Abstract: A process to prepare a paraffinic hydrocarbon from a solid carbonaceous feedstock, preferably coal by performing the following steps, (a) feeding an oxygen comprising gas and the carbonaceous feedstock to a burner positioned horizontal and firing into a reactor vessel, (b) performing a partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock in said burner to obtain a stream of hot synthesis gas which flows upwardly relative to the burner and a liquid slag which flows downwardly relative to the burner, (c) cooling the hot synthesis gas by first cooling the gas to a temperature of between 500 and 900° C. by injecting a gaseous or liquid cooling medium into the synthesis gas and subsequently second cooling the gas in to below 500° C.

Abstract: A particulate catalyst comprises an intimate mixture of cobalt and aluminum compounds at an atomic ratio in the range 10:1 to 2:1 (Co:Al), which when reduced at 425° C., has a cobalt surface area as measured by hydrogen chemisorption at 150° C. of at least 30 m2/g of catalyst. The catalyst is prepared by sequential precipitation of cobalt with aluminum ions in the presence of an alkaline precipitation agent. The catalyst may be used for the hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds or the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A catalyst including cobalt, zinc oxide and aluminium is described, having a total cobalt content of 15-75% by weight (on reduced catalyst), an aluminium content ?10% by weight (based on ZnO) and which when reduced at 425° C., has a cobalt surface area as measured by hydrogen chemisorption at 150° C. of at least 20 m2/g cobalt. A method for preparing the catalyst is also described including combining a solution of cobalt, zinc and aluminium with an alkaline solution to effect co-precipitation of a cobalt-zinc-aluminium composition from the combined solutions, separating of the co-precipitated composition form the combined solutions, heating the composition to form an oxide composition, and optionally reducing at least a portion of the cobalt to cobalt metal. The catalysts may be used for hydrogenation reactions and for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: There is disclosed in embodiments catalysts produced by a two-stage loading of a zeolite carrier with an aqueous solution of a cobalt compound, with drying in an air current after each loading. Methods using the catalysts to produce synfuel are disclosed.

Abstract: An improved skeletal iron catalyst is provided for use in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions for converting CO and H2 to hydrocarbon products. The skeletal iron catalyst is manufactured using iron and a removable non-ferrous component such as aluminum. The iron and removable non-ferrous component are mixed together to form a precursor catalyst and then a portion of the removable non-ferrous component is removed to leave a skeletal iron catalyst. One or more first promoter metals and optionally one or more second promoter metals are incorporated into the skeletal iron catalyst either by blending the promoter into the precursor catalyst during the formation thereof or by depositing the promoter on the skeletal iron. The first promoter metals comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, and platinum-group metals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method to start a steady state process for producing normally gaseous, normally liquid and optionally normally solid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, which method comprises the steps of: (i) providing an activated catalyst in tubes of a fixed bed reactor, preferably a multitubular fixed bed reactor, the catalyst being suitable to convert synthesis gas to normally gaseous, normally liquid and optionally normally solid hydrocarbons; (ii) contacting the activated catalyst with a liquid to obtain a wetted activated catalyst; (iii) contacting the wetted activated catalyst with synthesis gas and catalytically converting the synthesis gas at an elevated temperature and pressure to obtain the normally gaseous, normally liquid and optionally normally solid hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method of producing an alumina-supported catalyst for use in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, which comprises: calcining an initial ?-alumina support material at a temperature of at least 550° C. to produce a modified alumina support material; impregnating the modified alumina support material with a source cobalt; calcining the impregnated support material at a temperature of 700° C. to 1200° C., and activating the catalyst.

Abstract: A composition for use as a catalyst or catalyst precursor for the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons said composition comprises (i) cobalt either as the elemental metal, oxide or a compound thermally decomposable to the elemental metal or oxide and (ii) zinc in the form of the oxide or a compound thermally decomposable to the oxide and (iii) platinum in elemental form or in the form of a compound characterised in that the platinum metal is present in the composition in amount in the range 0.0001 to 1.50% w/w. The compositions show improved activity over a wide temperature range than prior art compositions and also exhibit improved methane selectivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing carbon monoxide from a hydrogenous gas stream by reacting the carbon monoxide with hydrogen to give methane and water in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. In this process, the catalyst is present in the form of a thin-layer catalyst on a support material. The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A composite material comprises: (a) a porous crystalline inorganic oxide material comprising a first framework structure defining a first set of uniformly distributed pores having an average cross-sectional dimension of from 0.3 to less than 2 nanometers and comprising a second framework structure defining a second set of uniformly distributed pores having an average cross-sectional dimension of from 2 to 200 nanometers and (b) a co-catalyst within the second set of pores of the porous crystalline inorganic oxide material (a).

