Abstract: A process for making PBZ fibers of ultra-high physical properties is given. Polybenzoxazole fibers made by the process of this invention have tensile strengths nearly double in value from what has been reported previously.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel fluorine-containing diamines, polyamides and polyimides. The compounds are useful in the formation of moisture resistant films, fibers and shaped articles.

Abstract: Base-soluble release layer compositions for microlithographic processing, comprising nonamic acid functionalized polyamic acid/imide resins are disclosed. These materials permit concurrent lithographic development of photoresist and release layers. They also afford effective lift-off, by alkaline media, even after high imidization.

Abstract: Phenylquinoxaline copolymers of the general formula: ##STR1## are described where R* signifies a polar unit. The application of these copolymers for producing highly heat-resistant dielectrics is also described.

Abstract: A liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyamic acid having a steroidal skeleton and an imidized product thereof; and a liquid crystal display device to which the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied.

Abstract: A wholly aromatic polyamide capable of being dissolved in organic solvents to form an isotropic dope solution and having an excellent chemical resistance, heat resistance, processability and mechanical strength and a high modulus, comprises recurring aromatic dicarbonyl units of the formulae: ##STR1## and recurring aromatic diamine units of the formulae: ##STR2## wherein R and R' are a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxyl radical, n is 1 to 3, and p and q are 1 to 4.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyimide having all of small dielectric constant, small thermal expansion coefficient, high heat resistance, high glass transition temperature and high mechanical properties, a precursor of the polyimide, and processes for producing them. A polyimide precursor whose molecular chain comprises repeating units represented by the following general formula (1) and repeating units represented by the following general formula (2): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is at least one kind of tetravalent organic group selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## R.sup.2 is at least one kind of divalent organic group having a linear structure which is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## m is an integer of 1 to 4, and R.sup.3 is a divalent organic group having a non-linear structure which contains at least two aromatic rings.

Abstract: A readily melt processable polyimide obtained by reacting diamine represented by the formula: 4,4' ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 1 or 2, with 3,3'4,4' -diphenylethertetracarboxylic dianhydride and/or 4,4' -(p-phenylenedioxy)diphthalic dianhydride or a mixture of these tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides and pyromellitic dianhydride in the presence of phthalic anhydride.

Abstract: Aromatic copolyamides are described which are soluble in organic polyamide solvents and which essentially consist of the recurring structural units of the formulae Ia, Ib and Ic ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are divalent aromatic radicals, the valency bonds of which are in the para position or in a comparable coaxial or parallel position relative to one another, R.sup.2 is a radical of the formula III ##STR2## and R.sup.3 is a radical of the formula IV ##STR3## The mole fractions of the individual structural features in the copolyamides are fixed within selected limits. Fibers composed of the copolyamides claimed are distinguished by a high stretchability.

Abstract: Amorphous polyamide compositions are provided which are transparent and have improved glass transition and thermal decomposition temperatures. The polyamide compositions of the present invention can be prepared as the polymeric condensation product of a diamine component comprising neopentyldiamine, and a diacid component comprising an aromatic dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Processes for producing oriented films of semicrystalline thermoplastic polymers, such as polyimides, and films produced thereby are disclosed. One process includes partial crystallization or imidization, orientation and further crystallization or imidization. Another process includes rendering a film of semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer amorphous, orienting the film and introducing crystallinity.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polyetherimide-polyimide copolymer by (a) reacting a bis (ether anhydride) with a stoichiometric excess of an organic diamine in an inert, non-polar solvent to form an amine-terminated oligomer-solvent mixture; (b) removing unreacted organic diamine from the oligomer-solvent mixture; and (c) reacting the oligomer with an aromatic dianhydride.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbon of three to about 50 carbon atoms and the residue of the reaction of triol R(OH).sub.3 with the anhydride of Formula II;Y is CR.sub.5 R.sub.6, O,S,NCH.sub.3 wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, or phenyl;x is O or 1;R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl or aliphatic of one to about twenty carbon atoms, inclusive, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 joined together form a normal alkylene or alkenylene chain of two to about six carbon atoms, inclusive, unsubstituted or substituted with one to six alkyl groups having from one to about four carbon atoms, inclusive.a process to make the compounds;and branched aromatic carbonate polymers having incorporated therein in the branching component a compound of the above formula.

