Abstract: Chitosan-containing blends and methods of dissolving and using chitosan are disclosed. A blend includes a solid acid or a solid agent that generates a proton in situ in the presence of water mixed together with a dry solid chitosan, and may optionally contain other components. The blends are in a dry, free-flowing, particulate form. Methods of dissolving a blend typically comprise adding a quantity of the blend to a low volume of water and mixing until the chitosan and solid acid or solid agent are dissolved and then further diluting this mixture by the addition of water, or used as-is. Devices containing the blends are also described along with methods of using the devices, such as for controlled release of solubilized chitosan in a body of water, such as a stream, containing impurities (e.g., particles, sediment, or suspended matter or dissolved substances) to cause flocculation or precipitation of such impurities.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to chitosan-derivative compounds and structures, methods of making chitosan-derivative compounds and methods for controlling, inhibiting and enhancing microbial populations in a variety of environments. The present invention is also directed to the control, inhibition and enhancement of microbial populations in animals, particularly humans. The microbial populations include bacteria, viruses and other pathogens where control of microbial populations are a necessity. The chitosan-derivative compounds of the present invention include chitosan-arginine compounds, related chitosan-L/D unnatural amino acid compounds, chitosan-acid amine compounds, chitosan-L/D natural amino acid derivative compounds, co-derivatives of the chitosan-derivative compounds, salts of the chitosan derivative compounds, and chitosan-guanidine compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anti-wrinkle cosmetic composition comprising chitooligosaccharide as an effective component, more specifically, the cosmetic composition to inhibit collagen degradation induced by UV-A irradiation.

Abstract: Disclosed are polysaccharides containing residues of glucosamine or galactosamine in the repetitive unit, characterized by the presence of esters on the hydroxyls or amides on the amine functions, with lipoic acid or with mixtures of lipoic acid and formic acid.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of reducing bacteria in the mouth of a subject, the method comprising contacting (e.g., rinsing) the mouth with an effective amount of a composition comprising a soluble derivatized chitosan, thereby reducing bacteria in the mouth of the subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bioactive composition obtained through the technique of electrospinning and composed of at least one polymer. Furthermore, the invention also discloses a process for the incorporation of such electrospun bioactive composition, as a coating over a plastic matrix to obtain composite materials for their use in both biodegradable and non-biodegradable biomedical implants and in tissue engineering.

Abstract: A method for producing chitosan from naturally occurring chitin-containing raw material, such as crustacean shells, includes an optional pretreatment step to remove non-chitin rich organic material for example, shrimp flesh, from the raw material, e.g., shrimp shells. The optional pretreatment is followed by a demineralization step utilizing a mild hydrochloric acid solution and a deproteination step utilizing a mild sodium hydroxide solution. The deproteination step is followed by a deacetylation step to remove the acetyl group from N-acetylglucosamine (chitin) to form an amine group, yielding d-glucosamine (chitosan). Each step is followed by a washing step and the product is dried, preferably at a temperature not in excess of about 65° C. Known purification and grinding steps may also be used to produce the final chitosan product. The process is carried out in equipment comprising a series of substantially identical or similar tanks (18, 26, 36, etc.) and dryers (62, 62?), suitably interconnected.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the delivery of nucleic acids in a non-viral vector to cells by positively charged chitosan derivatives, including but not limited to chitosan-arginine, chitosan-lysine and chitosan-histidine.

