Abstract: A polyol resin substantially free of epoxy groups is useful as a coating material and is prepared by(i) reacting a bisphenol epoxy resin with a compound having one active hydrogen per molecule and optionally a bisphenol to form a polyol resin having secondary hydroxyl groups, and(ii) esterifying part of the secondary hydroxyl groups with a lactone or a monocarboxylic acid (ester) to form a polyol resin with graft-polymerized polyester moieties.

Abstract: A coverlay film, which is used for protection of a flexible printed circuit board, is provided by the invention as being imparted with improved adhesiveness, heat-resistance against molten solder alloy, punching workability and other properties. The inventive coverlay film is characterized by the novel and unique formulation of the adhesive to form an adhesive layer on one surface of a substrate plastic, e.g., polyimide, film. The adhesive is formulated with an epoxy resin, carboxylated nitrile rubber, curing agent for the epoxy resin, curing accelerator and fine inorganic powder each of a specified type and in a specified weight proportion.

Abstract: Polymeric reaction products useful as additions to electrocoating baths are obtainable fromA. a polyoxyalkylene which has an average molecular weight M.sub.n of from 140 to 10,000 and contains on average from 1.5 to 3.0 primary and/or secondary amino groups andB. a polymer which is based on a conjugated diene, has an average molecular weight M.sub.n of from 250 to 50,000, contains on average from 1.5 to 3.0 epoxy groups per molecule and is obtainable by reacting a hydroxyl- or carboxyl-containing polymer with a glycidyl compound.

Abstract: Thermosetting powder coating compositions and their method of application to substrates primed with an electrodeposited coating are disclosed. The powder coating composition comprises a solid particulated mixture of a polyepoxide and an elastomer-modified phenolic compound which is a reaction product of an epoxy resin, a functionalized elastomer and a phenolic compound. The use of the elastomer-modified phenolic composition permits the preparation of low viscosity, stable powder coating formulations for chip-resistant coatings.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polymer which is the reaction product of(A) at least one copolymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene/unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers and ionically crosslinked products thereof wherein the ion is a zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, lead or magnesium ion,(B) a polyamine compound having at least two primary and/or secondary amino groups, and(C) a polyepoxy resin in a proportion corresponding to not more than one epoxy group for one amino group of the polyamine compound; and a process for its production.

Abstract: Powder coating compositions are provided including a thermosetting or thermoplastic particulate resinous material and as a flow modifier, a copolymer of maleic anhydride or a substituted maleic anhydride and a copolymerizable material selected from among cycloalkenes and aliphatic olefins, with said copolymer optionally chemically modified with a primary amine or alcohol. Such flow modifiers can provide the cured coating with recoat adhesion and crater control.

Abstract: Epoxy resins containing epoxidized polybutenes and a process for preparing them are disclosed. The cured epoxy resin containing epoxidized polybutene is useful as a coating or a composite and demonstrates improved flexibility and ductility and improved chemical and water resistance with no loss in heat deflection temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to powder coating compositions which are solid below 3O.degree. C. and contain a mixture ofA) a copolymer component which is solid below 3O.degree. C. and contains at least one copolymer containing both cyclic carboxylic anhydride groups and hydroxyl groups,B) a polyepoxide component which contains at least one polyepoxide containing at least two epoxide groups per molecule.

Abstract: A cationic electrodeposition paint composition suitable for a wheel of an automotive vehicle. The paint composition contains an amine-modified epoxy resin and a blocked isocyanate as main components. The paint composition further contains a nonionic emulsified and dispersed type acrylic resin within a range from 6 to 30% by weight in resinous solid content relative to the total resin content of the paint composition, a colloidal silica-containing gelled particulate within a range from 10 to 30 PHR in solid content in paint composition, and an alkyltin ester compound of an aliphatic carboxylic acid within a range from 0.1 to 10 PHR in solid content in the paint composition, thereby improving corrosion resistance of an edge portion of the wheel and a weatherability of a paint film coated on the surface of the steel plate of the wheel.

