Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for producing chitosan derivatives and the derivatives formed by these methods. The processes of the present disclosure utilize electrochemical methods to functionalize and/or modify amine and/or hydroxyl groups present on chitosan, to form new derivatives. In embodiments, a chloro-chitosan derivative may be prepared. The altered cationic affinity of these derivatives make them excellent candidates for biomedical applications, including pharmaceuticals, as well as food applications.

Abstract: A composite includes particles of thermoplastic polymer coated with a chitin nanowhisker gel and melt-blended. The thermoplastic polymer may be polystyrene, polyethylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polycarbonate, or another thermoplastic polymer. A method of processing chitin includes forming a non-colloidal mixture substantially of chitin and hydrochloric acid to subject the chitin to hydrolysis; upon the mixture becoming substantially colloidal, controlling conditions of the mixture to slow the hydrolysis; dialyzing the substantially colloidal mixture to produce a processed colloidal mixture consisting substantially of water and crystalline chitin; and reducing amount of agglomerated crystalline chitin and water in the processed colloidal mixture thereby to yield chitin nanowhisker gel.

Abstract: A polymeric composition capable of releasing nitric oxide and modulating biological responses comprises a biocompatible polymer and S-nitrosated thiol bonded to the biocompatible polymer. The polymeric composition can have a thiol conversion of at least 40%. The polymeric composition can also have a nitric oxide recovery of at least 40% when under thermal decomposition conditions.

Abstract: Modified chitosan hemostatic agents include reverse micelles (10) having an outer hydrophobic shell (12) of suitable biocompatible hydrophobic components such as alkanes, and hydrophilic positively charged chitosan moieties (14) enclosed within the hydrophobic shell (12). The hydrophobic shell (12) may be formed by attaching hydrophobic moieties to one end of chitosan polymer molecules while retaining sufficient reactive (positively charged) amine groups on the remainder of the chitosan polymers for effective blood clotting. The resulting reverse micelles (10) have the capability of penetrating mucous membranes such as nasal mucosa (20) or otherwise penetrating to bleed sites shielded or partially shielded by mucosa or other tissues.

Abstract: Conjugates are provided, an exemplary conjugating having a single water-soluble, non-peptidic polymer, such as a poly(ethylene oxide), attached to a chitosan. Complexes of small interfering nucleic acids formed with such conjugates as well as small interfering nucleic acids attached to such conjugates are also provided. Related methods, intermediates, and compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for inflammatory bowel disease and an NF-kB activation inhibitor, each of which comprises chitin nanofibers or chitosan nanofibers.

Abstract: The invention provides highly concentrated chitosan-nucleic acid polyplex compositions and dispersions, and methods for producing the compositions and dispersions. Methods of mixing the chitosan-nucleic acid polyplexes include an inline mixing of chitosan solution and nucleic acid solution, followed by further concentrating the dispersion of chitosan-nucleic acid polyplexes, optionally with an aggregation inhibitor. Further provides are methods for altering the diameter of chitosan-nucleic acid polyplexes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cross-linked molecularly imprinted polymer including cross-linked chitosan having selective binding sites for phosphate ions, phosphate containing molecules, or a combination of both.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to implantable medical devices having a non-bioabsorbable substrate and an amphiphilic coating covalently bonded to the substrate for reducing the inflammatory response to the device after implantation.

Abstract: Tissue and other body structures may be protected using a hydrated composition made from free-flowing substantially collagen-free rehydratable polysaccharide particles and rehydratable polysaccharide sponges. Rehydration of the particles without clumping may be carried out be dispersing the particles in a biocompatible water-miscible polar dispersant such as ethanol and combining the dispersion with sufficient aqueous solvent for the particles to convert them to a cohesive hydrogel. The hydrated composition may assist in returning an injured, inflamed or surgically repaired surface to a normal state, e.g., through one or more healing mechanisms such as modulation of an inflammatory response, phagocytosis, mucosal remodeling, reciliation or other full or partial restoration of normal function.

