalyst is provided by a mixed metal oxide support containing oxides of titanium and zirconium, the support having a promoter deposited on the surface of the mixed metal oxide support, and further having an active catalyst component deposited over the promoter on the mixed metal oxide support surface. Suitable promoters include oxides of silicon, boron, aluminum, cerium, iron, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, tin, silver, niobium, lanthanum, titanium, and combinations thereof. Suitable active catalyst components include oxides of manganese, iron and cerium.

Abstract: A catalyst composition represented by the general formula XVO4/S wherein XVO4 stands for TransitionMetal-Vanadate, or a mixed TransitionMetal-/RareEarth-Vanadate, and S is a support comprising TiO2.