Abstract: A catalyst body including a catalytic material containing an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, a carrier carrying the catalytic material, and a method of manufacturing the catalyst body are provided. The carrier has a cordierite binder phase and aggregate phases dispersed in the cordierite binder phase.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst containing given atoms in a given atomic proportion for use in producing methacrylic acid through gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen comprising the steps of: (i) preparing a solution or slurry containing at least molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium (liquid I); (ii) preparing a solution or slurry containing ammonium radical (liquid II); (iii) preparing a mixture of the liquid I and the liquid II by introducing one liquid (liquid PR) of the liquid I and the liquid II into a tank (tank A) and pouring the other liquid (liquid LA) on a continuous region in the surface of the liquid PR, the continuous region occupying 0.01 to 10% of the whole area of the surface of the liquid PR; and (iv) drying and calcining the resultant solution or slurry containing a catalyst precursor comprising all the catalyst constituents.

Abstract: The present invention provides an NOx purifying catalyst that removes NOx with sufficient efficiency even under low temperature operation such as diesel engine automobiles. An NOx purifying catalyst for processing NOx in exhaust gas by rich/lean control of the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, includes a first catalytic layer containing ?-zeolite having iron and/or cerium elements, and a second catalytic layer including a noble metal and cerium oxide-based material; in which the second and the first catalytic layers are coated on a support in that order so that the first catalytic layer is the uppermost layer. The NOx purifying catalyst purifies NOx as showed in Reaction Formulations (1) to (4). Lean condition 1: NO+½O2?NO2??(1) Rich condition: CO+H2O?CO2??(2) NOx+H2?NH3??(3) Lean condition 2: NOx+NH3+O2?N2+H2O??(4).

Abstract: This invention provides a method for increasing the activity of catalysts. The method requires the introduction of the catalyst into nano-structured surfaces. The catalysts are introduced as functional groups in molecules forming a monolayer on a surface. A mixed monolayer of catalyst and inert molecules generates ordered domains of molecules on the surface. The catalyst is confined in regions of 0.5 nm to 3 nm in size and is surrounded by an inert material. The presence of such ordered domains that commensurate in size with the reactants, enhance the performance of the catalyst and increase the rate of the reaction.

Abstract: Briefly described, compositions, materials including the compositions, methods of using the compositions, and methods of degrading contaminants, are described herein. The composition can include a polyoxometalate/ cationic silica material. In addition, the compositions can be made of a polyoxometalate/cationic silica material, a copper (II) salt having a weakly bound anion, and a nitrate salts. Further, the compositions can be made of a polyoxometalate/cationic silica material, a copper (II) salt having a weakly bound anion, a compound selected from tetraethylammonium (TEA) nitrate, tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA) nitrate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing dimeric or higher polymeric reaction products of nitrogen aromatics comprise contacting a composition comprising the nitrogen aromatic with a catalyst composition. The catalyst is in particulate form and comprises a first metal substrate having a second reduced metal coated on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention if for a catalyst for epoxidation of an alkene, such as ethylene, to an alkene oxide, such as ethylene oxide, on which silver has been deposited on alumina as a support which has been modified with certain weak base compounds, such as oxides of a Group 1A, Group 2A, Group 3A or the first transition series of the Periodic Table of Elements, and with a high temperature heat treatment. Optional promoters selected from the group consisting of compounds of Group 1A, Group 2A, Group 7A and Group 8 may be contacted with the alpha-alumina support in solution with a silver compound, with the catalyst precursor before calcination or with the catalyst after calcination. The catalyst is brought into contact with alkene and oxygen under reaction conditions to selectively convert the alkene to an alkene oxide.

