Abstract: This invention relates to novel crystalline metallo manganese oxides that has the hollandite structure. The composition is represented by the formulaA.sub.y Mn.sub.8-x M.sub.x O.sub.16where A is a templating agent such as potassium, ammonium, and y varies from about 0.5 to about 2.0, M is a metal such as chromium, vanadium, gallium, antimony and x varies from about 0.01 to about 4.0. These oxides have a three-dimensional structure with manganese and the M metals forming the framework. Finally, these novel oxides are capable of catalyzing hydrocarbon conversion processes such as oxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation.

Abstract: Branched low-pressure polyethylenes are prepared by oligomerization of ethylene on a nickel-containing catalyst and polymerization of the oligomers obtained, if appropriate in the presence of ethylene, on a chromium-containing catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an activated catalyst for the polymerization of olefins, includes mixing, in the absence of a solvent, at least one chromium salt with a support composition including at least one compound (A) which is an inorganic, oxygen-containing compound of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, IIIa and IVa, and at least one compound (B) which is an inorganic compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group IVb and IIIa, the at least one compound (B) being different from the at least one compound (A); preactivating the mixture by heating in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature which is lower than the melting temperature of the at least one chromium salt to obtain a catalyst precursor; and activating the catalyst precursor by calcining in an oxidizing atmosphere and under conditions such that part of the chromium is converted to hexavalent chromium.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbons are hydrotreated to increase content of components boiling below 1000.degree. F. by contact with Group VIII non-noble metal oxide and Group VI-B metal oxide on alumina having a Total Surface Area of 150-240 m.sup.2 /g, a Total Pore Volume, (TPV) of 0.7-0.98, and a Pore Diameter Distribution whereby .ltoreq.20% of the TPV is present as primary micropores of diameter .ltoreq.100 .ANG., at least about 34% of TPV is present as secondary micropores of diameter of about 100 .ANG.-200 .ANG., and about 26%-46% of the TPV is present as mesopores of diameter .gtoreq.200 .ANG..

Abstract: A metal alloy in which the highest individual metal concentration is nickel and which always includes at minimum 4% by weight aluminum is used as the substrate for catalysts for purifying exhaust gases. Chromium, iron, cobalt, molybdenum and titanium are among the other metals possible.

Abstract: There are a catalyst for producing 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane represented as Cr.sub.a L.sub.b M.sub.c O.sub.x F.sub.y wherein L is Mg or Ca; M is one element selected from a group consisting of Ce, Ni, Zn, and Al; and each value of a, b, c, x and y are all between 0 and 2, and a method for preparing the same comprising the steps of: producing an admixture of a composition comprising chromium hydroxide hydrate and magnesium chloride or calcium chloride in a weight ratio of Cr to Mg or Ca ranging from 1:0.3 to 1:10 with an aqueous metal salt solution; reacting the admixture with an aqueous HF solution to give a paste; and sintering the paste.

Abstract: Process and catalyst for dehydrogenation or dehydrocyclization of hydrocarbons. The catalyst consists of an aluminum oxide/chromium oxide support with promotors consisting of compounds of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and compounds of metals from the third and/or fourth subgroups of the periodic table. Coke formation and side reactions can be substantially suppressed by the use of these catalysts under special operating conditions and special reactors.

Abstract: Multimetal oxide compositions of the formula I[X.sup.1.sub.a X.sup.2.sub.b O.sub.x ].sub.p [X.sup.3.sub.c X.sup.4.sub.d X.sup.5.sub.e X.sup.6.sub.f X.sup.7.sub.g X.sup.2.sub.h O.sub.y ].sub.q(I)whereX.sup.1 is bismuth, tellurium, antimony, tin and/or copper,X.sup.2 is molybdenum and/or tungsten,X.sup.3 is an alkali metal, thallium and/or samarium,X.sup.4 is an alkaline earth metal, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese, zinc, tin, cadmium and/or mercury,X.sup.5 is iron, chromium, cerium and/or vanadium,X.sup.6 is phosphorus, arsenic, boron and/or antimony,X.sup.7 is a rare-earth metal, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, gold, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, lead, thorium and/or uranium,a is from 0.01 to 8,b is from 0.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a polymerization catalyst of olefins, said catalyst containing an active chromium compound on an inorganic support. The catalyst in accordance with the invention is prepared by vaporizing a precursor of chromium oxide such as chromyl chloride and allowing the chromium oxide vapor to react with the surface of, e.g., silica gel support material at 160.degree. . . . 500.degree. C. A selective binding of the chromium oxide to the support material is achieved by keeping the vapor pressure sufficiently high and the duration of interaction with the support sufficiently long so as to maintain an excess of the chromium compound in relation to the number of available binding sites on the support material. The activity of a catalyst in accordance with the invention even with a very low content of catalytic metal is as high as the activity of a catalyst of an appreciably higher metal content that has been prepared by the methods of the conventional technology.