Abstract: We provide methods and compositions for the treatment of dysregulation of blood vessel growth by regulation of neovascularization. Embodiments accomplish this by restricting the diffusion and transport of therapeutic agents through conjugating them to polymers or polymer constructs while retaining the binding affinities and functions of the therapeutic agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of use for compounds in treating, reducing the incidence, reducing the severity or pathogenesis of an intestinal disease or condition in a subject, including, inter alia, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an implantable device having a biosoluble coating comprising a polyelectrolyte and a counterion and the methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The current application discloses fluids and methods for treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore, such as hydraulic fracturing. In one aspect, there is provided an oilfield fluid comprising chitosan at an amount sufficient to inhibit the growth of bacterial in the oilfield fluid. In another aspect, there is provided a method of preserving an oilfield fluid containing adding chitosan at a concentration that is sufficient to inhibit the growth of bacteria in the oilfield fluid. In a further aspect, there is provided a method of treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore, comprising preparing a treatment fluid, adding chitosan at a concentration sufficient to inhibit the growth of bacteria in the treatment fluid, introducing the mixture to the subterranean formation, and treating the subterranean formation with the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for removing phosphate from a subject using chitosan. The present invention also provides compositions and methods for treating hyperphosphatemia based on phosphate-binding chitosan.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) is disclosed: wherein definitions of R1, R2, and R3 are the same as those defined in the specification. The compound of formula (I) can emit light via an intramolecular interaction of an imino group and an electron-donatable moiety contained in the compound. A photoluminescent organic composition is also disclosed, which includes a compound represented by formula (II) in the presence of an electron-donatable compound, wherein definitions of R4, R5, and R6 are the same as those defined in the specification. The photoluminescent organic composition can emit light via an intermolecular interaction of an imino group contained in the compound of formula (II) and an electron-donatable moiety contained in the electron-donatable compound.

Abstract: A stabilized chitosan-based nanoparticle is provided having a chitosan polymer and a hydrophilic dispersing agent. In the stabilized nanoparticle, chains of the chitosan polymer electrostatically interact with chains of the hydrophilic dispersing agent to form an entangled network between the chitosan polymer and the hydrophilic dispersing agent. The stabilized chitosan-based nanoparticle has optimal particle integrity and stability properties under physiological conditions.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing water-treatment particles comprises respectively preparing a particle-fabricating solution that comprises chitinous composition and a forming solution first. Next, a complex solution is prepared by adding calcium sulfite into the particle-fabricating solution. Finally, the complex solution is pumped into the forming solution to form water-treatment particles. In addition, water-treatment particles manufactured by the method above are also disclosed in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for disinfecting or decontaminating a material or for preventing an infection or contamination of a material. The invention further relates to compositions which are suitable for disinfecting a material or for preventing an infection or contamination of a material and to uses of such compositions. The invention further relates to a medical use of chitosan and to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the chitosan. The invention further relates to a method of treating a microbial infection and to an aqueous solution comprising chitosan. The invention moreover relates to a chitosan or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a chitosan for an epithelial cell growth stimulating treatment of a patient's tissue and to a method of stimulating the growth of epithelial cells. The invention also relates to a tissue dressing material.

Abstract: Compositions containing biomass, an ionic liquid, and an amide are described herein. Methods of their preparation and use in extracting and processing biomass are also described herein. Further described herein are films and fibers prepared from the compositions. Methods of recovering the ionic liquids used to process the biomass are also provided.

Abstract: Formulations, methods, and products for preventing or decreasing insolubilization of chitosan-containing compositions are provided. By employing embodiments discussed herein, the ability of a chitosan-containing composition to properly solubilize at a desired time may be preserved.

Abstract: Conjugates are provided, an exemplary conjugating having a single water-soluble, non-peptidic polymer, such as a poly(ethylene oxide), attached to a chitosan. Complexes of small interfering nucleic acids formed with such conjugates as well as small interfering nucleic acids attached to such conjugates are also provided. Related methods, intermediates, and compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a galenic form comprising particles capable of specifically adsorbing the undesirable molecules present in the digestive tract, to the method for preparing same and to the use thereof in particular for producing a medicine intended for preventing or treating undesirable effects linked to an imbalance of the intestinal and/or colonic flora that can result for example from treatment with antibiotics.

Abstract: A chitosan for use in an antimicrobial treatment of a patient's tissue and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a chitosan for use in an antimicrobial treatment of a patient's tissue. A method of treating a microbial infection, the method comprising the step of administering to a patient an effective amount of a chitosan and an aqueous solution comprising chitosan. A chitosan or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a chitosan for use in an epithelial cell growth stimulating treatment of a patient's tissue. A method of stimulating the growth of epithelial cells the method comprising the step of administering to a patient or to an epithelial cells containing cell culture an effective amount of a chitosan or a pharmaceutical composition comprising chitosan. A tissue dressing material characterized in that it consists of chitosan or a chitosan comprising composition.

