Abstract: A catalyst body including a catalytic material containing an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, a carrier carrying the catalytic material, and a method of manufacturing the catalyst body are provided. The carrier has a cordierite binder phase and aggregate phases dispersed in the cordierite binder phase.

Abstract: A catalytic element useful for promoting catalytic gas phase reactions is provided, comprising a porous ceramic body comprising a multiplicity of open pores having a coating comprising a basic oxide material and a catalyst material selected from transition metal and noble metal compounds

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing a regeneration catalyst for a working solution usable for producing hydrogen peroxide by an anthraquinone method, wherein active alumina is treated with a 20% by weight to saturated aqueous solution of a magnesium salt, treated with ammonia and then burned; and is also directed to a regeneration catalyst produced by the method.

Abstract: Process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons optionally mixed with ethane which comprises: A) dehydrogenating the hydrocarbon stream, optionally mixed with an inert gas, in a fluid bed reactor in the presence of a catalytic composition based on gallium and manganese supported on alumina modified with silica, at a temperature ranging from 400 to 700° C., at a total pressure ranging from 0.1 to 3 ata and with a GHSV (Gas Hourly Space Velocity) ranging from 50 to 10,000 h?1; and B) regenerating and heating the catalyst, by means of the catalytic oxidation of a fuel, in a fluid bed regenerator at a temperature higher than 400° C.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for using it to decompose nitrous oxide into nitrogen and oxygen are disclosed. The catalyst composition has surface area of about 1 to about 200 m2/g after exposure to a calcination temperature of between about 400° C. and about 900° C., or about 1 to about 100 m2/g after exposure to a calcination temperature of between about 400° C. and about 950° C.

Abstract: The Fischer-Tropsch catalyst of the present invention is a transition metal-based catalyst having a high surface area, a smooth, homogeneous surface morphology, an essentially uniform distribution of cobalt throughout the support, and a small metal crystallite size. In a first embodiment, the catalyst has a surface area of from about 100 m2/g to about 250 m2/g; an essentially smooth, homogeneous surface morphology; an essentially uniform distribution of metal throughout an essentially inert support; and a metal oxide crystallite size of from about 40 ? to about 200 ?. In a second embodiment, the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is a cobalt-based catalyst with a first precious metal promoter and a second metal promoter on an aluminum oxide support, the catalyst having from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt % cobalt; from about 0.0001 wt % to about 1 wt % of the first promoter, and from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt % of the second promoter.

Abstract: A porous preform (carrier) is soaked in an impregnating solution, which contains both of a catalytic-activity constituent, e.g. Ni and/or Co, and a carrier-forming constituent, e.g. Mg, Al, Zr, Ti and/or Ca, so as to simultaneously infiltrate the catalytic-activity and carrier-forming constituents into the porous preform. The impregnated preform is dried, calcined at a temperature of 700° C. or higher and then activated at a temperature of 500° C. or higher, whereby fine catalytic-activity particles are distributed on a surface of the porous carrier with high dispersion. Due to finely-distributed catalytic-activity particles, the surface of the catalyst is prevented from deposition of carbonaceous matters during reformation of hydrocarbon and held in an active state over a long term.

Abstract: Catalysts for treating acid gases and halogen gases and the production methods thereof. The acid and halogen gases include HCl, HF, HBr, HI, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, ClF3, PH3, PCl3, PCl5, POCl3, P2O5, AsH3, SiH4, SiF4, SiCl4, SiHCl3, SiH2Cl2, BF3, BCl3, GeCl4, GeH4, NO, NO2, SO2, SO3 and SF6, etc. The catalysts comprise one or more carrier materials selected from activated carbon, argil, diatomite, cement, silica and ceramic materials; and one or more metal compounds selected from: alkali metal hydroxides, oxides, carbonates and bicarbonates, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, oxides, carbonates and bicarbonates, Group IIIA metal oxides, Group IVA metal oxides, and transition metal oxides, oxide hydrates, sulfates and carbonates.

Abstract: Process for the regeneration of exhausted catalysts, containing one or more calcium aluminates, for steam cracking reactions, comprising treating said exhausted catalysts in a stream of water vapour at a temperature ranging from 700 to 950° C., preferably from 720 to 850° C., and at a pressure ranging from 0.5 to 2 atm.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxychlorination according to the present invention contains alumina and copper, and a content of copper is in the range from 5 to 20% by weight calculated as that of CuO, while a content of halogen is not more than 5% by weight. The catalyst is produced by the following steps (a) to (c): (a) preparing a slurry for spray-drying by adding an acid and an aqueous solution of cupric nitrate in a pseudo-boehmite alumina slurry; (b) spray-drying the slurry; and (c) burning the particles obtained in step (b).