Abstract: Process for conversion of syngas to liquid hydrocarbons using a catalyst composition containing a support and a Fischer-Tropsch metal for the conversion of syngas to liquid hydrocarbons, in which a silylating compound modifier is added to the catalyst composition during catalyst preparation or during a post-treatment stage.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for the synthesis of hydrocarbons based on a synthesis gas type feedstock in which said synthesis gas is brought into contact with a catalyst in a reactor under Fischer-Tropsch synthesis conditions and in which the partial pressure of water is controlled in order to keep it below a critical value ppH2O-limit defined by the formula: ppH2Olimit=exp(?7751/dp·T)·Ps(T) where T is the reaction temperature in K, dp is the average diameter of the catalyst pores in nm, determined by nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BJH method), Ps(T) is the saturating water vapour pressure at temperature T, in bar.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst which can be applied to a method for converting synthesis gas, said catalyst comprising: a) a support made of a solid solution containing at least one first aluminate element with a mixed spinel structure of formula MxM?(1-X)AI2O4/AI203.SiO2, x ranging from 0 to 1 being excluded, or a simple spinel structure of formula MAI2O4/AI2O3 SiO2, wherein the support is calcinated in an at least partially oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature ranging from 850° C. to 900° C., b) an active phase which is deposited on the support which contains one or several metals of group VIII, selected from amongst cobalt, nickel, ruthenium or iron. The catalyst is used in a fixed bed or in a suspension in a triphasic reactor for the synthesis of hydrocarbons from a CO, H2 mixture.

Abstract: This invention relates to a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch (HTFT) hydrocarbon synthesis process comprising the conversion of a feed of H2 and at least one carbon oxide to hydrocarbons containing at least 30% on a mass basis hydrocarbons with five or more carbon atoms (hereinafter referred to as C5+ compounds). The conversion is carried out in the presence of an alkali-promoted iron hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst, and the process is characterised therein that the reaction mixture formed during the conversion contains less than 0.02 mol alkali per 100 g iron, and that the H2:carbon oxide molar ratio in the feed of H2 and carbon oxide is at least 2.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a supported cobalt-containing catalyst having substantially homogenously dispersed, small cobalt crystallites. The method comprises depositing cobalt nitrate on a support and then heating the support in an oxygen-containing, substantially water-free atmosphere to about 160° C. to form an intermediate decomposition product. This intermediate decomposition product is then calcined and reduced.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process of using a catalyst composition for preparing high molecular weight hydrocarbons, such as polymethylene, from a fluid containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide are disclosed. The catalyst composition contains ruthenium and a treated silica support component. The treated silica support component is prepared by a process including contacting a silica support component, such as silicon dioxide, and a treating agent, such as a silicon-containing compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for converting synthesis gas to hydrocarbons, in particular to hydrocarbons in the C5-C60 range particularly suitable for use as liquid motor fuels, in a slurry reactor in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising cobalt and zinc oxide wherein the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is activated with a reducing gas consisting of hydrogen and an inert gas at 330 to 400° C. prior to contact with synthesis gas in the slurry reactor.

Abstract: A process for temporarily interrupting a Fischer-Tropsch type reaction carried out on a feed comprising at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen is carried out in a three-phase reaction zone comprising a liquid phase, a gas phase and solid catalyst particles maintained in suspension, said process comprising a step a) for interrupting the reaction and a step b) for restarting said reaction, during which the solid catalyst particles are maintained in suspension in the reaction zone; a) during the step for interrupting the reaction, supply of the feed is stopped, and a blanket of an inhibiting gas comprising less than 1% by volume of hydrogen and at least 5% by volume of at least one inhibiting compound selected from the group formed by carbon monoxide and water is established; and b) during the reaction restart step, in the reaction zone, a blanket of an activating gas with a hydrogen content of at least 20% by volume is established and supply of the feed is restarted.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided the use of a source of chromium in combination with a precipitated iron catalyst in a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch process to convert CO and H2 to hydrocarbons and possibly oxygenates thereof. In the process CO and H2 are contacted with the source of chromium in combination with the precipitated iron catalyst in a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The invention also relates to the use of a source of chromium in the preparation of a precipitated iron catalyst for use in high temperature Fischer-Tropsch process and to a precipitated iron catalyst suitable for use in a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch process which contains a source of chromium.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing metallic nanoparticles with an anisotropic nature by using two different reducing agents, preferably with different reducing powers, on a source of a metal selected from columns 8, 9 or 10 of the periodic table of the elements.