Abstract: This invention discloses chemically modified polyaminosaccharides, in particular chemically modified chitosans, in the molecular structure of which a predetermined proportion of the amino functional groups is sulfonated by the hydrocarbyl sultone compound via a covalent bond. Such chemically modified polyaminosaccharides may be produced by a process of sulfonating an un-modified polyaminosaccharide having amino functional groups by a hydrocarbyl sultone compound in the presence of an organic solvent under a suitable temperature. Chemically modified chitosans of this invention may be used in a variety of applications, including wound healing.

Abstract: Biomaterials that support cell attachment and growth are provided. In one aspect, biomaterials are provided comprising a first polymer matrix comprising reactive amino moieties and a second polymer matrix that interpenetrates with the first polymer matrix, where the second polymer matrix comprises a poly(alkylene oxide) comprising two or more alkylene oxide oligomers joined by gamma-thioether carbonyl linkages. In another aspect, biomaterials are provided comprising at least one biopolymer comprising amino groups, thiol groups, and bifunctional modifiers connecting at least some of the amino groups to at least some of the thiol groups; and at least one poly(alkylene oxide) cross-linked to at least two thiol groups of the biopolymer. The biomaterials may further comprise a pharmacologically active agent or cells. Methods of administering such biomaterials to a patient in need thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Because of the formation of disulfide bridges with mucus glycoproteins, the mucoadhesive properties of polymeric compounds can be significantly improved by the covalent attachment of thiol substructures to them. By the transformation of free thiol groups on such polymers in disulfides with mercaptonicotinamides or mercaptopyridoxins these thiol groups become comparatively more reactive resulting in significantly improved mucoadhesive properties. Furthermore, polymers exhibiting disulfide partialstructures with mercaptonicotinamides or mercaptopyridoxins do not need to be protected against oxidation. In addition, they show comparatively higher permeation enhancing properties.

Abstract: A biomaterial is disclosed having unique properties that make it useful in ocular drug delivery applications, where the drugs selected from the group consisting of a prostaglandin, a prostamide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and a corticosteroid, and mixtures, derivatives, salts and esters thereof.

Abstract: Described herein are implantable medical devices comprising a biocompatible polymer comprising a triggerable bioadhesive property that allows the device to adhere to body tissue. The triggerable bioadhesive property of the polymer can be triggered or activated by exposure to a stimulus. Also, the present invention pertains to methods of making an implantable medical device comprising a biocompatible polymer comprising a triggerable bioadhesive property that allows the device to adhere to body tissue.

Abstract: The invention provides a polymer support characterised in that the polymer is 6-amino 6-deoxy chitosan. Metal-immobilised 6-amino 6-deoxy chitosan is further provided, more particularly including one of Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh Ir, Os, Mn, Ni, Co and Fe in all their possible oxidation states complexed to 6-amino 6-deoxy chitosan through a Schiff-base ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water soluble quaternized chitosan derivatives which form hydrogel matrix with broad antimicrobial properties for the protection and coating of medical device. Hydrogel is attractive as an antimicrobial coating since its hydrophilicity intrinsically prevents the reversible nonspecific attachment of microbes. In order to achieve hydrogel formation, quaternized chitosan can be grafted with polymerizable groups, especially photocrosslinkable groups, such as methacrylates, PEG derivatives and be converted into hydrogels through a thermal or UV polymerization process. Hydrogels are hydrated cross-linked polymeric systems that contain water in an equilibrium state forming cushion water shield.