Abstract: A process for producing a salt of a chitosan acid anion derivative, which comprises contacting chitosan fibre (a) with a base in an aqueous or non-aqueous medium and (b) with a solution in an aqueous or non-aqueous medium of a salt of the formula (I): M-R-T wherein M is a Group IA metal cation; R is a hydrocarbyl oxoacid anion, substituted by T; and T is a nucleophilic leaving group, all at a temperature below 50° C., preferably in the range of 30 to 40° C.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds represented by the structure of the general formula (A): wherein L is a lipid or a phospholipid, Z is either nothing, ethanolamine, serine, inositol, choline, or glycerol, Y is either nothing or a spacer group ranging in length from 2 to 30 atoms, X is a physiologically acceptable monomer, dimer, oligomer, or polymer, wherein X is a glycosaminoglycan; and n is a number from 1 to 1000, wherein any bond between L, Z, Y and X is either an amide or an esteric bond.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to chitosan beads consisting of chitosan cross-linked with citrate ions. The present invention furthermore pertains to a filler comprising such chitosan-citrate beads. In one embodiment of the instant invention the filler is a dermal filler. In one further embodiment of the present invention the dermal filler is for the treatment of wrinkles and/or folds. In another embodiment of the instant invention the filler is for use in the treatment of a medical condition. The filler provided in the present invention may further comprise one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients. Further, the present invention pertains to a process for preparing the filler as claimed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amine grafted chitosan nanofiber having the formula (I) wherein R1 to R5 are independently selected from linear or branched C1-C20 alkandiyl C6-C24 arenediyl; k and m are independently selected from 1 to 10, wherein, in case that k and/or m are >1, each R4 and R5 group can be independently selected; and 1 and n are independently selected from 50-3000, a method for the preparation thereof and its use in heavy metal adsorption.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition including an antibacterial polymer bound to a synthetic water soluble polymer, methods of using the composition for avoiding bacterial growth and processes of making plastic material which include these antibacterial compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bonding product suitable as a carrier for medicinal substances and to the compound derived therefrom that carries medicinal substances. The invention further relates to a process and device for preparing such bonding products and compounds. Further, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing such bonding products and compounds, and to the use thereof for preparing an infusible medicament for treating a disease.

Abstract: Processes for the synthesis of lipochitooligosaccharides were developed. A fully acylated oligoglucosamine precursor is prepared and reacted with a glucosamine monomer that has an amine protecting phthaloyl group. With removal of the phthaloyl group, a fatty acid may be added on the terminal glucosamine unit, forming a lipochitooligosaccharide. The processes can be adapted for use on a commercial scale.

Abstract: Methods of extracting chitin and chitosan from fungal biomass using a solution of one or more ammonia compounds, amines, and/or alkaline silicate compounds. The solution dissolves and extracts amino acids, fatty acids and other carbohydrates from the fungal cells leaving chitin and/or chitosan, and the extractant may be recovered from the liquid by simple phase changes such as heating or cooling, dissociation into volatile components, distillation and/or solidification and separation of immiscible extractants. Further lipid removal may be achieved with one or more organic solvents, which may also be recovered by distillation.

Abstract: The invention relates to biocompatible, bioabsorbable derivatized non-crosslinked chitosan compositions optionally crosslinked to gelatin/collagen by 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) for biomedical use and methods of making and testing such compositions, including a modified acute systemic toxicity test. The compositions comprise derivatized chitosan reacetylated to a degree of N-deacetylation (DDA) of between about 15% and 40%. The compositions are typically bioabsorbed in about 90 days or less and can be made to bioabsorb at differing rates of speed. The compositions are initially soluble in aqueous solution below pH 6.5. The compositions have an acid content that can be adjusted between about 0% (w/w) and about 8% (w/w) to customize the composition for uses that require and/or tolerate differing levels of cytotoxicity, adhesion, composition cohesion, and cell infiltration into the composition.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing biological material utilizing chitosan are provided herein. Methods may include the steps of reducing the pH of an amount of culture to about 5 to 7, incorporating an amount of a chitosan solution into the culture to form a mixture, wherein chitosan in the chitosan solution binds to the biological material; increasing the pH of the culture to about 7 to 10, to flocculate biological material in the culture, concentrating the flocculates, reducing the pH of the concentrated flocculates to about 3 to 5, and separating the recovered chitosan solution from the concentrated biological material.

