Abstract: This invention relates to a storage-stable solid isocyanate compositions that are substantially crystalline at room temperature comprising the reaction products of organic isocyanates with substoichiometric quantities of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol.This invention further to a method of using the solid isocyanate compositions of the invention in the preparation of polyurethane products.

Abstract: A water absorbent, relatively dimensionally stable foam is formed from a prepolymer prepared from a polyoxyethylene containing diol, a crosslinking agent and a polyisocyanate. The preferred polyisocyanate is methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate). The foam also demonstrates the ability to hold substantial amounts of water, even under pressure, and can be used in various personal and medical care products such as diapers and surgical sponges.

Abstract: A process for producing a high resilience polyurethane foam by reacting a polyol with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst, a blowing agent, and a foam stabilizer; said polyisocyanate containing at least diphenylmethane diisocyanate and/or a mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate with a derivative thereof, the blowing agent being water, or water and a halogenated hydrocarbon in amounts of not less than 2 parts by weight of water and not more than 20 parts by weight of the halogenated hydrocarbon based on 100 parts by weight of the polyol, and the catalyst being at least one selected from the compounds represented by the formula (I) below: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, dimethylaminopropyl, benzyl, vinyl, or hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbons; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, alkyl, benzyl or phenyl; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, or hydroxymethyl.

Abstract: Novel rigid polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foams are disclosed which have fine cell structure, low K-factor, and flame retardance. These foams are prepared by the reaction of a polyisocyanate with heterocyclic nitrogen containing polybeta-hydroxy urethane functional polyols which act as chemically bound flame retardants. Also disclosed are novel modified poly-beta-hydroxyalkyl carbamylalkylated heterocyclic nitrogen containing polyols useful for the formation of rigid foams.

Abstract: A modified organic polyisocyanate is prepared in such a manner that a trimerization catalyst, an organic phosphite estr, and a surfactant, and optionally a ferrocene compound are added to an organic isocyanate and/or a partially urethanized organic polyisocyanate to cause isocyanuration in an extent that not more than 20% by weight of entire isocyanate groups are isocyanurated; and a stopper is added, if necessary.

Abstract: A polycarbonatediol composition is disclosed having carbonate bonds and from about 1 to 40 ether bonds to one carbonate bond in a molecule, which can provide polyurethanes having high mechanical strength and heat and moisture resistibility, and furthermore having improved properties at low temperatures.Further disclosed is a polyurethane resin prepared by reaction of an organic diisocyanate compound with the polycarbonatediol composition. The polyurethane resin has excellent properties under low temperature conditions, while retaining high levels of mechanical strength, excellent resistibility under high heat and moisture conditions, etc., thereby maintaining a good balance of properties. The polyurethane resin in accordance with the present invention is useful in a very wide variety of forms, including spandex, rigid or flexible urethane foams, thermoplastic urethane elastomers and thermosetting urethane elastomers, adhesives, synthetic leather, paints, etc.

Abstract: A test device and method of determining the presence and concentration of proteins in a test sample are disclosed. The test device includes a test pad comprising a new and improved carrier matrix incorporating an indicator reagent composition capable of interacting with proteins to produce a detectable or measurable response. The new and improved carrier matrix of the test pad comprises a film, membrane or layer of a polymerized urethane-based compound, a water insoluble inorganic compound and an insoluble organic compound. The carrier matrix provides improved color resolution and increased sensitivity to proteins in dry phase test strip assays, thereby achieving an accurate and trustworthy protein assay of a liquid test sample, such as urine, having a protein concentration as low as about 5 mg/dL. Also disclosed is a method of making the test device.

Abstract: Packaging materials containing inherently antistatic foams and a method of using the foams are disclosed. The foam used is a polyether polyurethane foam prepared from an isocyanate containing prepolymer which is the reaction product of a oxyethylene containing polyol and a polyisocyanate. The foams show surface resistivity of less than 1.times.10.sup.12 ohms/square and static decay times of about two seconds or less. A preferred foam shows static decay times of 0.1 seconds or less. The packaging includes articles used around static sensitive devices or used to store or transport static sensitive devices.