Abstract: A process for preparing a crosslinked epoxy resin composition which comprises contacting, at ambient temperature, in the absence of a bicyclic amidine:a) 5-80% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a chlorosulfonated olefin polymer having a chlorine content of about 20-60% by weight and a sulfur content of about 0.5-10% by weight; withb) 5-90% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a polyamine wherein the equivalent ratio of the polyamine to sulfur in the chlorosulfonated olefin polymer is greater than 1:1 and the polyamine has an equivalent weight up to 5,000; and withc) at least 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of an epoxy resin prepolymer.

Abstract: The invention deals with a processing aid for polymeric compositions. The processing aid is a terpolymer comprising 10-49% by weight of a vinyl aromatic monomer like styrene, 5-35% by weight of an acrylic nitrile, like acrylonitrile and 21-60% by weight of an alkylacrylate or alkylmethacrylate with a viscosity number of more than four as measured in dimethylformamide at 30.degree. C. at a concentration of 100 mg terpolymer per 100 ml dimethylformamide.

Abstract: Novel thermally stable bisimido/allylaniline polymers and prepolymers, well adopted for the production of prepregs and reinforced and impregnated composite shaped articles, comprise the copolymerizates of (a) at least one N,N'-bisimide, with (b) at least one hindered p-allylaniline, optionally in the presence of (c) an organic peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile or an imidazole, (d) a vinylpyridine, N-vinylpyrrolidone, allyl isocyanurate, vinyltetrahydrofuran, or mixture thereof, (e) at least one diprimary diamine, and/or (f) an unhalogenated or chlorinated/brominated epoxy resin or N,N'-alkylenebistetrahalophthalimide, or particular (meth)acrylate or alkenylphenol.

Abstract: Curing agents for epoxy resins composed of (a) the reaction product of a co-reactant comprising either an epichlorohydrin (co) polymer or a (co)polymer of a chlorovinyl acetate, chloroalkyl acrylate with an organic amino compound containing at least one active hydrogen and having a pK.sub.B value within the range of from about 7 to about 9, preferably imidazole and substituted imidazoles; (b) an N-fatty imidazole and (a); (c) an N-fatty imidazole and an elastomeric polymer are disclosed. The curing agents are essentially water insoluble and give rise to epoxy resins which may be cured at relatively low temperatures below about 100.degree. C. The epoxy resins are suitable for use as adhesives, coatings and in composite applications.

Abstract: A two-phase cathodic electrocoat is obtainable by coating an electrically conducting substrate with a mixture containingA) an aqueous cationic dispersion of a polycondensation or polyaddition product,B) an aqueous cationic dispersion of a polycondensation or polyaddition product having a glass transition temperature of from -80.degree. to 20.degree. C., the polymers of dispersions (A) and (B) being mutually incompatible, and C) optionally a crosslinking agent, a pigment paste, auxiliaries and/or additives, and then baking.

Abstract: In an adhesive for printed circuit boards, whose main components are an epoxy resin and a polymer rubber, the improvement wherein the polymer rubber is a hydrogenated conjugated diene polymer rubber having not more than 100 ppm of metal content, not more than 100 ppm of ion content as determined by ion chromatography, and an iodine value of not more than 120, the ratio by weight of the hydrogenated conjugated diene polymer rubber to the epoxy resin in the adhesive being 35-75 weight % to 65-25 weight %.

Abstract: In an adhesive for printed circuit boards, whose main components are an epoxy resin and a polymer rubber, the improvement wherein the polymer rubber is a hydrogenated conjugated diene polymer rubber having not more than 100 ppm of metal content, not more than 100 ppm of ion content as determined by ion chromatography, and an iodine value of not more than 120.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for preparing a sealant and adhesive useful, e.g., in double glazing systems. The sealant comprises 20-80 weight percent epoxidized natural rubber, 5-30 weight percent of at least one further epoxy compound, and, as a crosslinking agent, a polyamine or polymercaptan carrying trialkoxysilyl groups. The crosslinking agent is incorporated into the epoxidized natural rubber in one step.