Abstract: The present invention includes a catalyst structure and method of making the catalyst structure for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis that both rely upon the catalyst structure having a first porous structure with a first pore surface area and a first pore size of at least about 0.1 ?m, preferably from about 10 ?m to about 300 ?m. A porous interfacial layer with a second pore surface area and a second pore size less than the first pore size is placed upon the first pore surface area. Finally, a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium, iron and combinations thereof is placed upon the second pore surface area. Further improvement is achieved by using a microchannel reactor wherein the reaction chamber walls define a microchannel with the catalyst structure placed therein through which pass reactants. The walls may separate the reaction chamber from at least one cooling chamber. The present invention also includes a method of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising particles of a cobalt and zinc co-precipitate, having a volume average particle size of less than 150 ?m. Another aspect of the invention is the use of such a catalyst in a Fischer-Tropsch process. The present invention further relates to a method for preparing a catalyst comprising cobalt and zinc oxide, wherein an acidic solution comprising zinc ions and cobalt ions and a alkaline solution are contacted and the precipitate is isolated.

Abstract: The present invention is a structured monolith reactor and method that provides for controlled Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. The invention controls mass transport limitations leading to higher CO conversion and lower methane selectivity. Over 95 wt % of the total product liquid hydrocarbons obtained from the monolithic catalyst are in the carbon range of C5-C18. The reactor controls readsorption of olefins leading to desired products with a preselected chain length distribution and enhanced overall reaction rate. And, liquid product analysis shows readsorption of olefins is reduced, achieving a narrower FT product distribution.

Abstract: Process for the charging of a catalyst and for the running of a reactor in which reactions take place in multiphase systems, wherein a gaseous phase prevalently consisting of CO and H2 is bubbled into a suspension of a solid in the form of particles (catalyst) in a liquid (prevalently reaction product), according to the Fischer-Tropsch technology.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a catalyst suitable for catalyzing a Fischer-Tropsch reaction, said catalyst comprising cobalt metal supported on zinc-oxide and having the following particle size distribution by volume: <10% having a particle size below 1 micron, 70-99% having a particle size between 1 and 5 micron, and <20% having a particle size above 5 micron.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of a modified supported Fischer-Tropsch catalyst composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytically active composition for the selective methanation of carbon monoxide which comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and cobalt as active component and a support material based on carbon. The invention further provides for the use of this catalytically active composition for the selective methanation of carbon monoxide and in the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications.

Abstract: Provided is a process for oligomerizing n-olefins. The process has the step of reacting (oligomerizing) an amount of one or more n-olefins in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a two or more metal oxides at a temperature effective to effect oligomerization. The two or more metal oxides are represented by the formula MOn/M?On?. M and M?, are, independently, selected from the group consisting of Al, Ce, Fe, P, W, Zr, and combinations thereof. M and M? are different metals or combinations of metals. “n” and “n?” are positive numbers and vary stoichiometrically depending on the valency of M and M?, respectively. Provided is also a process for alkylation of an alkylatable aromatic compound. The process has the step of contacting an amount of one or more n-olefins with an amount of aromatic compound in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of the two or more metal oxides at a temperature effective to effect alkylation of the aromatic compound.

Abstract: Process for the running of a reactor in which reactions take place in multiphase systems, wherein a gaseous phase prevalently consisting of CO and H2 is bubbled into a suspension of a solid in the form of particles (catalyst) in a liquid (prevalently reaction product), according to the Fischer-Tropsch technology.

Abstract: A method for transforming at least a part of the catalyst precursor hematite into ?-carbide (Fe5C2) and ??-carbide (FeC2.2) without a large amount of fines generation. This method slows the transformation of the hematite to iron carbides by reducing the partial pressure of the synthesis gas by inert gas dilution. The activation time is about three to about five hours.

Abstract: A titania catalyst support having a particle size distribution with a first peak at a first particle size and a second peak at a second particle size, wherein the second particle size is at least 50% larger than the first particle size. A method of manufacture is also disclosed. The support and resulting catalyst can be used for catalysing a Fischer-Tropsch reaction.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch process for producing diesel fuel or diesel blending stock with a high cetane number, in a concentration of 65-90 wt % at pressures below 200 psia, using a cobalt catalyst with a rehenium and/or ruthenium promoter. The catalyst is a cobalt catalyst with crystallites having an average diameter greater than 16 nanometers, and the resulting hydrocarbon product after a rough flash, contains less than 10 wt % waxes (>C23).