Abstract: A hydrogel is provided which is obtained by reacting an azide group and a cyclooctyne group in the absence of a catalyst, especially in the absence of a copper catalyst. The hydrogel has: (a) a first polymer moiety composed of hyaluronic acid, carboxymethyl dextran or the like; (b) a second polymer moiety composed of hyaluronic acid, carboxymethyl dextran or the like, said second polymer moiety being of a kind that is same as or different from the kind of the moiety (a) and is composed of a molecule different from the moiety (a); and (c) a triazole ring group or a derivative group thereof.

Abstract: A composite material is formed by combining an expandable polymer having a charge with another polymer having an opposite charge to produce. In particular, the composite material can be prepared by combining the polymers with a medium such as and water, and expanding the mixture using a treatment that expands the mixture to produce, for example, insoluble porous foam-like composites.

Abstract: A nanoparticle of glucidamin derived from organism for treating tumor and preparation method thereof, wherein the viscosity-average molecular weight of glucidamin is in the range of 1×103-9×105, and the amount of free amino groups in the glucidamin is in the range of 50%-100% based on the total amino groups. The preparation method of the nanoparticle comprises steps listed below: (1) adding the glucidamin possessing one or more molecular weight into thin acid solution at 20-60° C. to form saccharan solution, wherein the content of saccharan in solution is in the range of 0.1%-5% by weight; (2) adjusting the pH of the solution to 6-9 in order to form emulsion of microparticle; (3) separating the microparticle from the emulsion, dried at low temperature to obtain the nanoparticle of glucidamin for treating tumor. The nano-class glucidamin can enhance their activity against tumor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite including chitosan and/or chitin and a catechol-based compound, an organic reinforcing material composition including the composite, a product manufactured by using the organic reinforcing material composition, and a method for preparing a chitosan and/or chitin composite with improved strength, including the step of adding the catechol-based compound to chitosan and/or chitin. The chitosan and/or chitin composite including the catechol-based compound is advantageous in that it is able to maintain high strength in a wet-swollen state by improving the problem of strength reduction due to moisture, compared to the composites containing no catechol-based compound.

Abstract: A composition suitable for use in wound healing, particularly for reducing post-surgical adhesions, containing cross-linked derivatives of chitosan and dextran polymers. A hydrogel forms when solutions of the polymers are combined.

Abstract: Porous chitosan scaffold having high mechanical strength, methods for making the porous chitosan scaffold, and method for using the porous chitosan scaffold.

Abstract: At least some embodiments of the invention relates to an implant having a coating that contains or is composed of a functionalized RGD peptidomimetic RGD-P1 having the formula (1) and/or a functionalized RGD peptidomimetic RGD-P2 having the formula (2), and an associated manufacturing method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds which are capable of exerting an inhibitory effect on the Na+ glucose cotransporter SGLT in order to hinder glucose and galactose absorption, as well as on lipase thus reducing dietary triglyceride metabolism, for use in the treatment of conditions which benefit therefrom (diabetes. Metabolic Syndrome, obesity, prevention of weight gain or aiding weight loss). These compounds comprise a non-absorbable, non-digestible polymer having a glucopyranosyl or galactopyranosyl or equivalent moiety stably and covalently linked thereto, said glucopyranosyl or galactopyranosyl moiety being able to occupy the glucose-binding pocket of a SGLT transporter.

Abstract: Nanocellulose foams containing at least one active ingredient and methods of preparing such nanocellulose foams containing one or more active ingredients are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method for preparing nanocellulose foam containing active ingredients may include forming a liquid mixture of nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose is at least one of dispersed, suspended or gelled in the liquid mixture; drying the liquid mixture of nanocellulose to form a nanocellulose foam; and mixing at least one active ingredient into at least one of the liquid mixture of nanocellulose or the nanocellulose foam. In some embodiments, a nanocellulose structure may include a nanocellulose foam comprising at least one of a carboxylate group, a hydroxyl group, or a sulfate group bonded to an active ingredient. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose structures are enhanced or crosslinked with metal cations.