Abstract: Polyimide compositions, films, and electronic devices using polyimides, based on 9,9-bis(perfluoroalkyl)xanthene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride or 9-aryl-9(perfluoroalkyl)xanthene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride or 2,2-bis(3,4-carboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride and benzidine derivatives which offer a combination of desirable properties including, low linear coefficient of thermal expansion, low moisture absorption, high glass transition temperature, low dielectric constant, and improved tensile elongation.

Abstract: A heat-resistant and thermoplastic polyimide which has low dielectric characteristics and recurring structural units of the following formula ##STR1## wherein R is a tetravalent radical having from 2 to 27 carbon atoms and selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic radical, alicyclic radical, monoaromatic radical, condensed polyaromatic radical and noncondensed aromatic radical connected each other with a direct bond or a bridge member; aromatic diamines which are useful for the raw material monomers of the polyimide and have following formulas: ##STR2## and ##STR3## and a process for preparing the polyimide of the above formula by reacting these aromatic diamines with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride in the presence of an aromatic dicarboxylic anhydride or aromatic monoamine, and successively thermally or chemically imidizing the resultant polyamic acid.

Abstract: Polyetherketoneimides and copolymers thereof having an imide repeat unit of formula ##STR1## wherein Ri is ##STR2## in which A is a direct bond or --O--or another substantially non-electron-withdrawing group, and/or Ra is an at least partly arylene moiety other than m- or P-phonylene.These polymers tend to have improved melt stability and other properties, especially when made from a pre-existing imide monomer, instead of by the known amic acid route which results in uncyclised amic acid residues in the polymer.

Abstract: A polyimide film essentially consisting of polyimide having recurring units of the formula (I): ##STR1## which has a density of 1.335 to 1.390 g/cm.sup.3 at 23.degree. C. and/or a refractive index of 1.605 to 1.680 at 23.degree. C. in the direction of thickness and is transparent; and a preparation process of the polyimide film by extruding the polyimide having recurring units of the above formula (I) through a common melt-extrusion process, casting in a chill-roller to obtain an unstretched film, uniaxially or biaxially stretching the unstretched film to cause molecular orientation, and successively setting the stretched film through heat-treatment.

Abstract: A method of making controlled sequence condensation copolymers from mer systems capable of forming at least two unique recurring units is disclosed and claimed. Sequenced polyesters containing the residue of hydroxyacids are specifically exemplified.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with novel water-dispersible copolymers which contain at least one UVA light-absorbing monomer, one UVB light-absorbing monomer, one hydrophilic monomer, and optionally one hydrophobic monomer component. The UVA light-absorbing monomer absorbs at .lambda.max ultraviolet light in the 320-400 nm range. The UVB light-absorbing monomer absorbs at max ultraviolet light in the 290-320 nm range. Because of the R.sub.3 group used in the invention, the copolymers of the invention permit higher loading of UV monomers than previously obtainable.

Abstract: The invention comprises curing polyamic acid solutions into polyimide solutions by adding a hydrophilic reagent to a polyamic acid solution. The hydrophilic reagent is selected to have little or no reactivity with amines or carboxylic acids, and is of the type that will react with water to form by-products that shift the equilibrium between polyamic acid as a reactant and polyimide and water as products toward the production of polyimide.

Abstract: The aromatic heterocyclic copolymer is produced by (a) reacting (i) an aromatic diaminodithiol compound, hydrogen atoms of thiol groups of which compound are substituted with substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, with (ii) an aromatic diamino compound and (iii) a dicarboxylic acid derivative in an organic solvent, to produce a precopolymer; and (b) heating the precopolymer to cause a thiazole ring closure reaction. This aromatic heterocyclic copolymer is contained as a reinforcing polymer in a molecular composite material.

Abstract: A thermotropic copolyesteramide, with a nematic structure of the liquid crystalline phase within a desired temperature range of the mesophase, contains a unit derived from: (a) a saturated .alpha., .omega.-dicarboxylic acid; (b) 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl; (c) p-aminobenzoic acid; (d) 2,6-dihydroxyriaphthoic acid.A copolyesteramide of this type exhibits improved characteristics, especially in regard to its elastic modulus and tensile strength, when used as a self-reinforced material or as a reinforcement material for traditional thermoplastic polymers.