Abstract: Process for the production of hybrid catalysts formed by mixing two catalysts; one active in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the other being bifunctional. Such hybrid catalyst thus formed is active both in hydrocracking and in hydroisomerisation reactions. The present invention in addition provides obtainment of a hybrid catalyst and application thereof conjointly with FT catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions. The hybrid catalyst of the present invention is capable of producing in conditions typically such as those utilised in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis branched hydrocarbons in diverse bands relating to the products thereof (for example naphtha and diesel), reducing or even eliminating necessity for a subsequent hydrotreatment stage in such synthesis reactions.

Abstract: A process for combing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form liquid fuels such as diesels, and/or waxes, in a single pass fixed bed reactor, at an operation pressure less than 200 psig. The reactor uses a catalyst with a metallic cobalt loading greater than 5% by weight and a rhenium loading of less than 2% by weight, on an alumina support.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst comprising a catalytic metal, preferably cobalt, rhenium or mixtures thereof. The catalytic metal is supported on a support comprising a major amount of titania and a minor amount of cobalt aluminate derived from anatase titania. The support also includes a minor amount of titania derived from a titanium chelate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst which comprises activating a catalyst precursor comprising a cobalt compound and a support with a gas comprising at least 5 mol % of a hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a titania catalyst or a titania catalyst carrier is described. It comprises the steps of: obtaining a wet filtercake of titania, the titania having been made by hydrolysis of a suitable titanium compound, optionally admixing the wet filtercake with one or more catalyst materials, extruding said filtercake or said admixture, and drying and/or calcining the so-formed extrudate. The wet filtercake of titania can be provided from any known route or source or reaction. These include the the wet chloride or sulphate processes. The present invention removes the need for current separate drying and calcination of the titania sulphate product prior to its admixture with a catalyst material. It provides a catalyst with increased strength, which catalyst has also been found to provide greater catalytic activity, especially in C5+ selectivity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for methanation reaction producing methane with high conversion by reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide, or a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, or a gas mixture containing these compounds as the main components. The catalyst is prepared by the steps of mixing (A) aqueous zirconia sol with salts of (B) stabilizing element(s), which is selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ca and Mg, and (C) iron group element(s), drying and calcining the mixture to obtain a catalyst precursor, and subsequent reduction of the precursor. The catalyst comprises, by atomic %, A: 18-70%, B: 1-20% and C: 25-80% based on the elemental states of the metals. The catalyst is characterized by multiple oxide of tetragonal zirconia structure, in which not only the stabilizing element(s) but also a part of the iron group element(s) is incorporated, and on which the iron group element(s) in the metallic state is supported.

Abstract: Gaseous reactants (18) are fed into a slurry bed (14) of solid catalyst particles in a liquid. The reactants react as they pass upwardly through the bed, thereby forming liquid and gaseous products. In a primary filtration stage (30), the liquid product passes through a filtering medium having filtering openings, which have a controlling dimension of x microns, so that large catalyst particles greater than x microns are removed. A primary filtrate containing near-size and fine catalyst particles is subjected to secondary filtration (64) to remove near-size particles. A cake of catalyst particles forms on the filtering medium. The passage of liquid product through the filtering medium is interrupted, and the filtering medium is backflushed by passing secondary filtrate through it in a reverse direction, to dislodge the cake from the filtering medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of a modified supporter Fischer-Tropsch catalyst composition.

Abstract: A system and process to activate, regenerate and use a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst at Fisher-Tropsch vessel reaction temperatures from about 100° C. to about 300° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst body comprising a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst or catalyst precursor and a porous body, said porous body being between 1-50 mm, preferably 1-30 mm in size, the catalyst body having an internal voidage between 50-95%. The invention further relates to a process comprising the steps of: (i) introducing the synthesis gas into the reactor; and (ii) contacting the synthesis gas with a non-stationary catalyst to catalytically convert the synthesis gas at an elevated temperature to obtain the normally gaseous, normally liquid, and optionally normally solid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas; wherein the catalyst of step (ii) is located on a plurality of porous bodies being 1-50 mm in size, preferably 1-30 mm in size, thus forming catalyst bodies, and wherein said catalyst bodies have an external voidage in situ in the reactor between 5-60%, and a porosity within the catalyst bodies between 50-95%.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of olefins from synthesis gas in the presence of at least one Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in a reaction column, wherein the synthesis gas is introduced into the reaction column below a zone A of the reaction column and the olefins formed are taken off below the inlet for the synthesis gas.