Abstract: A catalyst for gas-phase reactions which has high mechanical stability and comprises one or more active metals on a support comprising aluminum oxide as support material, wherein the aluminum oxide in the support consists essentially of alpha-aluminum oxide. Ruthenium, copper and/or gold are preferred as active metal. Particularly preferred catalysts according to invention comprise a) from 0.001 to 10% by weight of ruthenium, copper and/or gold, b) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkaline earth metals, c) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkali metals, d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more rare earth metals, e) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more further metals selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver and rhenium, in each case based on the total weight of the catalyst, on the support comprising alpha-Al2O3. The catalysts are preferably used in the oxidation of hydrogen chloride (Deacon reaction).

Abstract: Novel sorbent systems for the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are provided which are comprised of a bimetallic promotor on a particulate support such as that formed of zinc oxide and an inorganic or organic carrier. Such bimetallic promotors are formed of at least two metals of the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony and vanadium with the valence of same being reduced, preferably to zero. Processes for the production of such sorbents are provided wherein the sorbent is prepared from impregnated particulate supports or admixed to the support composite prior to particulation, drying, and calcination. Further disclosed is the use of such novel sorbents in the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels whereby there is achieved not only removal of sulfur but also an increase in the olefin retention in the desulfurized product.

Abstract: Process for modifying catalysts via the deposition of carbon containing residues in the presence of one or more solvents, where the gas phase over the catalyst treatment solution during the treatment is air or an inert gas, and/or the liquid phase contains a templating agent and/or base. The modified catalyst can be used for stereo-, chemo- and regioselective transformations of organic compounds.

Abstract: Oxychlorination catalyst containing at least copper as an active element deposited on a support characterized in that the support consists essentially of an alumina obtained by calcination of an alumina hydrate obtained as by-product of the ALFOL® linear primary alcohol process and use of such catalyst in an oxychlorination process of a hydrocarbon containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for making a stabilized transition alumina of enhanced hydrothermal stability, which include the introduction of at least one structural stabilizer; a steaming step before or after the introduction step, wherein steaming is effective in transforming a transition alumina at least partially to boehmite and/or pseudoboehmite; and a calcining step to create a stabilized transition alumina. The combination of the structural stabilizer and the steaming step is believed to impart high hydrothermal stability to the alumina crystal lattice. Particularly preferred structural stabilizers include boron, cobalt, and zirconium. The stabilized transition alumina is useful as a catalyst support for high water partial pressure environments, and is particularly useful for making a catalyst having improved hydrothermal stability. The invention more specifically discloses Fischer-Tropsch catalysts and processes for the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas.

Abstract: A methanol reforming catalyst containing passivated copper and zinc oxide and/or alumina can be prepared by (1) precipitating or spray-drying a mixture of catalyst precursor components dissolved or suspended in a diluent in order to form a solid catalyst precursor in the form of powder or granules, (2) calcining and reducing the solid catalyst precursor obtained in stage (1), (3) passivating the reduced catalyst precursor obtained in stage (2) and (4) shaping the passivated catalyst precursor obtained in stage (3) to form the catalyst. A reduction in the volume shrinkage and an increase in the mechanical hardness during operation of the methanol reforming catalyst are achieved by the preparation process.

Abstract: A promoted calcium-alumina supported reforming catalyst that is particularly useful for reforming reactions where low H2/CO ratio synthesis gas, such as less than 2.3 is generated directly is disclosed. The catalyst comprises from about 25 wt % to about 98 wt % alumina, from about 0.5 wt % to about 35 wt % calcium oxide, from about 0.01 wt % to about 35 wt % of a promoter, and from about 0.05 wt % to about 30 wt % of an active metal. The promoter is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, yttrium, niobium, elements of the lanthanum-series, such as, without limitation, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, ytterbium, and combinations thereof. The active metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, iridium and combinations thereof as active metal, wherein the calcium oxide is combined with the alumina to form aluminum-rich calcium aluminates.