Abstract: A new class of polymers is provided as well as the monomers used for their preparation. The polymers provided in accordance with practice of the present invention include repeating units comprising one or more quinoline groups, wherein at least a portion of the repeating units includes a hexafluoroisopropylidene (6F) group or a 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene (3F) group, or both.The hexafluoroisopropylidene group is referred to herein as a "6F" group and has the following structure: ##STR1## The "6F" group includes a tetravalent carbon atom bound to two trifluoromethyl moieties with its other two bonds forming linkages in the polymer chain.the 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene group is referred to herein as "3F" group and has the following structure: ##STR2## wherein Ar' is an aryl group. The "3F" group comprises a tetravalent carbon atom bound to one trifluoromethyl moiety and one aryl group with its other two bonds forming linkages in the polymer chain.

Abstract: Curing of phthalonitrile monomers and prepolymers is accelerated by inclusion of an acid curing agent. Cured phthalonitrile polymers have high thermal oxidative stability and are useful as resins in various compositions and as adhesives.

Abstract: A polymer which can undergo thermally-induced transformation to provide a reinforcing component and a matrix component. This polymer has repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl amino thermoplastic moieties and dialkyl amino moieties which can undergo insitu reaction to form a thermoset. Dialkyl amino moieties which can undergo insitu reaction to form thermosets include the following: ##STR2## wherein Q is ##STR3## R is --CH.sub.3 or Q and a has a value of 1 to 3. Dialkyl amino thermoplastic moieties include the following: ##STR4##The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States for all governmental purposes without the payment of any royalty.

Abstract: This invention relates to the aromatic polyamide resin of the following general formula(I) having pendant silyl groups characterized in that the said polyamide resin has excellent solubility for the films to be easily prepared by solvent casting as well as useful as coating materials, can be used at higher temperature than the reported polyamides because of the excellent heat stability, and also has excellent adhesive strength in the blend with glass fiber.

Abstract: A thermotropic copolyesteramide, with a nematic structure of the liquid crystalline phase within a desired temperature range of the mesophase, contains metered amounts of units derived from: (a) a saturated aliphatic -dicarboxylic acid; (b) 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl; (c) 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and (d) 4-aminobenzoic acid or (d') 4-aminophenol.This thermotropic copolyesteramide, produced by the copolymerization of monomers in the molten state, is a material with self-reinforcing characteristics capable of yielding, by normal injection or extrusion processes, remarkable molecular orientations which impart a high rigidity to the manufactured products.The copolyesteramide may be used as a reinforcement material for traditional thermoplastic polymers, by usual techniques.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyimide ammonium salt comprising the reaction product of an ethylenically unsaturated amine with an aromatic polyimide having pendant carboxylic acid groups, said polyimide comprising the reaction product of diamine and aromatic dianhydride, where the diamine comprises an aromatic carboxylic acid diamine having at least one carboxylic acid. A substrate can be coated with the polyimide ammonium salt by forming a composition of a crosslinking agent and a solution of the polyimide salt in an organic solvent, spreading the composition on the substrate, evaporating the solvent to form a coating, exposing at least some of the coating to actinic radiation to crosslink and insolubilize the exposed portions of the coating, and washing the unexposed portions away by dissolving them in an organic solvent.

Abstract: Nadimide-terminated polyarylate prepolymers having the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein n is an integer not less than 1, and cured polyarylate resins produced by thermal curing the prepolymers, and processes for producing them are disclosed.The cured polyarylate resins according to the present invention have excellent chemical resistance and high-temperature resistance as well as good mechanical properties and processability.

Abstract: Poly(dianhydride) compounds having formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## where m is 0 to 50. ##STR2## wherein n is 0 to 20 and X is bond junction, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, SO.sub.2, C(CF.sub.3), CO, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, CF.sub.2 --O--CF.sub.2, CH.sub.2, and CHOH.

Abstract: Polyimide sheets having excellent thermal resistance and good surface appearance of the resultant sheets are obtained by a melt-extrusion process from a specific polyimide in the temperature range of 300.degree. C. to 450.degree. C. and a moisture content of 200 ppm or less.

Abstract: Polymerization or cure of di-phthalonitrile monomers or prepolymers by a curing agent selected from (a) an acid and an amine, (b) a salt of an acid and an amine, and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b). In a preferred embodiment, the curing agents are amine salts which are reaction products of an aromatic amine and an aromatic sulfonic acid. The use of the novel curing agents enhances curing rates and results in polymers which have high Tg.