Abstract: The invention provide a process for producing directly mixed linear alpha-alcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms from synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, comprising the step of reacting hydrogen and carbon monoxide over a catalyst to produce mixed linear alpha-alcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and hydrocarbons having 1 to 25 carbon atoms through Fischer-Tropsch process in one step in a reactor, wherein: the mole ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is within the range of 1 to 3; the catalyst is an activated carbon supported cobalt based catalyst; the reactor is a fixed bed reactor, a slurry reactor or a fluid reactor; the reaction is carried out under specific conditions.

Abstract: A method of preparing, preferably recycling, a catalyst support material is disclosed and is particularly applicable to recycling a titania support. The invention includes crushing the used catalyst support that is obtained by leaching catalytic components from a used supported catalyst and preferably combining it with new catalyst support in order to provide the required average particle size and ratio of crystal phases. The invention has a number of benefits including making use of used catalyst support materials which have been conventionally disposed of and also providing a method to more efficiently recycle the active component. Where the support is recycled for a similar application, less promoter may be required.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrocarbon synthesis process comprising the conversion of a feed of H2 and at least one carbon oxide to hydrocarbons containing at least 30% on a mass basis hydrocarbons with five or more carbon atoms. The conversion is carried out in the presence of an alkali-promoted iron hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst and an acidic catalyst suitable for converting hydrocarbons. The reaction mixture formed during the conversion contains less than 0.02 mol alkali per 100 g iron and the H2:carbon oxide molar ration in the feed of H2 and carbon oxide is at least 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovering ruthenium from a used ruthenium-comprising catalyst which comprises ruthenium as ruthenium oxide on a support material which is sparingly soluble in mineral acid, which comprises the steps: a) the catalyst comprising ruthenium oxide is treated in a stream of hydrogen, with ruthenium oxide present on the support being reduced to metallic ruthenium; b) the reduced catalyst from step a) comprising metallic ruthenium on the support material is treated with hydrochloric acid in the presence of an oxygen-comprising gas, with the metallic ruthenium present on the support being dissolved as ruthenium(III) chloride and being obtained as ruthenium(III) chloride solution; c) if appropriate, the ruthenium(III) chloride solution from step b) is worked up further.

Abstract: The invention provide a process for producing directly mixed linear alpha-alcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms from synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, comprising the step of reacting hydrogen and carbon monoxide over a catalyst to produce mixed linear alpha-alcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and hydrocarbons having 1 to 25 carbon atoms through Fischer-Tropsch process in one step in a reactor, wherein: the mole ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is within the range of 1 to 3; the catalyst is an activated carbon supported cobalt based catalyst; the reactor is a fixed bed reactor, a slurry reactor or a fluid reactor; the reaction is carried out under specific conditions.

Abstract: The preparation is described of a Fischer-Tropsch catalytic precursor based on cobalt supported on alumina, optionally containing up to 10% by weight of silica, which comprises: a) treatment of the alumina with a silicon compound selected from those having general formula (I) Si(OR)4-nR?n (I) wherein n ranges from 1 to 3 wherein R? is selected from primary hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; wherein R is selected from primary hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; b) drying and subsequent calcination of the modified carrier obtained at the end of step (a) thus obtaining a silanized carrier; c) subsequent deposition of cobalt on the silanized carrier obtained at the end of step (b); d) drying and subsequent calcination of the supported cobalt obtained at the end of step (c) thus obtaining the final catalytic precursor; the above final catalytic precursor having a content of SiO2 deriving from the compound having general formula (I) ranging from 4.5 to 10% by weight.

Abstract: A catalytic process and a nano material for the conversion of moist carbon dioxide into methanol, propyne and oxygen have been developed. In the process invented, hydrogen is produced from water in a catalytic reaction, when the moist carbon dioxide enters into the catalytic reactor, resulting in C—O and H—OH bond breakage at a relatively low temperature and at atmospheric pressure in a single step using a combination of catalytic materials comprising at least three metals dispersed on a catalyst support, preferably anatase form of titanium dioxide, to induce a multifunctional surface chemical reaction for the production of oxygenated products such as hydrocarbons of different chain lengths.