Abstract: The invention discloses the synthesis of a new-type chitosan-based hybrid macromolecule and a method for producing or using the macromolecule. This macromolecule comprises an amphiphatic chitosan and a silicon-based coupling agent that is anchored by a chemical bonding. The method for producing the hybrid macromolecule can be easily operated under ambient environment. The produced macromolecule can be self-assembled in an aqueous environment to form a nanocarrier, and has the ability to efficiently encapsulate drugs for a subsequent sustained release purpose. This self-assembled hybrid nanocarrier demonstrated features of excellent biocompatibility, drug loading ability and cellular uptake efficiency.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds of chitosan saccharified with aminosugar, adopts chitosan derivatives, aminosugar derivatives and anhydride derivatives as raw materials to synthesize target products. The process comprises: covalently bonding an anhydride derivative as a bonding arm to an aminosugar derivative, so as to form a monosaccharide derivative having an end group of carboxyl; and then covalently bonding the monosaccharide derivative having an end group of carboxyl to a primary amino group of a chitosan derivative via the carboxyl, so as to form a compound of chitosan saccharified with aminosugar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic compounds that are active on plants, especially as legume nodulation factors, and also as plant growth stimulators, and to methods for preparing such compounds, which are of formula (I).

Abstract: A composition is disclosed suitable for the prevention and/or treatment of disorders due to abnormal lipid metabolism, such as hypercholesterolaemia, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidaemia and obesity, and which can therefore take the form of a dietary supplement or of an actual medicine, comprising as characterizing active ingredients: (a) propionyl L-carnitine or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, and (b) chitosan or its derivatives and congeners.

Abstract: The present invention relates a processing method for nano-miniaturizing chitosan of modifying property, which degrades the chitosan of high molecular weight down to the chitosan of middle and low molecular weight, then primarily nano-miniaturizes the interim chitosan by quaternary ammonium salt/synthesis, finally yield the nano-miniaturized chitosan of modified property by sol-gel method to have features in good biocompatibility and bioactivity to be served as additive material in products of cosmetics, medical treatment, hygiene, health care, biomedicine, agriculture, textile, food and so like so that not only the antiseptic, moisture-retentive and deodorizing capabilities can be promoted but also the processing cost can be reduced due to easiness of the mass production.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-fatigue composition containing chitooligosaccharide as an active ingredient. The composition exhibits a fatigue recovery effect, and thus can be widely used in the health food or medical field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oligomeric or polymeric saccharide derivatives comprising glucosamine moieties, e.g. derivatives of oligomeric or polymeric glucosamines such as chitosan oligomers or polymers, in which one or more amine groups are substituted by anchoring groups that chemisorb to the surface of a nanoparticle or form an interdigitated bilayer with a surfactant layer surrounding the nanoparticle. The invention also relates to functionalized nanoparticles comprising such derivatives, a method for forming the functionalized particles and to uses thereof as molecular imaging agents, biosensing agents or drug delivery agents, or in the preparation of such agents.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are biomolecule-polymer conjugates of Formula 1, as well as methods of preparing same and kits for preparing same.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of treating heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-related diseases such as cancer and viral diseases, using a therapeutically effective amount of a RNAi agent to HSF.

Abstract: At least some embodiments of the invention relates to an implant having a coating that contains or is composed of a functionalized RGD peptidomimetic RGD-P1 having the formula (1) and/or a functionalized RGD peptidomimetic RGD-P2 having the formula (2), and an associated manufacturing method.

Abstract: At least some embodiments of the invention relates to an implant having a coating that contains or is composed of a functionalized RGD peptidomimetic RGD-P1 having the formula (1) and/or a functionalized RGD peptidomimetic RGD-P2 having the formula (2), and an associated manufacturing method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for forming films, fibers, and beads comprising a chitinous mass, for example, chitin, chitosan obtained from one or more biomasses. The disclosed process can be used to prepare films, fibers, and beads comprising only polymers, i.e., chitin, obtained from a suitable biomass, or the films, fibers, and beads can comprise a mixture of polymers obtained from a suitable biomass and a naturally occurring and/or synthetic polymer. Disclosed herein are the films, fibers, and beads obtained from the disclosed process. This Abstract is presented solely to aid in searching the subject matter disclosed herein and is not intended to define, limit, or otherwise provide the full scope of the disclosed subject matter.