Abstract: A heat insulator made of shape memory polymer foam which has good moldability and changes greatly in elastic modulus above and below its glass transition point, and a heat insulator as mentioned above in which the polymer foam is polyurethane produced by prepolymer process from a composition containing a blowing agent, said composition being composed of a difunctional diisocyanate, a difunctional polyol, and a difunctional chain extender containing active hydrogen in a molar ratio of 2.00-1.10:1.00:1.00-0.10, said polyurethane containing approximately equal amounts of NCO groups and OH groups at the terminals of the molecular chains and having a glass transition point of -50.degree. to 60.degree. C. and crystallinity of 3 to 50 wt %.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation of flexible polyester polyurethane foam by reaction of at least difunctional polyesterols with at least difunctional organic isocyanates in the presence of catalysts and a stabilizer mixture of organic and organosilicon compounds, water, optionally blowing agents and optionally conventional additives, wherein the stabilizer mixture used comprisesa) a (meth)allyl polyoxyalkylene ether polymer or its copolymer with vinyl monomers andb) a polyoxyethylene-polysiloxane block copolymer,in a ratio by weight of a:b of 1:9 to 9:1. The polyester foam obtained are open celled to a high degree and have an excellent die-cuttability.

Abstract: Polyurethane/urea foams are derived from prepolymers having branched chain linked isocyanate end groups and components containing isocyanate reactive imino/enamino-functional compounds.

Abstract: Polyisocyanate compositions comprising:(a) from 90 to 50% by weight of the reaction product between an organic diisocyanate and a polyether-polyol of functionality of at least 2, and wherein said reaction product has a content of free NCO radicals within the range of from 26.5 to 33% by weight; and(b) from 10 to 50% by weight of polymethylene-polyphenyl-polyisocyanates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of elastic, compact or cellular moldings based on elastomers containing N-substituted urea and amide groups in bound form, by reactinga) one or more organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanate withb) a polyazomethine-containing polyoxyalkylene-polyamine mixture (b) which contains:bi) one or more polyoxyalkylene-polyaldimine and/or polyketimine,bii) one or more polyoxyalkylene-polyamine containing terminal secondary amino groups, and, if desired,biii) one or more polyoxyalkylene-polyamine containing terminal primary amino groups andc) one or more alkyl-substituted aromatic polyamine having a molcular weight of up to 500, in the presence or absence ofd) catalyst, and, if appropriate,e) blowing agents,f) auxiliaries and/org) additives,to polyazomethine containing polyoxyalkylene - polyamine mixtures which can be used for this purpose and to the prepared elastomers.

Abstract: A polyurea elastomer is disclosed. The elastomer includes an isocyanate, an amine terminated polyoxyalkylene polyol, and a chain extender. The isocyanate is preferably a quasi-prepolymer of an isocyanate and a material selected from at least one polyol, a high molecular weight polyoxyalkyleneamine or a combination thereof. The chain extender includes a minor amount of a tetraalkylpiperazine and a major amount of diethyltoluenediamine. A one-step method of making the tetraalkylpiperazine and tetraalkylpiperazinone is also disclosed. The method includes reacting a 2-amino-2-alkyl-1-alkanol in the presence of a nickel-iron-copper-manganese catalyst.

Abstract: An electrically conductive flexible polyurethane foam having fine and homogeneous cells, being low in swelling by water and superior in dimensional stability can be prepared by mixing an isocyanate terminated urethane prepolymer holding isocyanate monomers therein prepared by reacting polyether polyol(s) holding poly(oxypropylene) chains and not more than 30 weight % of poly(oxyethylene) chains therein with a stoichiometrically excessive amount of an isocyanate component with an aqueous dispersion of electrically conductive carbon particles containing water in excess of the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with the isocyanate monomers in the urethane prepolymer and foaming the mixture in a closed mold having a capacity smaller than the volume of a foam which can be obtained by conducting the foaming of the said mixture of the urethane prepolymer and the aqueous dispersion of electrically conductive carbon particles freely under atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of foam-containing polyurethane (urea) masses comprising reacting an isocyanate prepolymer containing cation groups with water in the presence of fillers. The isocyanate prepolymer is prepared by first i) reacting a polyisocyanate with a first polyol which contains partly or completely quaternized tertiary nitrogen, said polyol being prepared by reacting a tertiary amine containing compound with from 3 to 8 moles of propylene oxide per mol of nitrogen to thereby form a semi-isocyanate prepolymer and then ii) reacting said semi-isocyanate prepolymer with a second polyol different from said first polyol, to form said isocyanate prepolymer.