Abstract: Especially physically stable metal oxide catalyst supports are prepared by suspending a metal oxide in a continuous phase, activating by fine dispersion, coagulation to a viscoelastic mass, shaping, drying, and calcining. The catalyst support thus prepared may be treated with catalytic agents to produce supported catalysts for olefin oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal nanocolloidal liquid characterized by containing a dispersion medium and nanocolloidal metal particles, and containing substantially no protective colloid-forming agent; and a method for producing a metal-on-carrier, characterized by including causing nanocolloidal metal particles to be carried on a carrier by use of the metal nanocolloidal liquid. According to the production method, nanocolloidal metal particles can be efficiently caused to be carried on a carrier, and a metal-on-carrier which is useful in a variety of fields can be industrially advantageously produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a new type of catalyst for the oxidation of CO in a reactant gas or air. The method provides the preparation of a catalyst having nano-sized metal particles and a capping agent deposited on a solid support. The size and distribution of the metal particles can be easily controlled by adjusting reaction condition and the capping agent used. The catalyst prepared has high activity at low temperature toward selective oxidation of CO and is stable over an extended period of time. The catalyst can be used in air filter devices, hydrogen purification processes, automotive emission control devices (decomposition of NOx, x is the integer 1 or 2), F-T synthesis, preparation of fuel-cell electrode, photocatalysis and sensors.

Abstract: A multi-phase catalyst for the simultaneous conversion of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons is provided. A catalyst composition comprising the multi-phase catalyst and methods of making the catalyst composition are also provided. The multi-phase catalyst may be represented by the general formula of CeyLn1-xAx+sMOZ, wherein Ln is a mixture of elements originally in the form of single-phase mixed lanthanides collected from natural ores, a single lanthanide, or a mixture of lanthanides; A is an element selected from a group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, or any combination thereof; and M is an element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, V, Zr, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ag, Au, Al, Ga, Mo, W, Ti, or any combination thereof; x is a number defined by 0?x<1.0; y is a number defined by 0?y<10; s is a number defined by 0?s<10; where s=0 only when y>0 and y=0 only when s>0.

Abstract: A nanocomposite particle, its use as a catalyst, and a method of making it are disclosed. The nanocomposite particle comprises titanium dioxide nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and a surface stabilizer. The metal oxide nanoparticles are formed hydrothermally in the presence of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite particle is an effective catalyst support, particularly for DeNOx catalyst applications.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: Catalysts are formulated to resemble a direct ammonia/air fuel cell at short circuit at the nanoscale level to convert ammonia in aqueous solution directly and spontaneously to nitrogen at near or above ambient temperature. The catalyst particle contains a type-A catalyst subparticles for ammonia oxidation to nitrogen, and a type-C catalyst subparticles for oxygen reduction, with the type-A and type-C catalyst subparticles electrically shorted. Advantages realized at the nanoscale level are enhanced conductances for electrons and hydroxyl anions between the neighboring type-A and type-C catalyst subparticles. With the catalysts packed and confined in a catalyst bed in a chemical reactor, the direct conversion of ammonia in an aqueous phase to nitrogen can be carried out continuously for ammonia removal from a water stream in a compact package, and without the high cost arising from constructing and maintaining a bulk electrochemical device, and without the step of exacting the ammonia into gas phase.

Abstract: The photocatalytic apatite composition and its production method are disclosed. The photocatalytic apatite comprises a photocatalytic apatite having incorporated into the apatite crystal structure thereof a metal oxide having a photocatalytic action, such as titanium oxide, and a metal ion having an antimicrobial property, such as a silver ion or a copper ion. The photocatalyst apatite composition is capable of maintaining excellent decomposition and adsorption properties for various organic materials such as VOCs or specific adsorbing substances such as a virus for a long time and, at the same time, expressing an excellent antimicrobial property in a dark place as well as under daylight.