Abstract: Bismuth-containing compounds include bismuth and a biologically active agent coordinated to the bismuth. The biologically active agent includes at least one heteroatom configured for coordination with the bismuth. Coordination polymers include a polymer matrix that contains a bismuth-containing compound. Methods for modulating a pharmacokinetic property of a biologically active agent include coordinating the biologically active agent to bismuth to form a bismuth-containing compound, and administering the bismuth-containing compound orally to a patient. Methods for treating Parkinson's disease, methods for treating hypothyroidism, methods for treating ulcerative colitis, and methods for treating cancer each include administering a bismuth-containing compound to a patient.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for producing a chitosan derivative, and a product prepared thereby, by activating chitosan or a chitosan precursor chitin in alcohol that contains water from 0% to maximum of about 30% and preparing derivatives by reacting with a reagent to get derivatives that have various uses including an antimicrobial, or a microbiostatic, or an antitranspirant, or an antifungal, or a fruit preservative properties or as carrier of active molecules or functional groups etc. or a combination thereof. Illustrated derivatives include acid, succinic, enzymatically deacetylated, enzymatically hydrolysed by chitinolysis, sugar, formaldehyde, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and copper sulfate derivatives that are obtained by reaction individually or in a combination of consecutive reactions.

Abstract: Chitosan-containing blends and methods of dissolving and using chitosan are disclosed. A blend includes a solid acid or a solid agent that generates a proton in situ in the presence of water mixed together with a dry solid chitosan, and may optionally contain other components. The blends are in a dry, free-flowing, particulate form. Methods of dissolving a blend typically comprise adding a quantity of the blend to a low volume of water and mixing until the chitosan and solid acid or solid agent are dissolved and then further diluting this mixture by the addition of water, or used as-is. Devices containing the blends are also described along with methods of using the devices, such as for controlled release of solubilized chitosan in a body of water, such as a stream, containing impurities (e.g., particles, sediment, or suspended matter or dissolved substances) to cause flocculation or precipitation of such impurities.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing water-treatment particles comprises respectively preparing a particle-fabricating solution that comprises chitinous composition and a forming solution first. Next, a complex solution is prepared by adding calcium sulfite into the particle-fabricating solution. Finally, the complex solution is pumped into the forming solution to form water-treatment particles. In addition, water-treatment particles manufactured by the method above are also disclosed in the specification.

Abstract: A plasma coating device for treating a wound comprises a plasma chamber having: one or more electrodes, a gas supply inlet, a plasma outlet exposed to ambient pressure, and an ignition system operatively connected to the electrodes for providing a non-thermal equilibrium plasma within the plasma chamber. An aerosol delivery system is operable to introduce a bioresorbable material as an aerosol into the plasma, to produce a coating on the wound surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biopolymer-modified nanocarrier in which chitosan is bound to a water-soluble biocompatible polymer that has been crosslinked via a photo-crosslinkable functional group; wherein the chitosan-modified nanocarrier has a diameter which changes in accordance with changes in temperature, has enhanced skin permeability or cellular uptake and selective delivery to cancer tissue as compared with a bare nanocarrier to which chitosan has not been bound, and exhibits characteristics that are advantageous in photothermal therapy. The chitosan-modified nanocarrier of the present invention exhibits highly superior efficacy as a transdermal carrier, since the skin permeability is enhanced to a significant level as compared with a bare nanocarrier that has no chitosan.

Abstract: A structure is disclosed containing a sorbent with amine groups that is capable of a reversible adsorption and desorption cycle for capturing CO2 from a gas mixture wherein said structure is composed of fiber filaments wherein the fiber material is carbon and/or polyacrylonitrile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer made of a primary amine functionalized polymer and a hemicellulose e.g. chitosan and xyloglucan, wherein the primary amine functionalized polymer is covalently bound to the hemicellulose, and to a cross-linking agent composition comprising the polymer. A method wherein manufacturing a cellulose containing product comprises the steps of; providing a cellulose containing product; treating said cellulose product with a cellulose adsorbing agent comprising a polymer made of a primary amine functionalized polymer and a hemicellulose e.g. chitosan and xyloglucan, and optionally other additives is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to amphiphilic compounds, self assembling compositions formed from the amphiphilic compounds and methods of making such compositions.