Abstract: Flame retardant polyurethane foams are produced by mixing and reacting a polyol, a low molecular weight compound with 1 or more active hydrogen, an organic polyisocyanate and an acidic boron compound in the presence of an organo-metal urethane catalyst.The flame-retardant polyurethane foam may be used for thermal and sound insulation, for cushioning and for molding useful objects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid isocyanate-containing prepolymer composition having an average isocyanate functionality greater than 2 and an NCO content of from 2 to 15% by weight, as obtainable by reacting an isocyanate reactive polymer having an average nominal functionality of from 2 to 6 with a stoichiometric excess of a diphenylmethane diisocyanate composition containing at least 2% by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and having an average isocyanate functionality in the range from 2 to 2.3. The invention also relates to a method for preparing a polyurethane foam, which comprises reacting such a prepolymer composition with water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing polyurethane urea elastomers by reacting (a) compounds containing at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and having a molecular weight in the range from about 400 to about 10,000; (b) polyisocyanates; and (c) aromatic diamines corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen or alkyl.

Abstract: Rigid cellular polymers are made by reacting an isocyanate-terminated quasi-prepolymer with a polyol component comprising a polyester polyol having a free glycol content of less than about 7 percent by weight of the polyester polyol in the presence of a blowing agent. The combined use of the quasi-prepolymer and the polyester polyol enhances the thermal insulating properties of the foams.

Abstract: A new membrane for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from mixtures of said aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons has been prepared comprising a highly aromatic polyurethane membrane. These highly aromatic polyurea/urethane membranes are symmetric, dense film membranes made from the corresponding polyurea/urethane copolymers by standard membrane casting techniques. The polyurea/urethane copolymers are produced by reacting dihydroxy or polyhydroxy compounds, such as polyethers or polyesters having molecular weights in the range of about 500 to 5000 with aliphatic, alkylaromatic or aromatic diisocyanates or polyisocyanates and low molecular weight chain extenders, such as diamines, polyamines or amino alcohols.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of cold-setting flexible polyurethane foam useful for damping sound comprising reacting a polyisocyanate in the presence of water with (a) at least one polyether having an OH number of from 20 to 60 and containing at least two OH groups, wherein said polyether is based on 75 to 95% by weight propylene oxide and 5 to 25% by weight ethylene oxide; (b) a polyether or polyester having an OH number of from 150 to 400 and containing at least two OH groups; and (c) a polyether different from components (a) and (b) having an OH number of from 20 to 200 and containing at least two OH groups, wherein said polyether is based on propylene oxide and ethylene oxide and has an ethylene oxide content above 50% by weight based on the total amount of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a urethane polymer composition which contains:an .alpha., .omega.-diol oligomeran isocyanate,a chain extender diol, andan emulsifying agent which is the product of reaction between:(a) an .alpha., .omega.-diol oligomer whose structure is identical or close in polarity to that of the above .alpha., .omega.-diol oligomer,(b) a diisocyanate, and optionally(c) a chain extender of the diol or monoalcohol type, such as a monofunctional polyethylene oxide.It also relates to a process for the preparation of articles from this composition and to the molded articles thus obtained.

Abstract: A shape memory polymer foam which takes on a deformed shape and an as-molded shaped, said deformed shape being produced when the polymer foam is compressed at a temperature higher than the glass transition point (Tg) of the polymer and then kept compressed at a temperature lower than the Tg until compression sets, said as-molded shape being produced when the compressed polymer foam is heated again to a temperature higher than the Tg until it recovers its original shape.

Abstract: Substantially water blown flexible polyurethane foams, based on methylene diphenyl isocyanates, having a density ranging from 15-45 kg/m.sup.3. Such foams may be obtained through a process substantially avoiding halocarbon blowing agents, which comprises reacting methylene diphenyl isocyanates with water and one or more isocyanate-reactive compounds selected from polyols and polyamines with a functionality of 2-4 and an average equivalent weight ranging from 750-5000, while the isocyanate index ranges from 10 to 60, and weight ratio of the isocyanate-reactive compound(s) to water is less than 20.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of producing particulate polymers. This production method is characterized in that a mixture of an isocyanate compound containing two or more isocyanato groups per molecule and a surfactant containing two or more hydroxyl groups per molecule is emulsified and allowed to cure in a dispersing medium which does not dissolve the isocyanate compound without use of a protective colloid. According to the production method of the invention, there occurs no aggregation of polymer particles during and after the curing reaction.

Abstract: A rigid polyurethane foam produced by reacting a special polyol component with an isocyanate component in the presence of a blowing agent containing water in an amount of 2 to 3.5% by weight per 100% by weight of the polyol component is excellent in fluidity with balanced excellent properties.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a reactive mixture for use in preparing a flexible polyurethane foam and to the foams produced therefrom. The reactive mixture broadly comprises an isocyanate reactive composition comprising:A) from more than 0 up to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of components B) and C) of an amine of the formula:H.sub.2 N--R--NH.sub.2where R is a C.sub.3 to C.sub.10 straight or branched alkylene group or a C.sub.4 to C.sub.15 alicyclic group,B) from more than 0 up to 40% by weight of a relatively high molecular weight compound containing at least two aromatically bound primary amine groups, andC) from 60 to less than 100% by weight of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of from 2 to 3 and molecular weights of from about 1000 to about 10,000, the percents by weight of component B) and component C) totalling 100%.

