Abstract: Described is a modular, general synthetic strategy for the preparation in solution and on a solid support of heparin, heparin-like glycosaminoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and non-natural analogs of each of them. Additionally, the modular strategy provides the basis for the preparation of combinatorial libraries and parallel libraries of defined glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. The defined glycosaminoglycan structures may be used in high-throughput screening experiments to identify carbohydrate sequences that regulate a host of recognition and signal-transduction processes. The determination of specific sequences involved in receptor binding holds great promise for the development of molecular tools which will allow modulation of processes underlying viral entry, angiogenesis, kidney diseases and diseases of the central nervous system. Notably, the present invention enables the automated synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in much the same fashion that peptides and oligonucleotides are currently assembled.

Abstract: A fullerene derivative represented by the formula (I): [wherein, A is a residue of monosaccharides or disaccharides, and Alk is a lower alkylene group, the group represented by the formula (X): is a fullerene residual skeleton, and n is an integral number of 1 or 2] or its salt produces a formulation usable for PDT which has more hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, is expected to have selectivity to tumor cells by cell recognition, shows no toxicity to the cells in a dark place and has a cytocidal effect by light irradiation.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for production of alkylamino glucosaminide phosphate compounds, and of disaccharide compounds, including various novel intermediates and intermediate processes. In one aspect, glycosyl halides are produced by reaction of an O-silyl glycoside with a dihalomethyl alkyl ether.

Abstract: A nanoscale self-aggregate having a unique high order structure comprises an O-glycoside type oligolipid having a structure represented by the general formula (1) 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing fenofibrate in the form of an inclusion complex with cyclodextrin, having high dissolution profile and in vivo enhanced bioavailability as compared with plain micronized fenofibrate compositions. An inclusion complex has a molar ratio of fenofibrate (preferably in micronized form) to cyclodextrin of from about 1:0.5 to about 1:4, preferably from about 1:1 to about 1:2. The immediate release fenofibrate composition is preferably in the form of a tablet or in the form of granules inside a capsule.

Abstract: A method for the depolymerization of cellulose ethers by acid oxidative decomposition. Ground and dried cellulose ether is exposed to gaseous acid or is sprayed with an acid solution. It is brought into contact with an oxidizing agent or an oxidizing agent solution, and depolymerized at temperatures in the range from 50 to 120° C. over a period in the range from 0.01 to 10 hours. The acid is subsequently neutralized by adding a base. The water content of the reaction mixture does not exceed 10% by weight during depolymerization.

Abstract: A composition and process of preparation of emulsifier agents based on an alkylpolyglycoside structure with a length of alkyl chain having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms to be used. The resulting emulsions exhibit an excellent dispersion of the fillers and/or pigments without it being necessary to add coemulsifier or dispersant. The emulsifier makes it possible, by itself alone, to prevent the reagglomeration of the fillers and/or pigments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polysaccharide conjugates that comprise: a polysaccharide that binds to surface-receptors present on Antigen Presenting Cells, conjugated to one or more compounds having stable carbonyl groups covalently attached, either directly or via a bifunctional linker. The conjugates are useful as immuno-stimulants and adjuvants.

Abstract: Saccharide-based epoxy resins such as epoxies, adhesives, coatings and composites, made from methods using unepoxidized saccharide-based monomers, and saccharide-based epoxidized monomers and polymers, especially derived from sucrose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a series of polyglycoside derivatives that have improved water-solubility by introducing into the molecule polyoxyalkylene groups like polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene. The compounds are very mild detergents and emulsifiers.

Abstract: The invention concerns disaccharides of formula (I) derived from &agr;-maltosyl fluoride, wherein R1 and R 2 are such as defined in Claim 1. Said disaccharides are useful as glycosyl donors in transglycosylation reactions catalysed by glycoside-hydrolases or in transfer reactions catalysed by transglycosylases during the preparation of oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.

Abstract: A description is given of glyoxal-treated polysaccharide derivatives which, to decrease the unbound glyoxal, are treated with an aqueous solution of one or more water-soluble aluminium salts, or one or more water-soluble borates, or a combination of one or more water-soluble aluminium salts and one or more water-soluble borates, and, if appropriate, with suitable buffer substances to set the pH, and then dried.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of starch, wherein a root or tuber starch comprising at least 95 wt. % of amylopectin, based on dry substance of the starch, is treated with an oxidizing agent and the resulting product is subjected to an alkaline treatment, said treatment comprising keeping the product for at least 15 minutes at a temperature of 20-50° C. and a pH higher than 10. The invention further relates to an oxidized starch obtainable by said process and to various applications of said oxidized starch.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of surface active agent mixtures containing alkyl/and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside/ether carboxylic acids. The invention is characterized in that an aqueous solution from at least one alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside is reacted in the presence of alkali with an &ohgr;-halogen carboxylic acid, its salts or ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a series of polyglycoside derivatives that contain silicone functional groups introduced into the molecule by reaction with the hydroxyl groups present in the starting polyglycoside molecule. The compounds are prepared by reacting epoxy silicones with an alkyl polyglucoside under base catalysis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a novel process for the preparation of pyranosides protected at the 1, 2, 4, and 6 or the 1, 3, 4, and 6 positions.