Abstract: Curable epoxy resins are toughened with statistical monofunctional carboxyl, amine or epoxy-terminated reactive polymers and have low viscosities before cure thereby making them useful in a wide range of applications. The cured epoxy resin systems which are modified by the statistical monofunctional reactive polymers have physical properties, such as adhesion and elongation, generally equal to or better than those of cured epoxy resin systems modified with statistical difunctional reactive polymers. A process of preparation of the modified epoxy resin systems of the present invention includes admixing an epoxy resin with a statistical monofunctional carboxyl, amine, or epoxy-terminated reactive polymer in the presence of a curing agent and reaction therewith to form the toughened, cured epoxy resin system.

Abstract: Imidazoline compounds of formula ##STR1## where n denotes 2 or 3, is suitable as cure accelerator in curable epoxide resin compositions comprising a latent curing agent.

Abstract: Epoxy resin formulations having improved storage stability comprising epoxys selected from the group consisting of polyglcidyl ethers of polycyclic bridged hydroxy-substituted polyaromatic compounds and N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-bis(4-amino-3-ethylphenyl) methane with from about 6 to about 150 pbw, per hundred parts by weight of the epoxy resin components, of a solid aromatic diamine hardener insoluble in said composition at room temperature in an amount effective to cure said epoxy resin.

Abstract: Curable epoxy resins are toughened with statistical monofunctional carboxyl, amine or epoxy terminated reactive polymers and have low viscosities before cure thereby making them useful in a wide range of applications. The cured epoxy resin systems which are modified by the statistical monofunctional reactive polymers have physical properties, such as adhesion and elongation, generally equal to or better than those of cured epoxy resin systems modified with statistical difunctional reactive polymers. A process of preparation for the modified epoxy resin systems of the present invention includes admixing an epoxy resin with a statistical monofunctional carboxyl, amine, or epoxy-terminated reactive polymer in the presence of a curing agent and reaction therewith to form the toughened, cured epoxy resin system.

Abstract: Curable compositions containingA) an epoxy resin having on average more than one epoxy group per molecule,B) a carboxylic anhydride curing agent for component A) andC) about 5 to 40% by weight, relative to the amount of the components A), B) and C), of a liquid mixture of C1) a polyalkylene glycol based on polypropylene glycol or polybutylene glycol having two to about six hydroxyl, carboxyl, carboxylic anhydride or glycidyl end groups and of C2) an elastomeric copolymer based on butadiene, a polar, ethylenically unsaturated comonomer and, if appropriate, further ethylenically unsaturated comonomers having carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, mercapto or glycidyl ether end groups are described. Components C1) and C2) can also occur together in a segmented copolymer.

Abstract: A composition suitable for use as a coating composition depositable by cationic electrodeposition which has improved edge protection capability containing, in addition to the conventional ingredients used in compositions for cationic electrocoat, such as an aqueous cationic resin, micro-resin particles of a size sufficient to be water dispersible which particles comprise an internally crosslinked polymer of (A) an active hydrogen containing monomer and (B) a monomer containing at least two active double bonds, which polymer further contains a cationic group in sufficient proportion to allow the micro-resin particle to be water dispersed.

Abstract: A powder coating composition comprises a component (A) containing carboxylic acid or anhydride functionality and a component (B) containing hydroxy functionality. The components (A) and (B) are both solids at temperatures up to 50.degree. C. and at least one of them is a synthetic resin having a glass transition temperature in the range 0.degree. to 120.degree. C. The carboxylic acid or anhydride-functional component (A) is a compound or polymer containing at least two cyclic carboxylic anhydride groups per molecule or is a compound containing a moiety of the formula: ##STR1## where X is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or a cyclic anhydride thereof. The hydroxy-functional component (B) contains at least two hydroxy groups per molecule and contains at least one amine group in its molecule to catalyze the reaction of the carboxylic acid or anhydride groups of component (A) with the hydroxy groups of component (B).

Abstract: AmBifunctional reactive diluent are provided for use in the preparation of high solids coatings. The diluents are of a structural configuration that they do not disturb a coating composition's stoichiometric ratio of nucleophilic and electrophilic groups. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of high solids coatings which utilizes the diluents.