Abstract: In reactions to form PBZ polymers such as polybenzoxazole, monomers having an aromatic group bonded to a primary amine group and to a hydroxy, thio or amine group ortho to said primary amine group are contacted with monomers having an "electron-deficient carbon group." In the present invention the electron-deficient carbon group may be an alkali metal carboxylate group or a trihalomethyl group. Useful monomers include, for example, .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.',.alpha.',-hexachloroxylene and disodium terephthalate.

Abstract: Linear aromatic copolyamides having good processability, superior thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties are provided. They comprise 55-90 mole % of a repearing unit of ##STR1## and 45-10 mole % of a repeating unit of ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each is a C.sub.4-12 aliphatic alkylene.

Abstract: There are described copolyamides which are soluble in organic polyamide solvents and contain recurring structural units of the formulae Ia, Ib, Ic and Id or Ia, Ib, Id and Ig or Ia, Ib, Ic, Id and Ig and optionally of the formulae Ie and/or If--OC--Ar.sup.1 --CO-- (Ia),--NH--Ar.sup.2 --NH-- (Ib),--NH--Ar.sup.3 --NH-- (Ic), ##STR1##--OC--R.sup.2 --CO-- (Ie),--NH--R.sup.3 --NH-- (If),--OC--Ar.sup.4 --CO-- (Ig),whereAr.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are each independently of the other divalent aromatic radicals whose valence bonds are in the para or a comparable coaxial or parallel position relative to one another,Ar.sup.3 and Ar.sup.4 are each independently of the other divalent radicals whose valence bonds are in the meta or a comparable kinked position relative to one another,R.sup.1 is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or halogen, andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently of the other divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radicals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are chromium carbonyl complexes of polyamides containing units derived from aromatic diamines in which about 10 to about 90% of those units are complexed with a chromium carbonyl compound, and a process for making them. When aramids are used, the solubility of the polymer in organic solvents is enhanced, and in the case of certain aramids lyotropic solutions are formed. These solutions can be used to make anisotropic films and fibers.

Abstract: Novel polyimide and polyamide-imide gas separation membranes and the process of using such membranes to separate one or more gases from a gaseous mixture is disclosed. The polyimides and polyamide-imides are formed from a blend of diamines containing the ester derived from 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline, completely aromatic copolyesters are disclosed, which are endowed with a heat stability not lower than 350.degree. C., and are constituted by a succession of repeatitive units containing: ##STR1## wherein A and B, which can be either equal to, or different, from, each other, can be either --0-- or and one of the following moieties: ##STR2## in which Ar can be 1,4-phenylene, 2-monosubstituted-1,4-phenylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.Also copolyesters also containing amidic bonding groups are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is a condensation polymerization reaction in which functionally terminated polybenzazole ligomers are reacted in a solvent acid at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C. and a shear of at least about 10 sec..sup.-1 under conditions so that the desired molecular weight is reached in no more than about 4 hours. The oligomers may be, for example, derived from the reaction of 4,6-diaminoresorcinol bis(hydrochloride) and terephthalic acid. The concentration of oligomers is high enough so that the reaction mixture contains liquid crystalline domains.

Abstract: A perfluorinated polyimide comprising a repeating unit represented by general formula (1): ##STR1## and a perfluorinated poly(amic acid) comprising a repeating unit represented by general formula (6): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a tetravalent organic group; and R.sub.2 is a divalent organic group, provided that chemical bonds between carbon atoms and monovalent elements contained in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are exclusively carbon-to-fluorine bonds; methods for preparing them; and optical material including the perfluorinated polyimide. 1,4-Bis(3,4-dicarboxytrifluorophenoxy)tetrafluorobenzene dianhydride, 1,4-difluoropyromellitic anhydride, 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxytrifluorophenoxy)tetrafluorobenzene, 1,4-difluoropyromellitic acid, and 1,4-bis(3,4-dicyanotrifluorophenoxy)tetrafluorobenzene as well as methods preparing them. The perfluorinated polyimide has a thermal stability and has a low optical loss in an optical communication wavelength region (0.8 to 1.7 .mu.m).

Abstract: A novel aromatic diamine; a polyimide comprising 1,3-bis(3-aminobenzoyl)benzene or 4,4'-bis(3-aminobenzoyl)biphenyl as a diamine component and having recurring structural units represented by the formula (III): ##STR1## wherein R is a tetravalent radical selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic radical having from 2 to 27 carbon atoms, alicyclic radical, monoaromatic radical, condensed polyaromatic radical, and noncondensed aromatic radical connected each other with a direct bond or a bridge member, and X is a divalent radical of ##STR2## and a polyimide having a terminal aromatic group which is essentially unsubstituted or substituted with a radical having no reactivity with amines or dicarboxylic acid anhydrides or a composition comprising said polyimide.