Abstract: A modifier characterized by containing as the active ingredient a compound represented by the formula (I) (wherein X is OH, OSO3H, or OCH3 and R is a substituent excluding OH). The modifier is applied to a substance having reactivity with the compound.

Abstract: To provide low odor polyoxyalkylene polyol, a process for producing the same, and a low odor urethane prepolymer and a low odor urethane composition using the same as a raw material. The low odor polyoxyalkylene polyol comprising polyoxyalkylene polyol with amine added thereto, the amine having at least one amino group represented by the following formula (1): is provided, wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently represent hydrogen atom or an organic group which may contain a hetero atom in which an atom bonded to nitrogen atom is carbon atom.

Abstract: Synthetic polysaccharides are disclosed containing 8-24 monosaccharide units made up of a concatenation of disaccharides consisting of a uronic acid and a hexose, wherein the hydroxyl groups of the polysaccharides are etherified with a C1-6 alkyl group or esterified in the form of a sulpho group, each disaccharide being at least monoetherified; and salts thereof, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glucopyranosyloxybenzylbenzene derivatives represented by the general formula: 1

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of monolithic silica under mild conditions from alkoxysilanes derived from sugars, sugar acids, sugar alcohols and polysaccharides including glycerol, sorbitol, mannose and dextran. Unlike the commonly used silica starting material TEOS (Si(OEt)4), the sol-gel hydrolysis and cure of the sugar derivatives are not very sensitive to pH as similar rates of gelation were observed over a pH range of about 5.5-11. The morphology of the resulting silicas could be varied using specific additives, including multivalent ions and hydrophilic polymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of general formula I or II: 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isolating flax lignans. Specifically this invention provides a process for isolating and purifying secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) from crushed flaxseed by means of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and chromatographic separation.

Abstract: Material characterized by that the material contains at least one biologically active saccharide which is covalently bound via at least one spacer to a crosslinked matrix.

Abstract: A nutritional composition which contains slightly negatively charged non-digestible polysaccharides having a molecular weight of 8 kD to 40,000 kD, characterized in that the rise in the viscosity of the composition caused by the polysaccharides is less than 20 mpa·s. This nutritional composition is used to reduce the uptake of high molecular weight substances, allergens and microorganisms through the intestinal wall, more particularly to reduce transport of high molecular weight substances, allergens and microorganisms through the intestinal wall, ore particularly to reduce transport of high molecular weight substances, allergens and microorganisms through the tight junctions in the intestines.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-stilbene antibody. Preferably, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody. Exemplary and preferred such antibodies are designated herein as 19G2, 20F2, 21C6, 22B9, 25F8, 25E2, 23E4, 23G3, 23D3, 23C2, 25C10, 24B6, 21E2, 16H10 and 9E11. The present invention further provides hybridomas that produce and secrete anti-stilbene antibodies. An antibody of the present invention has particular utility in processes for identifying and/or locating target moieties appended to or incorporating antigenic stilbene. In one embodiment, therefore, the present invention further provides a method of detecting antigenic stilbene. The method includes the steps of exposing antigenic stilbene to an anti-stilbene antibody and detecting an anti-stilbene antibody-stilbene immunoconjugate. Such immunoconjugates can be detected using fluoroscopic procedures.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide means of inhibiting chemical changes in unsaturated compounds by radical reactions through inhibition of radical formation in such an unsaturated compound: The present invention attains such an objective by providing an agent which comprises trehalose as an effective ingredient to form an association product between trehalose and an unsaturated compound.

Abstract: The invention includes compositions and methods useful for treatment of a virus infection in a mammal by double-targeting the virus (i.e. targeting the virus at more than one stage of the virus life cycle) and thereby inhibiting virus replication. The compositions of the invention include compounds which comprise a phosphocholine moiety covalently conjugated with one or more antiviral agents (e.g. nucleoside analogue, protease inhibitor, etc.) to a lipid backbone. The invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions and kits for use in treatment of a virus infection in mammals. The methods of the invention comprise administering a compound of the invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of the invention, in an amount effective to treat the infection, to a mammal infected with a virus. Additionally, the invention includes compositions and methods useful for combating a cancer in a mammal and for facilitating delivery of a therapeutic agent to a mammalian cell.