Abstract: A coating composition useful for a finish for automobiles and trucks in which the film forming binder contains reactive binder components of about(a) 25-90% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of an acrylic polymer having at least two reactive anhydride groups composed of polymerized monomers of an ethylenically unsaturated anhydride and polymerized monomers from the group consisting of alkyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate and any mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl groups have 1-8 carbon atoms and the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of about 2,000-50,000;(b) 5-50% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a glycidyl component having at least two reactive glycidyl groups;(c) 5-50% by weight, based on the weight of the binder of an acid functional monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric compound which may or may not contain hydroxyl functionality; andthe composition contains about 0.1-5% by weight; based on the weight of the binder, of a catalyst.

Abstract: A method and composition for providing a polymeric membrane in situ for isolating vessels which hold hazardous liquid materials. A liquid polymer composition is applied to at least one of the surfaces defining the area which is to hold the liquid hazardous material. Upon cure, a seamless bladder-like membrane is formed which adheres to the surface, and which can be removed by physically peeling from the surface to which it has been applied. The membrane possesses a unique combination of properties which are substantially maintained while in contact with the hazardous material. The polymeric membrane provides, for an extended period of time, an impermeable barrier which acts as a secondary sealant and prevents the spread, deposition, or migration of contaminants.

Abstract: Fiber reinforced composite structures based on epoxy resin formulations having a phase-separated or multiphase morphology when cured are effectively toughened by adding preformed carboxylated rubber particles to the matrix resin prior to curing the composite.

Abstract: A cationic electrodeposition coating composition comprising[A] a neutralization product or a quaternary ammonium salt of a comb-shaped copolymer obtained by copolymerizing (a) 3 to 90 parts by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a hydrocarbon chain with at least 8 carbon atoms at the molecular ends, (b) 1 to 50 parts by weight of at least one cationic (meth)acrylic monomer selected from the group consisting of aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates, aminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides (meth)acrylates containing a quaternary ammonium salt group and (meth)acrylamides containing a quaternary ammonium salt group, (c) 1 to 60 parts by weight of an alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than the monomer (b), and (d) 0 to 95 parts by weight of an alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than the monomers (a), (b) and (c),[B] a cationic epoxy resin capable of being dissolved or dispersed in water, and[C] a pigment.

Abstract: Epoxy resins containing epoxidized polybutenes and a process for preparing them are disclosed. The cured epoxy resin containing epoxidized polybutene demonstrates improved flexibility and ductility and improved chemical and water resistance with no loss in heat deflection temperature.

Abstract: A resin composition especially suited to the resin transfer molding and wet filament winding processes is composed of epoxide compounds and one or more aromatic amine hardeners wherein the blend of epoxide compounds is (i) a diglycidyl ether of the reaction product of a bisphenol and a blend of (a) a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A other than that of (i) and (b) a halohydrin having about two epoxy groups per molecule, (ii) a copolymer of ethyl hexyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate and (iii) a neopentyl glycol digylcidyl ether. This composition has a low viscosity, and when cured, exhibits high toughness and mechanical strengths useful in making high performance composites.

Abstract: The use of a blend of diaminoisopropylbenzene (DAIPB) and an amine terminated butadiene nitrile liquid rubber (ATBN) for curing epoxy resins is provided. The DAIPB/ATBN blend produces a rubber toughened epoxy resin having improved tensile properties.

Abstract: A multifunctional coating composition comprising a fluorocarbon polymer, an epoxy resin and a fluorinated curing agent resulting in a fluorinated epoxy resin network with improved properties of corrosion resistance and hydrophobicity.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions containing A) a liquid copolymer based on butadiene and at least one polar, ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, and B) a polyether prepolymer capped with hydroxyarylcarboxylic or hydroxyaralkylcarboxylic acids, or a capped polyester, polythioester or polyamide containing polyether segments. The phenolic hydroxyl group in component B) can also be etherified with epichlorohydrin and this product can be converted to an episulfide, if desired, or the phenolic hydroxyl group can be reacted with cyanogen halide to form a cyanate group.The stock compositions can be used in combination with epoxy resins to manufacture structural adhesives or sealing compounds.

Abstract: The adhesive properties of a hot melt adhesive, comprising a base polymer and a tackifying resin, can be improved by introducing into the hot melt adhesive an epoxy adduct comprising the reaction product between a compound such as a polymer having at least one active hydrogen and an epoxy compound.