Abstract: A medicinal carrier is provided. The medicinal carrier comprises a first component, which is a biocompatible polymer with an amino group (—NH2); a saccharide; and a second component which is a biocompatible material. The saccharide grafts to the first component via the amino group (—NH2) of the first component, and the first component bonds to the second component via an ionic bond. The medicinal carrier can protect the medicine from gastric acid and swell or decompose to release the medicine under a specific pH condition, thus, showing a good applicability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water soluble quaternized chitosan derivatives which form hydrogel matrix with broad antimicrobial properties for the protection and coating of medical device. Hydrogel is attractive as an antimicrobial coating since its hydrophilicity intrinsically prevents the reversible nonspecific attachment of microbes. In order to achieve hydrogel formation, quaternized chitosan can be grafted with polymerizable groups, especially photocrosslinkable groups, such as methacrylates, PEG derivatives and be converted into hydrogels through a thermal or UV polymerization process. Hydrogels are hydrated cross-linked polymeric systems that contain water in an equilibrium state forming cushion water shield. The present invention is widely used in many medical devices.

Abstract: Methods for the production chitin nanofibers and uses thereof. Furthermore, methods for the production of chitin nanofibers and the fabrication of chitin nanofiber structures and devices.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for reversible covalent binding of benefit agents to keratinous substrates through the reaction of a dicarbonyl functional group on the surface of a benefit agent with reactive amines on keratinous surfaces. The deposits formed are durable and resistant to transfer, but are readily removed by contacting the deposit with an amine-containing solution.

Abstract: An anti-microbial absorbent chitosan, optionally in the form or fibres, derivatised by treatment with high energy, in particular gamma, radiation, a non-woven fabric and an absorbent device comprising the derivatised chitosan, methods for the preparation of such a chitosan, non-woven fabric and an absorbent device, and the use of said absorbent device in wound care.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides polymer compounds binding with lipoamide produced by the reaction of the primary amine group of lipoamide with the carboxy group of polysaccharide compounds such as chondroitin sulfates, carboxymethyl celluloses, or hyaluronic acids; functional compounds such as peptides, proteins, growth factors; or drugs; or biocompatible polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl alcohol), or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The present disclosure also provides their synthesis methods, products of hydrogels and films using the same as and methods for manufacturing the products.

Abstract: Improved hemostatic agents take the form of granules or particles that can be used to stanch, seal, or stabilize a site of hemorrhage, including a noncompressible hemorrhage.

Abstract: At least some embodiments of the invention relates to an implant having a coating that contains or is composed of a functionalized RGD peptidomimetic RGD-P1 having the formula (1) and/or a functionalized RGD peptidomimetic RGD-P2 having the formula (2), and an associated manufacturing method.

Abstract: Bakery products and pasta with added chitosan are disclosed. The chitosan is addified with a biologically acceptable acid and added to pasta and baked products. Once the baked products and/or pasta are ingested, gastro-intestinal absorption of fats is limited even after cooking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water soluble quaternized chitosan derivatives which form hydrogel matrix with broad antimicrobial properties for the protection and coating of medical device. Hydrogel is attractive as an antimicrobial coating since its hydrophilicity intrinsically prevents the reversible nonspecific attachment of microbes. In order to achieve hydrogel formation, quaternized chitosan can be grafted with polymerizable groups, especially photocrosslinkable groups, such as methacrylates, PEG derivatives and be converted into hydrogels through a thermal or UV polymerization process. Hydrogels are hydrated cross-linked polymeric systems that contain water in an equilibrium state forming cushion water shield. The present invention is widely used in many medical devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multifunctional chitosan grafted surface. Specifically, the invention relates to a chitosan modified with a quaternary ammonium salt (CH-Q) grafted surface that provides various functional properties, including stability (pH 3-9) and unique pH dependent swelling and antibacterial properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cross-linkable chitosan composition comprising chitosan having a degree of deacetylation between 30 and 75%, wherein the chitosan is randomly deacetylated, and a cross-linking agent, wherein the molar ratio of the cross-linking agent to chitosan is 0.2:1 or less based on the number of functional groups in the cross-linking agent and the number of accessible amino groups in the chitosan. The invention also provides a chitosan hydrogel formed therefrom and uses thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to RNAi agents useful in methods of treating Beta-ENaC-related diseases such as cystic fibrosis, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1), Liddle's syndrome, hypertension, alkalosis, hypokalemia, and obesity-associated hypertension, using a therapeutically effective amount of a RNAi agent to Beta-ENaC.