Abstract: Composite combustion catalyst particles are described and disclosed. A metal core of a combustible metal can be coated with a metal oxide coating. Additionally, a catalyst coating can at least partially surround the metal oxide coating to form a composite catalyst particle. The composite catalyst particles can be dispersed in a variety of fuels such as propulsion fuels and the like to form an enhanced fuel. During initial stages of combustion, the catalyst coating acts to increase combustion of the fuel. As combustion proceeds, the metal core heats sufficiently to disturb the metal oxide coating. The metal core then combusts in highly exothermic reactions with an oxidizer and the catalyst coating to provide improved energy densities to the enhanced fuel.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing hydrogen, which comprises: a. a heated steam reforming stage (1) with a reforming catalyst to convert gaseous or vaporizable hydrocarbons and water into hydrogen, carbon monoxide and further reformer products; b. at least one stage downstream of the steam reforming stage for the catalytic conversion of the mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and excess steam leaving the steam reforming stage (shift stage) (2); and c. a fine purification stage (3) downstream of the shift stage(s) for the catalytic lowering of the residual carbon monoxide content of the conversion products by selective methanization, is described. In the apparatus, the shift stage (2) and the fine purification stage (3) are configured as a unitary hollow body (exothermic catalyst stage).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an oxidation catalyst for use in removing fine soot particulates from exhaust gases of diesel engines, incinerators, boilers or other combustion devices, and to a method of removing fine soot particulates using the oxidation catalyst. The oxidation catalyst of the current invention functions to effectively remove fine soot particulates at a low temperature, and also, has thermal durability, and thus, the activity of the catalyst may be stably maintained even under thermal stress for a long time period. Further, the catalyst prevents poisoning due to a sulfur compound present in exhaust gases, and can maintain stable activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing phthalic anhydride by gas phase oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene, comprising at least three catalyst zones which have different compositions and, from the gas inlet side toward the gas outlet side, are referred to as first, second and third catalyst zone, the catalyst zones having in each case an active composition comprising TiO2 with a content of Na of less than 0.

Abstract: Described is a porous ceramic body comprising zirconia having mesopores incorporated therein and the primary crystalline phase is tetragonal. When used as a carrier for a catalyst, the porous ceramic body has excellent crush resistance and a large total pore volume which results in an increase in the carrier's surface area onto which catalytic material may be deposited. Methods of making the carrier are also disclosed.

Abstract: A surface-stabilized gold nanocatalyst includes a solid support having stabilizing surfaces for supporting gold nanoparticles, and a plurality of gold nanoparticles having an average particle size of less than 8 nm disposed on the stabilizing surfaces. The surface-stabilized gold nanocatalyst provides enhanced stability, such as at high temperature under oxygen containing environments. In one embodiment, the solid support is a multi-layer support comprising at least a first layer having a second layer providing the stabilizing surfaces disposed thereon, the first and second layer being chemically distinct.

Abstract: An aluminum product includes an aluminum substrate, a porous alumina film formed on the aluminum substrate, and a photo-catalyst film. The alumina film has an array of pores defined on a surface thereof. The photo-catalyst film is formed on the surface of the alumina film and inner walls of the alumina film located in the pores. An exemplary method for producing the aluminum product is also provided.

Abstract: In a method of producing a catalyst for the production of methacrylic acid, which has a composition of the following formula (1), when mixing 100 parts by mass of a solution or a slurry (liquid A) containing molybdenum atoms, phosphorous atoms and vanadium atoms in which the content of ammonium species is 0 to 1.5 mol relative to 12 mol of the molybdenum atoms, 5 to 300 parts by mass of a solution or a slurry (liquid B) containing 6 to 17 mol of ammonium species relative to 12 mol of the molybdenum atoms contained in the liquid A and a solution or a slurry (liquid C) containing an element Z such as cesium, the liquid B is mixed with the liquid A, the liquid C or a mixture of the liquid A and the liquid C over 0.1 to 15 minutes PaMobVcCudXeYfZgOh??(1).

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes at least one honeycomb unit and a peripheral wall at a peripheral surface connecting one end face and another end face of the honeycomb structure. The honeycomb unit includes inorganic particles, an inorganic binder, and cell walls extending along a longitudinal direction of the at least one honeycomb unit to define cells. The at least one honeycomb unit has a b-axis compression strength of about 1.0 MPa or less. A thickness T of the peripheral wall of the honeycomb structure is larger than 0.42V-0.25 (mm), where V is a volume of the honeycomb structure and in a range from about 1.0 liters to about 10 liters.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes at least one honeycomb unit having a longitudinal direction and including cell walls extending along the longitudinal direction from one end face to another end face to define cells. The at least one honeycomb unit includes inorganic particles, inorganic binder, and inorganic fibers. The inorganic fibers include a bio-soluble inorganic compound.