Abstract: Novel compounds of formula (I): RO—(X)p  (I) in which p represents a decimal number between 1 and 5, x represents a xylose residue, and R represents a radical: CH(CnH2n+1)(CmH2m+1)—CH2— in which m is an integer between 6 and 18, n is an integer between 4 and 18 and the sum n+m is greater than or equal to 10. Process for preparing them, compositions containing them and their use as surfactants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dehydrated dextrose monohydrate having a specific surface area of from 0.20 m2/g to 0.50 m2/g and is reducing the reaction time for preparing chemical compounds selected from the group consisting of alkyl glucoside, alkenyl glucoside, alkyl polyglucosides and alkenyl polyglucosides in a heterogeneous mixture with an alcohol. The present invention further discloses a process for preparing dehydrated dextrose monohydrate and a process for preparing chemical compounds selected from the group consisting of alkyl glucoside, alkenyl glucoside, alkyl polyglucosides and alkenyl polyglucosides by applying dehydrated dextrose monohydrate.

Abstract: O/W emulsions, contain at least one organosilicon compound bearing a glycoside radical and at least one metal oxide are present. The emulsions are stable with respect to pH and exhibit a high degree of dispersion of the metal oxide. The emulsions are particularly useful as cosmetic formulations, in particular as sun screen lotions and creams.

Abstract: Compositions comprising alkoxylated lipophilic polyol compounds, e.g., ehtoxylated, esterified methyl glucosides, are disclosed wherein at least 5% of the polyol derivatives have about three moles of the lipophilic substituent per mole of polyol. Quite advantageously, the disclosed polyol derivatives can be dissolved into aqueous solutions to provide liquid thickeners suitable for thickening surfactant-containing compositions, e.g., shampoos, at cold processing temperatures.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to optionally substituted halogenated benzyl halides and the like. These compounds are useful as halogenated benzyl ether-based protecting groups for a variety of functional groups. Another aspect of the present invention relates to use of said protecting groups in an orthogonal protecting group strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules that comprise a number of suitable functional groups. Another aspect of the present invention relates to saccharides bearing various arrays of protecting groups of the present invention. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of synthesizing an oligosaccharide or glycoconjugate, comprising the steps of: using a saccharide bearing at least one protecting group of the present invention to glycosylate a second molecule to give a product comprising said saccharide; and removing a protecting group of the present invention from said product.

Abstract: A C-glucosyl ether lipid of the following formula: wherein R1 is a C12-C20 alkyl or C12-C20 alkenyl; R2 is a C1-C3 alkyl or C3 cycloalkyl; and X nitrogen-containing group.

Abstract: A substituted polysaccharide comprising &bgr;1-4 linkages having covalently bonded on the polysaccharide moiety thereof, at least one deposition enhancing group which undergoes a chemical change in water at a use temperature to increase the affinity of the substituted polysaccharide to a substrate, the substituted polysaccharide further comprising one or more independently selected silicone chains.

Abstract: A superabsorbent polysaccharide can be obtained by crosslinking a polysaccharide or derivative thereof with at least 1% by weight of a flexible spacer having a chain length of at least 9 chain atoms and having terminal activated coupling groups. The flexible spacer may comprise a polyalkyleneglycol with a molecular weight from about 400 to 10,000. The coupling groups may be provided by divinyl sulphone units.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cellulose ether that is hydrophobically modified with an alkyl or alkenylketene dimer of general formula (I), in which R1 and R2 are alkyl or alkenyl chain, such as one having 5 to 22, preferably 13 to 20, most preferably 14 to 18 carbons. The product can be used in water-based products to control the rheological properties, for example. Objects of use include, for example, detergents, paper coating mixtures, paints, dispersing agents, and oil drilling muds.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention is disclosed a process for the production of microcrystalline cellulose comprising

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition capable of being hydrolyzed by a cutaneous enzyme, glucocerebrosidase. The active precursor is advantageously a gluco-conjugate derived from phenol whereof the two &agr; carbons are free. The invention also concerns the use of such compositions against light-induced skin ageing or for making a medicine for treating certain skin diseases. The invention further concerns novel glucosylated compounds.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a method for producing water-insoluble polysaccharides. A method for making the water-insoluble bio-compatible gel includes activating the hydroxyl-containing polysaccharides with the activating agent to form activated polysaccharides, and cross-linking the activated polysaccharides, under moderate conditions producing different shapes of the water-insoluble bio-compatible gel. The water-insoluble bio-compatible gels, films, porosities, powders, sheets, fibers and spheres of this invention may be applied to various medical and cosmetic uses.