Abstract: An improved supported chromium oxide catalyst, a process for preparing the catalyst and a process for polymerizing olefin monomers utilizing the catalyst are provided. In accordance with the preparation process, chromium oxide and a support containing one or more of silica, titania, thoria, alumina, zirconia or aluminophosphates are combined, impregnated with a metal salt and activated. The metal salt is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: High surface are aluminas are pre-calcined to form gamma-alumina. In one embodiment, the gamma-alumina is treated with an anhydrous solution of a fluorine-containing compound. In a second embodiment, alumina is precipitated in the pores of the gamma-alumina and then treated with a fluorine-containing compound. In a third embodiment a cogel of aluminum trifluoride and aluminum hydroxide is prepared. The three inventive fluorided alumina supports can be impregnated with a transition metal, preferably chromium, to form a catalyst system which can be used to polymerize mono-1-olefins.

Abstract: High surface are aluminas are pre-calcined to form gamma-alumina. In one embodiment, the gamma-alumina is treated with an anhydrous solution of a fluorine-containing compound. In a second embodiment, alumina is precipitated in the pores of the gamma-alumina and then treated with a fluorine-containing compound. In a third embodiment a cogel of aluminum trifluoride and aluminum hydroxide is prepared. The three inventive fluorided alumina supports can be impregnated with a transition metal, preferably chromium, to form a catalyst system which can be used to polymerize mono-1-olefins.

Abstract: A catalyst system for attaining high conversions of NO, HC, and CO in a fuel-lean emission flow (i.e., containing SO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, H.sub.2, and considerable excess oxygen), the system comprising: (a) a first stage reducing catalyst for treating the nitric oxide emissions, the catalyst containing highly acidic gamma alumina (i.e., with a pH.sub.pzc of less than 3); (b) means for injecting gaseous or liquid reductants into the emission stream prior to entering said first stage catalyst, said first stage catalyst temperature being selected to be in the range of 550.degree.-650.degree. C.; and (c) an oxidation catalyst effective for treating the effluent from the first stage catalyst.Another aspect of this invention is a method of treating the exhaust gas from a fuel-lean emission flow from a fossil-fueled internal combustion engine having a redox ratio of 0.02-0.

Abstract: Hydroprocessing catalysts which comprise alumina and Group VIB and VIII metal components having a desired pore size/volume distribution and high surface area, i.e. above 330 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A supported catalyst for ethene polymerization by Phillips catalysis is disclosed. The supported catalyst is prepared by (1) mixing a porous silicate in an inert, organic liquid to produce a silicate suspension, (2) providing an ester of phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid, (3) mixing an organic liquid, a chromium compound, and a trialkylaluminum compound to produce a chromium compound/aluminum compound and combining the silicate suspension, the phosphorus compound and the chromium compound/aluminum compound suspension. This resulting suspension is evaporated to dryness to form a catalyst intermediate. The catalyst intermediate is heated in nitrogen, then heated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, and then heated again in nitrogen to produce an activated catalyst. The activated catalyst is suspended in an organic liquid and treated with an alkyl boron compound to produce the desired supported catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for control of hydrocarbon emission with improved resistance to phosphorus, sulfur, halogen and silicon poisoning comprising a refractory oxide support impregnated with 0.5 to 20% by weight chromium oxide or manganese oxide or a mixture thereof, and a catalytically effective amount of one or more platinum group metals. The preferred refractory oxide support is alumina. The preferred platinum group metals include Pt, Pd, Ir and Rh.

Abstract: A process for producing polyethylene is disclosed in which ethylene is polymerized in the presence of a composite catalyst. The catalyst is made up of a solid catalyst component typified by a selected chromium compound, a modified aluminum compound typified by a trialkylaluminum and an R.sub.n.sup.1 Al(OR.sup.2).sub.3-n compound wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are represented by selected hydrocarbon groups and n by 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.3. The polymer has improved melt index, flow parameter and melt tension characteristics.