Abstract: A method of producing a catalyst support comprising a substrate, and coating formed on the surface of the substrate and including powder of a first metal oxide of at least one member selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania, iron oxides, oxides of rare earth elements, alkali metal oxides and alkali earth metal oxides, wherein the coating is obtained by heat treating the substrate after applied with a coating composition obtained by mixing the first metal oxide powder together with a fluid raw material composition containing raw material of a second metal oxide of at least one member selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania, iron oxides, oxides of rare earth elements, alkali metal oxides and alkali earth metal oxides, at a shear rate of 1000 sec?1 or higher.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst which, in the FT process, exhibits a high chain growth probability, and a high catalytic activity, can stably and smoothly promote the reaction, exhibits a high productivity of C5+, and can efficiently produce liquid hydrocarbons, and a process therefore. The invention relates to a hydrocarbon-producing catalyst obtainable by supporting a ruthenium compound on a support composed of a manganese oxide and an aluminum oxide, and which satisfies at least one of characteristics (1) and (2): (1) the catalyst being treated with an aqueous alkaline solution and subsequently subjected to calcination treatment in the air at 150 to 500° C., (2) the aluminum oxide being an aluminum oxide wherein pore volume formed by pores having a pore diameter of 8 nm or more accounts for 50% or more of total pore volume.

Abstract: A process for producing a composite metal oxide of an acidic metal oxide and a basic metal oxide, wherein the process comprises (a) providing an aqueous solution containing a colloidal particle of the acidic metal oxide and a salt of the basic metal, (b) adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution to a pH at which a part of the basic metal dissolves in the aqueous solution, the remaining of the basic metal precipitates as a hydroxide and has a positive zeta potential, and the colloidal particle of the acidic metal oxide is not dissolved and has a negative surface potential, and then maintaining this pH over a predetermined time to obtain a precursor of the composite metal oxide, and (c) drying and firing the precursor of the composite metal oxide obtained.

Abstract: A reagent suitable for use as a catalyst comprises a first metal species substrate having a second reduced metal species coated thereon, the second reduced metal species being less electropositive than the first metal. Methods of manufacture are also provided.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes at least one honeycomb member including inorganic fibers and having walls extending along a longitudinal direction to define cells. A catalyst is provided on the wall in an amount of at least about 100 g and at most about 400 g per liter of volume of the honeycomb structure. The honeycomb member has a pore distribution measured using mercury porosimetry in which a pore distribution curve has a first peak in a range from about 0.005 ?m to about 0.03 ?m of a pore diameter, a second peak in a range from about 1 ?m to about 15 ?m of the pore diameter, and a third peak in a range from about 15 ?m to about 50 ?m of the pore diameter, where the curve is drawn by plotting the pore diameter (?m) on an X-axis and a log differential pore volume (mL/g) on a Y-axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oxidic catalyst containing cesium and tungsten for the synthesis of alkyl mercaptans from alkanols and hydrogen sulfide, and to a process for the production of this catalyst, wherein the molar ratio of cesium to tungsten is <2:1.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a copper-based catalyst having high activity and superior heat resistance and a catalyst used for steam reforming of methanol has Al alloy particles each having an oxide surface layer containing fine copper oxide particles. The Al alloy particles are produced by leaching Al alloy particles with an aqueous solution. The Al alloy particles are prepared by pulverizing a bulky Al alloy having a quasicrystalline phase, the quasicrystalline phase being represented by the formula Al100-y-zCuyTMz (where y is 10 to 30 atomic percent, z is 5 to 20 atomic percent, and TM indicates at least one of transition metals other than Cu). In the catalyst, the oxide surface layer containing fine copper oxide particles is formed by adjusting leaching conditions so as to form an oxide surface layer, which contains dispersed fine Cu particles and which is composed of an Al oxide and a transition metal oxide, on the surface of each of the Al alloy particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to supported catalysts and a process for the production of these catalysts. These supported catalysts may be used in various reactions such as reforming reactions (e.g. steam methane reforming (SMR) reactions and autothermal reforming (ATR) reactions). In one aspect of the invention, the supported catalyst comprises a transition metal oxide; optionally a rare-earth metal oxide; and a transition metal aluminate.