Abstract: A calcium-promoted alumina supported nickel reforming catalyst stabilized with titanium is disclosed. The catalyst is particularly useful for reforming reaction in feed streams containing significant quantities of CO and CO2, low quantities of steam (the feed stream having a H2O/CH4 of less than 0.8 and a CO2/CH4 of greater than 0.5) and relatively high quantities of sulfur compounds (up to about 20 ppm). The catalyst comprises from about 25 wt % to about 98 wt % alumina as a support, from about 2 wt % to about 40 wt % nickel oxide, which is promoted with from about 0.5 wt % to about 35 wt % calcium oxide, and which is stabilized with from about 0.01 wt % to about 20 wt % titanium, wherein the calcium oxide is combined with the alumina to form calcium aluminate. The catalyst can be used in reforming reactions to produce syngas and has advantages in producing low hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio syngas for applications such as iron ore reduction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a one-part, multinary metal oxide power which is suitable for producing high-temperature superconductors. To this end, a mixture of the corresponding metal salts and/or metal oxides and/or metals in the requisite stoichiometric ratio is introduced into a pulsed reactor with a pulsed gas flow resulting from flameless combustion and is partially or completely converted into the multinary metal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1-olefins from 2-hydroxyalkanes by catalytic elimination of water under nonisomerizing conditions and to a catalyst which is particularly well-suited for this process and formally comprises yttrium oxide (Y2O3), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and an alkali metal oxide and/or alkaline earth metal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a particle filter to remove soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. The particle filter contains a catalytically active coating on a filter body to accelerate bum-off during a regeneration phase of the soot particles collected on the filter. The particle filter comprises a catalytic coating containing compounds of barium, compounds of magnesium, and at least one element of the platinum group metals. The invention is further directed to a process for accelerated combustion of soot particles collected on the filter from lean exhaust gas of a diesel engine in which the soot particles have a soot ignition temperature and the particle filter is actively regenerated from time to time by raising the temperature of the particle filter above the soot ignition temperature and burning off the soot particles.

Abstract: A homogeneous, amorphous catalyst support comprising a modifying-metal-oxide and a base-metal oxide, the catalyst support having a Surface to Bulk modifying-metal/base-metal atomic ratio of from about 0.6 to about 1.3 and exhibiting an X-ray diffraction having broader line width and lower intensity than is exhibited by the base-metal oxide is disclosed. More specifically, a homogeneous, amorphous silica-modified-alumina catalyst support useful in the Fischer-Tropsch process is disclosed. A silica-modified-Alumina catalyst support of the present invention maintains the desirable properties of alumina and exhibits higher resistance to acid than unmodified alumina.

Abstract: A robust, high-temperature catalyst comprising a catalytic component supported on a porous ceramic carrier is provided for propellant decomposition. The catalyst comprises a porous, high-surface-area ceramic carrier material and up to 40% of metal and/or metal oxide, based upon the total weight of the catalyst. The supported species include metals and/or oxides of transition and lanthanide metals that possess high activity for the decomposition of liquid propellants. The carrier can be produced via a wet chemical process and then impregnated with salt solutions containing desired active-phase precursors. The catalyst can cause a liquid propellant to react upon contact with the catalyst and to produce hot gases that can be used to provide thrust, drive turbines, inflate devices, etc.

Abstract: A catalyst that can be used for the production of hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels in steam reforming processes contains an active metal of, e.g., at least one of Ir, Pt and Pd, on a catalyst support of, e.g., at least one of monoclinic zirconia and an alkaline-earth metal hexaaluminate. The catalyst exhibits improved activity, stability in both air and reducing atmospheres, and sulfur tolerance.

Abstract: This invention describes a nano-scale magnetic solid base catalyst and its preparation method. The catalyst involves a magnetic core coated with a solid base active layer. The synthesis of the nano-scale magnetic cores was first carried out using a rapid nucleation method in a colloid mill reactor using a liquid-liquid reaction. The nano-scale magnetic cores were mixed with a mixed salt solution. The LDH-containing magnetic cores were prepared in a colloid mill reactor by a rapid nucleation method, and subsequently calcined to give a solid base mixed oxides coated on magnetic cores. The characteristics of this catalyst are: nano-scale, high surface area and high activity and selectivity in base-catalyzed reactions. The highly dispersed catalyst can be easily reclaimed using an external magnetic field because of its magnetism. The catalyst can be utilized in base catalysis in organic reactions such as glycol ether synthesis, ester exchange, aldol condensation, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous carrier for steam-reforming catalysts which is composed of a composite oxide containing at least aluminum and magnesium, and has a BET specific surface area of 10 to 300 m2/g, an average pore diameter of not more than 300 ? and a pore volume of not less than 0.1 cm3/g. The catalyst obtained by supporting an active metal thereon, can be suitably used as a catalyst for steam-reforming a hydrocarbon raw material having a total sulfur content of not more than 50 ppm. The present invention provide a carrier which can be industrially mass-produced and can exhibit an excellent sulfur-poisoning resistance. Further, the catalyst using the porous carrier is very useful for producing a mixed gas of a C1 component and hydrogen by subjecting a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon to a steam-reforming reaction.