Abstract: A coating composition useful for a finish for automobiles and trucks in which the film forming binder contains reactive binder components of about(a) 25-90% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of an acrylic polymer having at least two reactive anhydride groups composed of polymerized monomers of an ethylenically unsaturated anhydride and polymerized monomers from the group consisting of alkyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate and any mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl groups have 1-8 carbon atoms and the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of about 2,000-50,000;(b) 5-50% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a glycidyl component having at least two reactive glycidyl groups; and(c) 0.1-7% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a phosphonium catalyst or a blend of a phosphonium catalyst and a tertiary amine catalyst which may or may not contain hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A coating composition useful for a finish for automobiles and trucks in which the film forming binder contains reactive binder components of about(a) 25-90% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of an acrylic polymer having at least two reactive anhydride groups composed of polymerized monomers of an ethylenically unsaturated anhydride and polymerized monomers from the group consisting of alkyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate and any mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl groups have 1-8 carbon atoms and the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of about 2,000-50,000;5-50% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a glycidyl component having at least two reactive glycidyl groups;5-50% by weight, based on weight of the binder, of a polymeric component containing multiple hydroxy groups; andthe composition contains about 0.1-5% by weight; based on the weight of the binder, of a catalyst.

Abstract: Polymeric reaction products which become water-thinnable on protonation with an acid and are suitable for use in the form of aqueous dispersions as additives in electrocoating baths are formed fromA. a butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer which contains primary and/or secondary amino groups andB. an epoxy compound having an average molecular weight of from 140 to 10,000 and containing on average from 1.5 to 3 epoxy groups per molecule,the amount of (A) being such that 1.05 moles or more of primary and/or secondary amino groups of component (A) are present per mole of epoxy groups of component (B).

Abstract: Fibrous material, in particular shoddy from synthetic fiber wastes, can be compacted into thermally and acoustically insulating boards and moldings by mixing with a pulverulent adhesive comprising a hot-melt adhesive and a solid epoxy resin/curing agent system and heating the mixture under pressure in a mold to a temperature at which the hot-melt adhesive becomes liquid and the epoxy resin reacts with its curing agent.

Abstract: A powder coating composition suitable for slot insulation is disclosed which includes an epoxy resin containing at least 60% by weight of a mixture of a first glycidyl ether of bisphenol A having a number average molecular weight of 2500-8000 with a second glycidyl ether of bisphenol A having a number average molecular weight of 350-1700, the mixture having a number average molecular weight of 1600-4600, a carboxyl group-terminated polyester resin in an amount of 5-100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin, a curing agent, and an inorganic filler in an amount of 10-80% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a multi-block polymeric material comprising an imide prepolymer chain extended with a second, different, compatible prepolymer selected from the group of prepolymers comprising (a) an (A) dianhydride or its corresponding tetraacid or diacid - diester combined with a monomer selected from (B) epoxy, diisocyanate, polyester and diamine in an A/B mole ratio ranging from about 2.0 to 1.05, preferably about 2.0 to 1.1 and (b) an (A) diamine combined with a monomer selected from (B) epoxy, diisocyanate and dianhydride or its corresponding tetraacid or diacid - diester in an A/B mole ratio ranging from about 2.0 to 1.05, preferably about 2.0 to 1.1, and mixtures thereof. The present invention is also directed to membranes of the above recited multi-block, polymeric material, especially membranes compising thin, dense films of said multi-block polymeric material deposited on a microporous support layer producing a thin film composite membrane.

Abstract: An aqueous electrophoretic coating material, which can be deposited at the cathode and contains(A) 90 to 50% by weight, based on the total portion of synthetic resin vehicle, of one or several polycondensation, polymerization and/or poly-addition resins, the resin or, in the event that several resins are present, their mixture(a) having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 700 to 10,000(b) having 1.2.times.10.sup.23 to 21.7.times.10.sup.23 lateral or terminal double bonds per 1,000 g, corresponding to a hydrogenation iodine number of 5 to 90,(c) optionally containing primary and/or secondary hydroxyl groups, corresponding to a hydroxyl number of 0 to 450 mg KOH/g of resin, and(d) tertiary amino groups corresponding to an amine number of 30 to 450 mg KOH/g of resin.