Abstract: A multi-component oxide catalyst comprising zinc and an alkali metal is described which is useful particularly for converting methane and/or natural gas to higher molecular weight hydrocarbon products such as ethane and ethylene. The catalyst is characterized by the formulaZn.sub.a A.sub.b M.sub.c M'.sub.d O.sub.xwhereinA is Li, Na, K, or mixtures thereof;M is Al, Ga, Cr, La, Y, Sc, V, Nb, Ta, Cu or mixtures thereof;M' is Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sm, Pb, Mn, Sb, P, Sn, Bi, Ti, Zr, Hf, or mixtures thereof;a is from about 1 to about 20;b is from about 0.1 to about 20;c is from about 0 to about 5;d is from about 0 to about 20; andx is a number needed to fulfill the valence requirements of the other elements; provided that(i) at least one of c and d is at least 0.1; and(ii) when M' is Sn, c must be at least 0.1.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel solid solutions involving Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 and the method for their preparation. The solid compositions involving Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 fall within the shaded area of a polygon in a ternary composition diagram of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 as shown in the drawing herein e.g., FIG. 1. The composition may be used as an oxidation catalyst or in the manufacture of high temperature refractories.

Abstract: A modified supported catalyst composition for polymerizing olefins, particularly alpha-olefins, for example, ethylene or ethylene and 1-hexane, is prepared by combining a chromium compound-containing catalyst with a modifier which is an oxide of an element of Group IIIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The modifier contains a small quantity of water. The resulting modified catalyst composition produces polymer resins having higher values of High Load Melt Index -HLMI (I.sub.21) than catalyst compositions without the modifier.There is also disclosed a process for polymerizing olefins, at relatively lower temperatures than was heretofore possible, to obtain resins of relatively high HLMI, using the above-identified modified catalyst composition. The resulting polymers can be used for the fabrication of blow-molded products, e.g., household and industrial containers.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor is prepared by intimately mixing a nickel-aluminium Feitknecht compound with a non-calcined aluminosilicate clay mineral and at the same time and/or subsequently with at least one additive comprising an alkaline earth and/or rare earth metal compound. The resulting mixture is then calcined to produce the catalyst precursor which can be reduced to the catalyst form. The catalyst may be used, for example, in the methanation of gases and the presence of the additive reduces silicon species loss from the catalyst during use.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the hydrogenation of heavy hydrocarbon oil, where the catalyst composition comprises at least one active ingredient for hydrogenation supported on a porous alumina carrier and has the following characteristics: (1) the total volume of the pores therein is from 0.4 to 1.0 ml/g; (2) the mean pore diameter of pores having a pore diameter of from 5 to 400 .ANG. is from 60 to 140 .ANG.; (3) the volume of pores having a pore size within .+-.25% of the mean pore diameter of pores having a pore diameter of from 5 to 400 .ANG. is from 60 to 98% of the volume of pores having a pore diameter of from 5 to 400 .ANG.; (4) the volume of pores having a pore diameter of from 400 to 5000 .ANG. is from 2 to 9% of the total volume of the entire pores; (5) the ratio (mm.sup.2 /mm.sup.3) of the outer surface area of a molded catalyst powder to the volume thereof is from 4 to 8; and (6) all points in the interior of the molded catalyst particle are positioned within 0.05 to 0.

Abstract: A novel oxidation catalyst or refractory and the method for its preparation. The material comprises substitutional solid solutions involving V.sub.2 O.sub.3, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 and having compositions that fall within a specific polygon in a ternary composition diagram of V.sub.2 O.sub.3, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2. A typical material has the formula Al.sub.0.65 V.sub.1.77 Ti.sub.0.69 O.sub.5.

Abstract: An alumina-containing material is phosphated with mono- and dialkylphosphate esters. These partial phosphate esters are produced by a solvolysis reaction of a phosphorus compound and an alcohol. The phosphated alumina-containing material, when combined with a transition metal, such as chromium, can be used as a polymerization catalyst system to polymerize mono-1-olefins.