Abstract: There is provided a C12A7 compound capable of selectively and reversibly clathrating X? ions, such as active oxygen radicals, with improved controllability. The C12A7 compound clathrating OH? ions and On? at a concentration of 2×1019 cm?3 or less can be prepared by subjecting a mixed material containing Ca and Al to a solid phase reaction at a firing temperature not lower than 1200° C. and lower than 1449° C. in a dry oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen partial pressure of 0.1 atm or more and a water vapor partial pressure of 10?3 atm or less, keeping the resultant product at a temperature of 1200° C. or higher, and cooling rapidly. The C12A7 compound is heat-treated to clathrate OH? ions at a concentration of 2×1019 cm?3 or less, and On? at a high concentration of more than 2×1019 cm?3. The compound can reversibly clathrate or release On? ion radicals through the elevation or lowering of the temperature thereof in a temperature range of 300 to 850° C.

Abstract: A ceramic support capable of supporting a catalyst comprising a ceramic body having fine pores with a diameter or width up to 1000 times the ion diameter of a catalyst component to be supported on the surface of the ceramic body, the number of the fine pores being not less than 1×1011 pores per liter, is produced by introducing oxygen vacancies or lattice defects in the cordierite crystal lattice or by applying a thermal shock to form fine cracks.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of alkaline earth metals, alkaline metals, rare earth metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, titanium, and phosphorus. Said QCBs according to the invention may be prepared in several ways. In general, a quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor and an additive are converted to a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing the additive in a homogeneously dispersed state.

Abstract: A catalyst for decomposition of hydrocarbons, comprises porous oxide particles containing magnesium and aluminum, and fine metallic nickel particles which are present in the vicinity of surface of the respective porous oxide particles, and have an average particle diameter of 1 to 10 nm, said catalyst having a nickel content of 0.15 to 12% by weight based on the weight of the catalyst and a molar ratio of nickel to a sum of magnesium, nickel and aluminum of 0.001 to 0.12 in which a molar ratio of magnesium to aluminum (Mg:Al) is 4:1 to 1.5:1. The catalyst for decomposition of hydrocarbons, is capable of maintaining as small a particle size of metallic nickel particles as not more than 10 nm at a considerably reduced nickel content, and exhibits an excellent anti-coking property even under a low steam atmosphere.

Abstract: A catalyst and sorbent is disclosed which comprises pellets with an absorbent core and a protective shell with a catalyst in the shell. Such material is especially well suited for steam reforming of hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen since a reforming catalyst can be incorporated in the shell and a sorbent for the by-product carbon dioxide can be used for the core. It is also well suited for producing hydrogen from carbon monoxide by means of the water gas shift reaction. The shell can be made sufficiently strong and durable for moving bed applications as well as fixed bed applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to highly active spherical metal support catalysts with a metal content of 10 to 70% by mass, and a process for their production with the use of a mixture of polysaccharides and at least one metal compound which is dropped into a metal salt solution.

Abstract: A catalyzed diesel particulate matter exhaust filter with improved diesel particulate matter oxidation activity and thermal stability including a porous filter substrate for filtering the diesel particulate matter washcoated with high surface area support alumina, titania, silica and zirconia promoted with one of ceria, lanthanum oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdem oxide, tin oxide for catalytic materials which includes an alkaline earth metal vanadate, and a precious metal

Abstract: A composition for controlling NOx emissions during FCC processes comprises (i) an acidic oxide support, (ii) cerium oxide, (iii) a lanthanide oxide other than ceria such as praseodymium oxide, and (iv), optionally, an oxide of a metal from Groups Ib and IIb such as copper, silver and zinc.