Abstract: Chain-lengthening agents based on chlorinated 4,4'-methylenebisanilines for p-phenylene-methylenediisocyanate prepolymer are used for the preparation of cast polyurethane elastomers.

Abstract: The addition to urethane prepolymers of low molecular weight polymers formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers which do not contain active hydrogen provides a hot melt adhesive which can be readily coated at a viscosity of 3000 to 50,000 cps. at 120.degree.C. without the need for additional tackifiers or plasticizers and which has improved initial cohesive strength as well as improved strength after aging of the cured bond. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized in the non-isocyanate containing components of the isocyanate terminated prepolymer.

Abstract: Skin friendly pressure sensitive adhesives in the form of inherently tacky polyurethane-containing gells may be prepared by reacting an isocyanate prepolymer, which is itself the reaction product of poly-functional isocyanate and polyoxyalkylene diol monoalkyl ether, with a hydroxyl-containing ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid and optionally other hydroxyl containing compounds and then cross-linking the polymer so formed by means of irradiation. The proportion of acrylate chosen is such that it will react with at least 15 to 25% of the free isocyanate groups in the prepolymer and the remainder react with the other hydroxyl containing compound. The adhesives are capable of absorbing up to 95%, typically from 35 to 95% by weight of water when hydrated. The use of the adhesive in highly moisture vapor permeable dressings is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the discovery that relatively long chain polyols, which are typically used to produce flexible foams, can be used to produced closed cell rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Polyether polyols having an equivalent weight of from about 200 to about 5000 are prepared by the process of this invention. The process uses barium- or strontium-containing alkoxylation catalysts to provide products with reduced unsaturation in comparison to similar products produced with potassium hydroxide catalysis. The use of these catalysts also increases the capping efficiency with ethylene oxide to provide products with a higher primary hydroxyl content for the same weight percentage of ethylene oxide cap.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are prepared from poly(propylene oxide) polymers having low levels of monofunctional impurities. The resulting foam has improved processing characteristics and compression set.

Abstract: Disclosed are rigid cellular polyurethanes prepared by bringing together under foam forming conditions an aromatic polyisocyanate and a polyhydric combination comprising a major proportion of a crude polyester polyol and minor proportion of a cross-linking polyol. This selection of particular ingredients gives rise to foams having extremely low initial insulation K factor values.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to isocyanate terminated prepolymers prepared from polyetheresters and isocyanates, and to the process of making elastomers and elastomers so produced.

Abstract: An integral skin polyurethane steering wheel is prepared by reacting (a) a mixture of a graft polymer dispersion in a polyol or a polyol mixture (b) an organic polyisocyanate selected from the group consisting of an isocyanate prepolymer prepared by reacting 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate with a mixture of dipropylene glycol and a polyoxypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 420, a polymeric polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate containing about 55 weight percent diphenylmethane diisocyanate, a 1:1 mixture of 2,4'and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and mixtures thereof, (c) a blowing agent, (d) a chain extender, and (e) a catalyst, surfactant and optionally flame retardants, fillers U.V. adsorbers and other additives.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an isocyanate blend having an isocyanate group content of from about 16 to about 25% by weight and consisting essentially of:(A) a modified isocyanate having an isocyanate group content of from about 18 to about 25% by weight and prepared by reacting 1 mole of methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) with from about 0.1 to about 0.

Abstract: A new polyurethane as well as a process for preparing same is disclosed. The new polyurethane contains therein a hard segment derived from at least one polyhydroxy substance selected from the group consisting of cellulosic substances, hemi-cellulosic substances and lignic substances, and is excellent in mechanical and thermal characteristics as compared with the existing polyurethanes. The new polyurethane can be prepared according to a method known per se, using the polyhydroxy substance alone or in mixture with a polyol compound as reactants to be polycondensed with a polyisocyanate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of optionally cellular, polyurea elastomer moldings by reacting a mixture containing(I) a polyisocyanate component having an isocyanate content of about 10 to 30% by weight which comprises an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate with a non-fatty, hydroxy polyester having a hydroxyl functionality of 1 to 4 and a molecular weight of about 500 to 4000, provided that if the hydroxy polyester is based on an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is a non-fatty monocarboxylic acid containing less than 12 carbon atoms,(II) a polyether having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and a molecular weight of 1800 to 12,000 in which at least 50% of the isocyanate-reactive groups are primary and/or secondary amino groups, and(III) about 5 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of component (II) of a chain extender comprising a sterically hindered aromatic diamine,the reaction mixture being process