Abstract: A polyamic acid having a three-dimensional network molecular structure produced by a gel forming ring-opening polyaddition reaction in an organic solvent of the reaction components comprising:(A) an acid component consisting of at least one tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride selected from the group consisting of a tetracarboxy benzene dianhydride, a tetracarboxy dianhydride of a compound having 2 to 5 condensed benzene rings, and compounds represented by formula (III), and substituted compounds thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents --O--, --CO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --SO--, an alkylene group, an alkylene bicarbonyloxy group, an alkylene bioxycarbonyl group, a phenylene group, a phenylene alkylene group, or a phenylene dialkylene group, n.sub.4 is 0 or 1, n.sub.5 is 0 or 1; and n.sub.6 is 1 or 2, provided that the sum of n.sub.5 and n.sub.

Abstract: High-performance polymers having a rigid-rod backbone comprising a chain length of at least 25 organic monomer units joined together by covalent bonds wherein at least about 95% of the bonds are substantially parallel; and solubilizing organic groups attached to at least 1% of the monomer units. The polymers are prepared in a solvent system which is a solvent for both the monomer starting materials and the rigid-rod polymer product.

Abstract: Polyimides having high glass transition temperature prepared from 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride and 1,5-, 1,6-, 2,6- or 2,7-bis(4-aminophenoxy)napthalene.

Abstract: The invention provides a polymer comprising a chain of detectable units joined together by linker arms.The detectable units may be, for example, antigenic or form part of a fluorescent or chemiluminescent or chromogenic or enzyme signal system.The polymer may find an application in the assay of an analyte which is a member of a specific binding pair.The invention also provides a labelled reagent in which the reagent is a member of a specific binding pair and the label is a polymer in accordance with the invention. The invention further provides an assay involving the use of a labelled reagent in accordance with the invention. Also the invention provides a kit for performing an assay, which kit includes a supply of a labelled reagent in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: Polybenzazole polymers can be synthesized rapidly in large quantities at high molecular weight and high concentration by a two-step process of forming oligomers in a batch reactor and advancing the molecular weight of the polymer in an extruder.

Abstract: An aromatic polythiazole is produced from a salt of an aromatic diaminodithiol compound and a dicarboxylic acid derivative, by a method comprising the steps of: (a) reacting the aromatic diaminodithiol compound salt with an alkyl halide having a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group in an alkaline aqueous solvent, so that hydrogen atoms in thiol groups of the aromatic diaminodithiol compound are substituted with the alkyl groups; (b) polymerizing the resulting alkyl group-substituted aromatic diaminodithiol compound with the dicarboxylic acid derivative to form an aromatic polythiazole prepolymer; and (c) heating the aromatic polythiazole prepolymer to cause a thiazole ring closure reaction, thereby producing the aromatic polythiazole. By this method, the amino groups of the aromatic diaminodithiol compound salt are selectively reacted with the dicarboxylic acid derivative.

Abstract: The invention is a process for making novel branched polybenzazole polymers and the polymers formed thereby. Novel compounds are also disclosed that are useful as branching agents in making the branched polybenzazole polymers. The branched polymers synthesized by the process can be formed into strong, light articles such as fibers and films.

Abstract: High performance, thermooxidatively stable polyimides are prepared by reacting aromatic diamines with pendant trifluoromethyl groups and dianhydrides in an amide solvent to form a poly(amic acid), followed by cyclizing the poly(amic acid) to form the corresponding polyimide, which has the following general structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: Azole rings, such as oxazole and thiazole rings, can activate an aromatic ring bonded to a leaving group such as a halogen atom so that the aromatic ring will undergo aromatic nucleophilic substitution. The reaction is useful for making ethers, thioethers and amines containing azole rings. In particular, monomers having azole rings, activated aromatic rings with leaving groups and nucleophilic moieties can react under conditions of aromatic nucleophilic displacement to form non-rigid rod PBZ polymers. The non-rigid rod PBZ polymers can be used to form molecular composites with rigid rod PBZ polymers which molecular composites are not substantially phase separated.