Abstract: The invention relates to polysaccharide derivatives comprising a) at least one hydrophobic and b) at least one nitrogen-containing substituent; in particular, the derivative is a cellulose ether which, as substituent a), has a trialkylsilyl and, as substituent b), an aminoalkyl group. Furthermore, it relates to a process for immobilizing biomolecules on a coated sheet-like carrier material in which the biomolecules are attached at or in the coating and the coated sheet-like carrier material comprises within or outside the coating at least one such polysaccharide derivative. Additionally, in the process for preparing the mixed cellulose ether a solution of trialkylsilylcellulose in an organic solvent is admixed with a reactive aminoalkane derivative which is insoluble or only sparingly soluble in this solvent, the reaction is carried out and the end product is isolated.

Abstract: Modified polysaccharides (such as starches, gums, chitosans, celluloses, alginates, sugars, etc.), which are commonly used in the paper industry as strengthening agents, surface sizes, coating binders, emulsifiers and adhesives, can be combined into a single molecule with amphiphilic hydrocarbons (e.g. surface active agents) which are commonly utilized in the paper industry to control absorbency, improve softness, enhance surface feel and function as dispersants. The resulting molecule is a modified polysaccharide having surface active moieties which can provide several potential benefits, depending on the specific combination employed, including: (a) strength aids that do not impart stiffness; (b) softeners that do not reduce strength; (c) wet strength with improved wet/dry strength ratio; (d) debonders with reduced tinting and sloughing; (e) strength aids with controlled absorbency; and (g) surface sizing agents with improved tactile properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of perbenzylated 1-O-glycosides of general formula I or salts thereof in which sugar1 is a monosaccharide that is functionalized in 1-OH-position, R represents benzyl, n means 2, 3 or 4, means —O—, —S—, —COO— or —NH— and L means a straight-chain, branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C30 carbon chain, which optionally is interrupted or substituted by groups. The process according to the invention starts from economical starting materials, provides good yields and allows the production of perbenzylated saccharides with 1-O-functionalized side chains on an enlarged scale.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of perbenzylated 1-O-glycosides of general formula I or salts thereof 1

Abstract: Novel synthetic polysaccharides for use in the treatment of pathologies associated with a coagulation dysfunction.

Abstract: New crosslinked polysaccharides useful as absorbents or superabsorbents alone or in a mixture are obtained by reacting polysaccharides (preferably containing carboxylates groups) with at least one crosslinker selected in the group constituted by activated polyethylene glycols such as for example halogenated (Cl, Br, I), mesylated, tosylated, or triflated activated polyethylene glycols.

Abstract: This invention provides glycoside polymers or glycosides which are useful as a material for functional foods, biodegradable fibers or medicaments, said glycoside polymers being produced efficiently by subjecting a compound of the formula (1): wherein R1 is —OH, R2 is —OH or —NHCOCH3, R3 is —CH2OH, —COOH or —CH3, to a melt polymerization or a solution polymerization in the presence of a solid superacid, and said glycosides being produced by reacting the compound (1) with a saturated or unsaturated alcohol in the presence of a solid superacid.

Abstract: The present invention is a compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2): 1

Abstract: Described is a modular, general synthetic strategy for the preparation in solution and on a solid support of heparin, heparin-like glycosaminoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and non-natural analogs of each of them. Additionally, the modular strategy provides the basis for the preparation of combinatorial libraries and parallel libraries of defined glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. The defined glycosaminoglycan structures may be used in high-throughput screening experiments to identify carbohydrate sequences that regulate a host of recognition and signal-transduction processes. The determination of specific sequences involved in receptor binding holds great promise for the development of molecular tools which will allow modulation of processes underlying viral entry, angiogenesis, kidney diseases and diseases of the central nervous system. Notably, the present invention enables the automated synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in much the same fashion that peptides and oligonucleotides are currently assembled.

Abstract: A process for preparing pale-colored and transparent alkyl glycosides by reacting glucose and high fatty alcohol in presence of an acid catalyst is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of admixing, reacting, neutralizing, distilling, diluting and bleaching. In the above process, the reaction step is controlled by a product color and an amount of unreacted glucose, the neutralizing step is controlled by alkali metal oxdie powders having a specific surface area of more than 30 m2/g and the product color, the distilling step is controlled an unreacted residual fatty alcohol, and the diluting step is controlled by refined ion water and sealed vessel without oxygen. Further, the process provides a method of recycling collected fatty alcohol without being refined.