Abstract: A water gas shift catalyst for use at temperatures above about 450° C. up to about 900° C. or so comprising rhenium deposited on a support, preferably without a precious metal, wherein the support is prepared from a high surface area material, such as a mixed metal oxide, particularly a mixture of zirconia and ceria, to which may be added one or more of a high surface area transitional alumina, an alkali or alkaline earth metal dopant and/or an additional dopant selected from Ga, Nd, Pr, W, Ge, Fe, oxides thereof and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an olefin oxide, which is characterized by reacting an olefin with oxygen in the presence of a silver catalyst and 0.2 mole or more of water per mol of the olefin.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst for catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gases wherein fuel is supplied and subjected to combustion under periodic rich/lean conditions and the resulting exhaust gases are brought into contact therewith, which catalyst comprises: (A) a catalyst component A comprising (c) ceria or (d) praseodymium oxide or (e) an oxide and/or a composite oxide of at least two elements selected from the group consisting of cerium, zirconium, praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, samarium, gadolinium and lanthanum; (B) a catalyst component B comprising (d) a noble metal catalyst component selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, palladium and oxides thereof and (e) a carrier; and (C) a catalyst component C comprising (f) a solid acid, and (g) a solid acid supporting an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing supported gold catalysts from a porous metal oxide support and a chloroauric acid precursor, wherein the support is placed in contact with the aqueous solution of the chloroauric acid precursor. The invention also relates to a metal oxide supported gold catalyst and its use in the oxidation of alcohols, aldehydes, polyhydroxy compounds and carbohydrates.

Abstract: Processes for activating and/or regenerating Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate synthesis catalysts include the transportation of a modular, portable catalyst activation and/or regeneration unit to Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate production units. An alternative process for activating and/or regenerating Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate synthesis catalysts includes activating and/or regenerating the catalyst in a production unit at a catalyst treatment facility. An alternative process for activating and/or regenerating Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate synthesis catalysts includes activating and/or regenerating the catalyst in a synthesis reactor at a catalyst treatment facility.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a catalyst, a catalyst precursor, or a catalyst support comprising: (a) mixing a refractory metal oxide or precursor thereof with a liquid to form a paste; (b) adding said paste to an extruder, the extruder having a die plate comprising one or more dies, each die having a plurality of apertures, the outlet of each aperture having a cross sectional area of 6 mm2 or less; (c) extruding the paste through the apertures to form catalyst support extrudates; wherein the inlet of the apertures has a greater cross sectional area than the outlet of said apertures; and wherein for at least one die the combined cross sectional area of all apertures at the inlet relative to the total cross sectional area of the die at the inlet is higher than 50%.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to yttrium compositions and methods for making such metal oxide compositions, specifically, metal oxide compositions having high surface area, high metal/metal oxide content, and/or thermal stability with inexpensive and easy to handle materials.

Abstract: A composite material includes an aggregate which contains a first metal particle constituting a core and second metal oxide particulates surrounding the first metal particle and having an average primary particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 nm.

Abstract: A method of preparing a steam reforming catalyst characterized by improved resistance to attrition loss when used for cracking, reforming, water gas shift and gasification reactions on feedstock in a fluidized bed reactor, comprising: fabricating the ceramic support particle, coating a ceramic support by adding an aqueous solution of a precursor salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Cr, Co, Mn, Mg, K, La and Fe and mixtures thereof to the ceramic support and calcining the coated ceramic in air to convert the metal salts to metal oxides.