Abstract: A porous catalyst support having an increased average pore size is produced from a mixed metal oxide material. In accordance with one embodiment, a method for preparing a mixed metal oxide material includes providing a mixed metal oxide precursor containing at least two metals, calcining the mixed metal oxide precursor at a temperature sufficient to form a thermally and mechanically stable mixed metal oxide material, and leaching the mixed metal oxide material in a leach solution with a constituent that dissolves one metal oxide. Preferably, the calcination temperature is approximately between 300° C. and 1300° C. The leaching constituent may be chosen from the group including acidic solutions of HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO3, and their combinations, or basic solutions of NH3, NaOH, KOH, and their combinations.

Abstract: There are disclosed a decompositionally treating agent for fluorocarbons which comprises an aluminum compound and a lanthanoid compound as effective ingredients; a decompositionally treating agent for fluorocarbons which comprises an aluminum compound, a lanthanoid compound and an alkaline earth metal compound as effective ingredients; and a decompositionally treating method for fluorocarbons which comprises decomposing a fluorocarbon by bringing a fluorocarbon-containing gas into contact under heating with a decompositionally treating agent mentioned above or by bringing the above gas into contact under heating with a decompositionally treating agent comprising aluminum oxide as an effective ingredient and thereafter with a decompositionally treating agent comprising a lanthanoid oxide and an alkaline earth metal oxide.

Abstract: This composite oxide powder can secure a large pore volume even after calcination at high temperature and, when a catalyst is formed by loading a noble metal on this composite oxide powder, noble metal grain growth can be suppressed. The composite oxide powder comprises particles of an oxide of a metal M1 and an oxide of a metal M2 which does not dissolve in the oxide of the metal M1, the oxide of the metal M1 and the oxide of the metal M2 being dispersed at the nanometer level. Since different oxides serve as a barrier to each other, sintering is suppressed. Therefore, in the case of composite oxide powder comprising Ce as a metal M1 and Al as a metal M2, grain growth is small even after exposed to high temperature and pores of 3.5-100 nm secure a volume of 0.07 cc/g or more after calcination at 600° C. for 5 hours and a volume of 0.04 cc/g or more after calcination at 800° C. for 5 hours.

Abstract: A catalyst able to overcome defects of an absorption reduction-type NOx purifying catalyst, such as poor NOx purifying capability at low temperatures and low SOx desorbing property, is provided. The catalyst is an absorption reduction-type NOx purifying catalyst where NOx absorbent particles and support particles having supported thereon a catalyst component are mixed. Preferably, acidic support particles are added to the support particle, the NOx absorbent particles are a metal oxide having a base point, and the metal oxide is rare earth-added zirconia. In conventional catalysts, the NOx absorbent such as alkali metal having strong basicity exposes the catalyst component present together on the same support to the basic condition to decrease the catalytic performance.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cobalt based catalyst precursor includes, in a support impregnation stage, impregnating a coated catalyst support comprising porous catalyst support particles coated with carbon, with a cobalt salt, and partially drying the impregnated support. Thereafter, in a calcination stage, the partially dried impregnated support is calcined, to obtain the cobalt based catalyst precursor. The cobalt based catalyst precursor can then, in a reduction stage, be reduced to obtain a cobalt based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts for oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane, comprising compounds of copper and magnesium supported on alumina, in which the copper, expressed as metal, is present in an amount of 7 to 12% by weight and the Mg/Cu ratio is 0.05 to 1, and wherein the ratio between the concentration of copper provided by the Al/Cu ratio at the surface and that provided by the Al/Cu ratio in the entire particle of the catalyst is from 0.8 to 1.3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for lowering the amount of NOx in the lean exhaust gas from lean burn engines, comprising active aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and at least one noble metal of the platinum group of the periodic table of the elements, as well as at least one nitrogen oxide storage material. The catalyst is characterized in that the magnesium oxide forms a homogeneous mixed oxide with aluminum oxide and is present in a concentration of about 1 to about 40 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the mixed oxide.