Abstract: The production of hydrogen by the catalyzed steam reforming of methanol is accomplished using a reformer of greatly reduced size and cost wherein a mixture of water and methanol is superheated to the gaseous state at temperatures of about 800.degree. to about 1,100.degree. F. and then fed to a reformer in direct contact with the catalyst bed contained therein, whereby the heat for the endothermic steam reforming reaction is derived directly from the superheated steam/methanol mixture.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of adsorbing uniformly onto preformed high surface area crystalline alumina one or more catalytically active non-noble (doping) oxide(s) and preferably alumina-stablilizing non-noble doping oxide(s), both from substantially neutral aqueous colloidal solutions thereof, drying and calcining the doped alumina to form an improved washcoating composition for receiving additionally catalytic noble metal particles.

Abstract: A polymer stabilized colloidal transition metal solution wherein the monomer unit of the polymer has the chemical formula R.sub.x MO, where M is a metal, R is an alkyl group, and x is two less than the valence of M.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed which comprises a molybdenum-tungsten-containing complex represented by the formulaMo.sub.a W.sub.b M.sub.c A.sub.d O.sub.

Abstract: A mass for removal through chemical sorption of oxygen and water vapor and their reactive hydrides consists of a heat-resistant oxidic carrier having a large surface area and is doped with a component that is activated with molecular oxygen at from 300.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. and afterwards is treated with a reducing gas at a temperature between 200.degree. C. and below the activation temperature. Before being used as a chemical sorption agent the mass is additionally treated with a reactable gaseous hydride.

Abstract: A catalyst support and process for preparing same are provided wherein a metal substrate is coated with a layer of adherent alumina with a layer of chromium interposed between the alumina catalyst support and the metal substrate. The catalyst supports of the invention are especially useful in catalytic converters for the purification and control of exhaust gas emissions from internal combustion engines by the active catalyst oxidation/reduction of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A new polymerization catalyst system comprising an aluminum compound and a transition metal compound on an alumina-based aerogel support, a process for preparing the polymerization catalyst system and use of the catalyst system for polymerization and copolymerization of alpha-olefins are disclosed. A heat-activated alumina-based aerogel useful as a catalyst support and having a morphology by transmission electron microcopy comprising extremely thin folded film-like ribbons or plates and having a high BET surface area, high pore volume, and low bulk density is also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytic body which is substantially amorphous is formed from at least two materials vacuum deposited on a cool substrate or sprayed on a cool surface to provide a local order non-equilibrium structural configuration. The amorphous body comprises a composition of at least one metal and a second component which maintains the amorphous character of the composition. The body has an increased number and desired type of catalytically active sites. In most applications, the composition includes at least initially a component which is removed by leaching or vaporization to leave a rough surface with a large surface to volume ratio. The resulting composition is sometimes annealed to relax or modify the local structure thereof to provide a more reactive structural configuration. In an electrode form of the invention, the catalytic body is highly conductive, resistant to corrosion and degradation under current reversal and has low overvoltage characteristics when used in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: Novel high pore volume, high purity alumina gels and catalysts prepared therefrom are provided by a unique alumina gel preparation comprising hydrolyzing an aluminum alcoholate in a medium of a mixture of water and acetone aging the resultant product and thereafter washing with acetone. Processes for the polymerization of olefins utilizing the afore-described alumina gels are also included herein.

Abstract: Catalysts for use in promoting heterogeneous chemical reactions, such as hydrogenation, cracking, dehydrogenation and Fischer-Tropsch reactions, are prepared by depositing a catalytically active metal such as nickel electrolytically onto an aluminum substrate in such a manner that the metal particles are deposited in micro-particulate form to enhance their catalytic activity. The aluminum substrate is prepared by cleaning and anodizing it, so as to deposit thereon an aluminum oxide surface film having micro porosity. Then the substrate is immersed into an electrolysis bath of solution of salt of the metal to be deposited, and subjected to alternating current electrolysis to cause the required deposition. Prior to use, the catalysts so prepared should be heated to remove absorbed gases from their porous surfaces.

Abstract: Bismuth molybdate catalysts formed from a precatalyst slurry which uses an organic liquid or mixture of an organic liquid and water as the liquid medium of the slurry exhibit superior catalytic properties.

Abstract: The composition, use and manufacture of a catalyst comprising a noble metal, a rare earth metal and a metallic support with the noble and rare earth metal being electroplated on the metallic support. A preferred composition is lanthanum, platinum and palladium on a nickel chromium alloy support. The catalyst has utility in the oxidation of fumes comprising industrial waste gases and in the oxidation of components of automotive exhaust gases.