Abstract: An epoxy resin comprising an active hydrogen compound having at least three active hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with an epoxy group in its molecule or butadine or isoprene as a main monomer is modified with an oligomer having on average at least 1.5 equivalents of active hydrogen capable of reacting with an epoxy group in its molecule. An epoxy resin modified with a bisphenol and a compound having active hydrogen or acid anhydride groups capable of reacting with an epoxy group is also provided. A toner containing the epoxy resin as a binder is useful in electrostatography.

Abstract: A process for preparing an epoxy resin and a process for preparing a hardened and cured epoxy resin adhesive is provided, together with the epoxy resins and adhesives made thereby. The epoxy resin is prepared by mixing together about 76 parts per hundred of a novolac epoxy resin, about 19 parts per hundred of a bisphenol F epoxy resin, and about 5 parts per hundred of carboxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile, heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 290 to about 350 degrees Fahrenheit for a time of from about two to about three hours, and then cooling. An epoxy adhesive is prepared by mixing 100 parts of the material so prepared with about 20 parts of a curing agent consisting essentially of diethyltriamine. The resulting adhesive mixture has a paste-like consistency that is easily applied and cured at ambient temperature. The shear strength of the cured adhesive is about 4000 psi at ambient temperature and about 2000 psi at 250 degrees Fahrenheit.

Abstract: Damage tolerant composites comprising high strength filaments in the form of bundles or tows of continuous fiber and a tough phase separated, crosslinked epoxy resin matrix are disclosed. The crosslinked epoxy resin matrix comprises infusible particles that reside primarily between plies of the composite and critically have a median particle size between 10-75 microns. Prepregs for making the damage tolerant composites and methods of making such prepregs and the epoxy resin compositions thereof are also disclosed. The epoxy resin compositions comprise the infusible particles which become segregated as to size on a surface layer of the prepreg during the process of combining the high strength filaments of the prepreg and the resin containing the epoxy resin composition. Alternatively, the infusible particles may be disposed directly on the epoxy resin surface of the prepreg.

Abstract: The thermosetting powder coating composition which has good stability and good physical properties, such as appearance, flexibility, hardness, solvent resistance and corrosion resistance, is disclosed. The composition comprises a co-reactable particulate mixture of a carboxylic acid group-containing polymer, a polyepoxide, and a beta-hydroxylalkylamide.

Abstract: An epoxy fluorocarbon coating composition in the presence of a curing agent and, wherein the fluorocarbon polymer is about 5 to about 24 percent of the total weight of the coating composition and has a particle size less than 500 microns which has excellent corrosion resistance.

Abstract: The present invention is the reaction product of an aryl sulfonamide, at least one epoxy compounds comprising at least one diepoxy compound and optionally at least one monoepoxy compound. The diepoxy compound comprises two epoxy groups and the monoepoxy compound comprises one epoxy group. Preferably, the monoepoxy compound and the diepoxy compound have no hydroxyl groups or other functional groups. Specific embodiments include a reaction product derived from at least one monoepoxy compound and at least one diepoxy compound. The reaction product of the present invention has a relatively low molecular weight of from 450 to 2000, preferably 450 to 1000, and more preferably 450 to 800.

Abstract: Novel halogen-substituted phthalimides are provided which are the reaction product of a halogenated phthalic anhydride with an alkoxylated amine or the reaction product of a halogenated phthalic anhydride with a siloxy amine. The halogen-substituted phthalimides are useful in increasing the flame retardancy of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins, and are also effective as processing aids in improving the flowability and moldability of thermoplastic resins during melt processing.

Abstract: Toughened epoxy resins are prepared by curing a mixture of epoxy resin, a liquid carboxyl-terminated elastomer, and, as curing agent, a non-aromatic heterocyclic amine or a salt thereof. Cure is in two stages, the first stage at a temperature of at least 135.degree. C. for less than two hours to provide a partly cured formulation comprising phase-separated rubbery particles in an epoxy resin matrix, and a second stage of completing the cure.