Abstract: A composition for controlling NOx emissions during FCC processes comprises (i) an acidic oxide support, (ii) cerium oxide, (iii) a lanthanide oxide other than ceria such as praseodymium oxide, and (iv), optionally, an oxide of a metal from Groups Ib and IIb such as copper, silver and zinc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for decomposing nitrous oxide, which is [1] a catalyst comprising a support having supported thereon aluminum, magnesium and rhodium, [2] a catalyst comprising an alumina support having supported thereon magnesium and rhodium, [3] a catalyst comprising a support having supported thereon rhodium, the support comprising a spinel crystalline composite oxide formed by magnesium and at least a part of aluminum, [4] a catalyst comprising a support having supported thereon aluminum, rhodium and at least one metal selected from zinc, iron, manganese and nickel, [5] a catalyst comprising an alumina support having supported thereon rhodium and at least one metal selected from zinc, iron, manganese and nickel, or [6] a catalyst comprising a support having supported thereon rhodium, the support comprising a spinel crystalline composite oxide formed by at least a part of aluminum and the at least one metal selected from zinc, iron, manganese and nickel.

Abstract: The invention pertains to new catalyst systems for polycondensation reactions, for example for producing polyethylene terephthalate. In accordance with the invention, complex compounds with hydrotalcite-analogous structures of general formula [M(II)1−xM(III)x(OH)2]x+(An−x/n).mH2O are used, wherein M(II) represents divalent metals, preferably Mg or Zn or NI or Cu or Fe(II) or Co, and M(III) represents trivalent metals, for example Al or Fe(III), and A represents anions, preferably carbonates or borates. These catalysts can be calcinated and can be used in combination with phosphorus compounds that contain at least one hydrolyzable phosphorus-oxygen bond.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a solid catalyst comprising an active alumina catalyst impregnated with a metal hydroxide. In another aspect, the invention provides a process for preparing the inventive alumina catalyst. In certain embodiments, the catalyst may be used for the protection of amines, alcohols and thiols with a wide variety of protecting agents. This procedure is widely applicable for N-protection of amino acids which finds wide industrial applications. The catalyst is also useful for carrying out nucleophilic substitutions of aromatic halides containing an electron-withdrawing group. A wide variety of nucleophiles chosen from amines, primary and secondary, aromatic and aliphatic, as well as alcohols and thiols have been successfully employed. The methodology involves simple techniques and easy work up procedures and is thus useful for large-scale industrial preparations. Additionally, the reactions avoid the use of harmful solvents and thus satisfy the need for green chemistry.

Abstract: The present invention provides a 12CaO.7Al2O3 compound containing an O2− ion radical and/or an O− ion radical in a high concentration of 1020 cm−3 or more. This compound can be used as an oxidization catalyst, antibacterial agent, ion conductor, or electrode material for solid-oxide fuel cells.

Abstract: A catalyst for decomposition of hydrocarbons, comprises porous oxide particles containing magnesium and aluminum, and fine metallic nickel particles which are present in the vicinity of surface of the respective porous oxide particles, and have an average particle diameter of 1 to 10 nm, said catalyst having a nickel content of 0.15 to 12% by weight based on the weight of the catalyst and a molar ratio of nickel to a sum of magnesium, nickel and aluminum of 0.001 to 0.12 in which a molar ratio of magnesium to aluminum (Mg:Al) is 4:1 to 1.5:1. The catalyst for decomposition of hydrocarbons, is capable of maintaining as small a particle size of metallic nickel particles as not more than 10 nm at a considerably reduced nickel content, and exhibits an excellent anti-coking property even under a low steam atmosphere.

Abstract: A composition for controlling NOx emissions during FCC processes comprises (i) an acidic oxide support, (ii) cerium oxide, (iii) a lanthanide oxide other than ceria such as praseodymium oxide, and (iv), optionally, an oxide of a metal from Groups Ib and IIb such as copper, silver and zinc.

Abstract: Catalysts for oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane, comprising compounds of copper and magnesium supported on alumina, in which the copper, expressed as metal, is present in an amount of 7 to 12% by weight and the Mg/Cu ratio is 0.05 to 1, and wherein the ratio between the concentration of copper provided by the Al/Cu ratio at the surface and that provided by the Al/Cu ratio in the entire particle of the catalyst is from 0.8 to 1.3.

Abstract: A composition is provided that can be used, for example, in a fuel processor for a fuel cell system. The composition includes a first material such as a catalyst, and a second material such as a desiccant. The second material is capable of sorbing and desorbing a heat transfer material such as water, and is present in an amount sufficient to sorb an amount of the heat transfer material sufficient to remove a portion of the heat generated when the first material undergoes an exothermic reaction.