Abstract: An elastomer which is the reaction product of:(a) at least one organic polyisocyanate;(b) at least one compound containing a plurality of isocyanate-reactive groups and having a molecular weight greater than 600, and(c) at least one chain extender having a molecular weight not exceeding 600,wherein at least one of components (a) and (b) is or includes a compound having a molecular weight greater than 600 and at least two reactive sites, at least one of which sites contains at least two isocyanate or isocyanate-reactive groups which are separated one from another by a chain of from 2 to 30 atoms and from the reactive groups in other reactive sites by a chain of more than 30 atoms.

Abstract: Novel aromatic diamines which are useful as chain extenders for urethane and urea polymers are compounds corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein two of the R, R', and R" substituents are alkyl groups containing 1-6 carbons and the other substituent is a hydrocarbylthio group containing 1-6 carbons.

Abstract: Polyisocyanate composition comprising:(A) 30-45% by weight of disphenylmethane diisocyanates;(B) 28-67% by weight of polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanates having more than two free isocyanate groups in the molecule; and(C) 3-27% by weight of a prepolymer from a diphenylmethane diisocyanate and a compound containing at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and having a molecular weight below 1000; the % by weight being calculated on the total amount of (A), (B) and (C) present in the composition; the number average isocyanate functionality of the composition being at least 2.3.The compositions show improved miscibility with rigid foam polyols resulting in processing benefits. Foams made from these compositions exhibit smaller cell size and lower thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A liquid prepolymer composition is disclosed which contains free isocyanate groups which is the reaction product of a stoichiometric excess of a polyisocyanate and an active hydrogen-containing compound which contains an internal rigid polyaromatic grouping. Polyurethane and/or polyurea polymers made from these prepolymer compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to liquid urethane-modified polyisocyanate compositions obtained by reaction of polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate mixtures of the diphenylmethane series containing from about 50 to about 100% by weight diisocyanatodiphenylmethane isomers with substoichiometric quantities of polyether polyol compositions having an average hydroxyl equivalent weight of about 500 to 3000 and an average hydroxyl functionality greater than about 4, optionally followed by mixing the initially formed reaction product with urethane-free polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate mixtures of the diphenylmethane series containing from about 40 to about 100% by weight diisocyanatodiphenylmethane isomers. This invention also relates to a process for the preparation of such polyisocyanate compositions. The invention further relates to the use of such compositions as the polyisocyanate component in the production of flexible polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A class of modified hydrophilic prepolymers and polymers is disclosed which are characterized by their specific reactivity. Isocyanate-capped oxyethylene-based prepolymers are modified by reacting with a compound having an isocyanate-reactive group which is a sulfhydryl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, and a non-isocyanate-reactive group, in quantities sufficient to modify at least a portion of the isocyanate groups of the prepolymer. Where said first functional group is an amino group contained in a diamine or polyamine compound or is a carboxyl group, the modifying compound is present in quantities sufficient to modify all or substantially all of the isocyanate groups of the prepolymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyisocyanate-based polymers prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate with a polyol composition containing a polyester polyol and a poly(alkylene carbonate) polyol. The presence of the poly(alkylene carbonate) polyol improves the semi-conductive properties of the polymer without requiring the use of semi-conductive fillers or ionizable salts.

Abstract: Polyurethanes are produced from compositions comprising at least one relatively high equivalent weight component and at least one chain extender selected from the group consisting of heterocyclic diamines, diaromatic disulfides, alkyl ethers of halogen-substituted aromatic diamines, polysubstituted alkyl diamines and alkyl acid esters of halogen-substituted diamino phenols of designated structures. Polyurethanes having high thermal stability, high tear strength and high modulus are produced.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are prepared using certain high molecular weight, high functionality poly(oxyethylene) compounds as cell openers and softeners. These high functionality polyether polyols have been found to be very effective in opening the cells of the foam, even when used in making foams based on PIPA polyols, which are notoriously closed-celled. They are also quite effective in softening foams made using MDI-based polyisocyanates.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams produced by reacting a polyol component having a special composition with an isocyanate component in the presence of a blowing agent, a reaction catalyst and a foam stabilizer with a mold release time of as short as 5.5 minutes or less, have remarkably low thermal conductivity of 12.5.times.10.sup.-3 Kcal/m.hr..degree.C. or less and a low density and are suitable as heat insulating materials for refrigerators and the like.