Abstract: The inventors have discovered catalyst ignition promoters comprising one or more activated metals. The catalyst ignition promoters are easily prepared from a number of metal sources, including spent catalysts, are activated quickly and provide effective catalyst ignition independent of the quality of the metals that comprise the catalytic converter. The one or more activated metals comprising the ignition promoter are prepared by contacting them with one or more chemical treatments. The activated metal components are prepared into suitable articles, referred to as ignition strips, that are placed in contact with one or more oxidative coupling catalysts, typically in the form of gauzes. The ignition promoters reduce the activation energy for catalyst ignition (also referred to “light off”), enabling ignition of catalyst gauzes that are new, used, contaminated, damaged and combinations thereof at a relatively low auto-ignition temperatures.

Abstract: A pillar-shaped honeycomb structure has a plurality of cells longitudinally placed in parallel with one another with a wall portion therebetween, wherein the honeycomb structure mainly includes inorganic fibers which form the honeycomb structure without lamination interfaces.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing compounds, including specifically thiophenic compounds, in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstream are catalytically oxidized by combining the hydrocarbon feedstream with a catalytic reaction mixture that includes a peroxide that is soluble in water or in a polar organic acid, at least one carboxylic acid, and a catalyst that is a transition metal salt selected from the group consisting of (NH4)2WO4, (NH4)6W12O40.H2O, Na2WO4, Li2WO4, K2WO4, MgWO4, (NH4)2MoO4, (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O, MnO0 and NaVO3; the mixture is vigorously agitated for a time that is sufficient to oxidize the sulfur-containing compounds to form sulfoxides and sulfones; the reaction mixture is allowed to stand and separate into a lower aqueous layer containing the catalyst and an upper hydrocarbon layer that is recovered and from which the oxidized sulfur compounds are removed, as by solvent extraction, distillation or selective adsorption.

Abstract: Compounds and methods for sorbing organosulfur compounds from fluids are provided. Generally, compounds according to the present invention comprise mesoporous, nanocrystalline metal oxides. Preferred metal oxide compounds either exhibit soft Lewis acid properties or are impregnated with a material exhibiting soft Lewis acid properties. Methods according to the invention comprise contacting a fluid containing organosulfur contaminants with a mesoporous, nanocrystalline metal oxide. In a preferred embodiment, nanocrystalline metal oxide particles are formed into pellets (14) and placed inside a fuel filter housing (12) for removing organosulfur contaminants from a hydrocarbon fuel stream.

Abstract: Decreasing HC emission is made possible. An exhaust gas-purifying catalyst includes a substrate, a hydrocarbon-adsorbing layer covering the substrate, and a catalytic layer covering the hydrocarbcn-adsorbing layer. The catalytic layer includes a layered structure of a first catalytic layer including a precious metal and a carrier supporting it, and a second catalytic layer including the same precious metal as the precious metal of the first catalytic layer and a carrier supporting it and having a concentration of the precious metal higher than that in the first catalytic layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/porous metal oxide compositions comprising porous metal oxide selected from porous titanium oxide and porous alumina and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0 and I materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by porous metal oxide under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the porous metal oxide at about 150° C., an exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are stable in dry air. Further heating forms higher stage materials of unknown composition.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising gold nanodots on cerium oxide, catalytically active for oxidation of carbon monoxide at room temperature. The catalyst is prepared by deposition-precipitation followed by aging or ultrasound treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst system for preparing carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic anhydrides which has at least four catalyst layers arranged one on top of another in the reaction tube, the ratio of the bed lengths of the more selective catalyst layers to the bed lengths of the more active catalyst layers being between 1.4 and 2. The present invention further relates to a process for gas phase oxidation in which a gaseous stream which comprises a hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is passed through a plurality of catalyst layers, the ratio of the bed lengths of the more selective catalyst layers to the bed lengths of the more active catalyst layers being between 1.4 and 2.