Abstract: There is provided a method for the preparation of an N,N,N-trialkylaminopolymer having one or more unsubstituted heteroatoms different from nitrogen atom. The method comprises a first step of alkylating an aminopolymer to produce an N,N-dialkylaminopolymer, wherein substantially no N,N,N-trialkylaminopolymer is produced; and a second step of alkylating the N,N-diaminopolymer to produce the N,N,N-trialkylaminopolymer. The N,N,N-trialkylaminopolymer is produced with a satisfactory degree of quaternization and with only a low percentage of the unsubstituted heteroatoms alkylated. The N,N,N-trialkylaminopolymer can be an N,N,N-trialkylaminopolysaccharide or an N,N,N-trialkylchitosan such as N,N,N-trimethylchitosan.

Abstract: A method of enzymatic extraction of chitin is realized in a single step wherein the chitin is obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of raw material constituted by animal biomass including chitin, the enzymatic hydrolysis using an enzyme active in acid medium. Also disclosed is a process of optimization of the method of enzymatic extraction of chitin, as well as the chitin susceptible to be obtained by the method of enzymatic extraction.

Abstract: A medicinal carrier is provided. The medicinal carrier comprises a first component, which is a biocompatible polymer with an amino group (—NH2); a saccharide; and a second component which is a biocompatible material. The saccharide grafts to the first component via the amino group (—NH2) of the first component, and the first component bonds to the second component via an ionic bond. The medicinal carrier can protect the medicine from gastric acid and swell or decompose to release the medicine under a specific pH condition, thus, showing a good applicability.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to an embolic material which, in some embodiments, may be in the form of a microsphere or a plurality of microspheres. The embolic material generally comprises carboxymethyl chitosan (CCN) crosslinked with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In some embodiments, the embolic material may further comprise a therapeutic agent, such as doxorubicin.

Abstract: Provided are a method of producing a porous chitosan scaffold, the method including: providing an aqueous acidic solution having chitosan and a solvent which does not dissolve the chitosan; and freeze-drying the aqueous acidic solution, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of a C3-C8 aliphatic alcohol having one hydroxy group, ethylene glycol monoethylether, ethylene glycol monobutylether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylcarbonate, acetone and acetonitrile, and a chitosan scaffold produced using the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cross-linked thiazolidinone chitosan dibenzo crown ether, a method for its preparation as well as its use as adsorbent.

Abstract: The invention relates to inhibitory compounds of a p38 MAP kinase having a structure of type (I)-(VII) which can be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of adhesion. Pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed containing an effective amount of the substance SB203580 or one or more of the conjugated compounds of type (I)-(VII) or a combination thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a diluent or an excipient. Also disclosed is the use of the substance SB203580 as an agent having anti-adhesion activity. Also disclosed is a method for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of a disease or a condition in which there is a possibility of the formation and/or growth of adhesions, which makes it possible to dispense with the additional administration of a preparation in the post-operative period.

Abstract: This invention is directed to advanced hemorrhage control wound dressings, and methods of using and producing same. The subject wound dressing is constructed from a non-mammalian material for control of severe 5 bleeding. The wound dressing for controlling severe bleeding is formed of a biomaterial comprising chitosan, a hydrophilic polymer, a polyacrylic polymer or a combination thereof, The kind of severe, life-threatening bleeding contemplated by this invention is typically of the type not capable of being stanched when a conventional gauze wound dressing is applied with conventional 10 pressure to the subject wound. The wound dressing being capable of substantially stanching the flow of the severe life-threatening bleeding from the wound by adhering to the wound site, to seal the wound, to accelerate blood clot formation at the wound site, to reinforce clot formation at the wound site and prevent bleed out from the wound site, and to substantially prohibit the flow of 15 blood out of the wound site.