Abstract: The present invention provides a method for enantioselectively producing a nonracemic 6,7-dihydroxy geranyloxy compound from a geranyloxy compound. In particular, methods of the present invention involve enantioselectively epoxidizing the geranyloxy compound and hydrolyzing the epoxide moiety under conditions sufficient to produce the nonracemic 6,7-dihydroxy geranyloxy compound.
Abstract: A process for producing phenol resin having good color tone, which process comprises reacting hydroxyl group-containing aromatic compound and unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon under the condition that the moisture is 100 ppm or less and the concentration of Friedel-Crafts catalyst is 0.07 mass % or less in a reaction system and a process for producing epoxy resin having good color tone, which process comprises reacting the obtained phenol resin and epihalohydrin in the presence of base catalyst, removing remaining catalyst and further removing unreacted epihalohydrin.
Abstract: Highly pure optically active threo-3-amino-1,2-epoxy compounds appropriate for materials for manufacturing drugs and a process for producing the same on an industrial scale. An optically active threo-3-amino-1,2-diol derivative is subjected in an organic solvent in the presence of a base to alkylsufonylation or arylsulfonylation to thereby give the corresponding optically active threo-3-amino-2-hydroxy-1-sulfonyloxy compound. Next, the resultant product is subjected to epoxidation in the presence of a base to give the corresponding optically active threo-3-amino-1,2-epoxy compound. The thus obtained epoxy compound is purified by using an organic solvent and water, thus giving a highly pure epoxy compound.
Type:
Application
Filed:
November 30, 2001
Publication date:
May 16, 2002
Inventors:
Yukihiro Sagawa, Jouji Sekine, Hisao Sato
Abstract: Highly pure optically active threo-3-amino-1,2-epoxy compounds appropriate for materials for manufacturing drugs and a process for producing the same on an industrial scale. An optically active threo-3-amino-1,2-diol derivative is subjected in an organic solvent in the presence of a base to alkylsufonylation or arylsulfonylation to thereby give the corresponding optically active threo-3-amino-2-hydroxy-1-sulfonyloxy compound. Next, the resultant product is subjected to epoxidation in the presence of a base to give the corresponding optically active threo-3-amino-1,2-epoxy compound. The thus obtained epoxy compound is purified by using an organic solvent and water, thus giving a highly pure epoxy compound.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 12, 2000
Date of Patent:
April 23, 2002
Assignee:
Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha
Inventors:
Yukihiro Sagawa, Jouji Sekine, Hisao Sato
Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the expoxidation of a protected 3-methylene-(trans)-1,2,-hydroxymethylcyclopropane with cyclohexanone and potassium peroxymonosulfate and subsequent rearrangement to provide the corresponding cyclobutanone.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 4, 1998
Date of Patent:
March 5, 2002
Assignee:
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Inventors:
Paul R. Brodfuehrer, Thomas R. Sattleberg, Sr.
Abstract: A resilient polyurethane foam produced by using a polyether polyol produced by reacting alkylene oxides with a polyhydroxy compound having at least 2 hydroxyl groups as an initiator in the presence of the catalyst for alkylene oxide ring-opening polymerization of the present invention, which is excellent in foam physical properties, vibration characteristics and molding properties.
Abstract: Epichlorohydrin-based product containing at least 99.9% by weight of epichlorohydrin and a total amount of chloro impurities of less than or equal to 150 ppm by weight, and process for manufacturing this product by reaction of allyl chloride with a peroxide compound in the presence of water, a catalyst and a diluent in at least one reactor, and separation of the epichlorohydrin formed.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
November 25, 1998
Date of Patent:
September 11, 2001
Assignee:
Solvay (Société Anonyme)
Inventors:
Michel Strebelle, Patrick Gilbeau, Jean-Pierre Catinat
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for stereoselective or regioselective chemical synthesis which generally comprises reacting a nucleophile and a chiral or prochiral cyclic substrate in the presence of a non-racemic, chiral catalyst to produce a stereoisomerically- and/or regioisomerically-enriched product. The present invention also relates to hydrolytic kinetic resolutions of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of epoxides.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 14, 1998
Date of Patent:
July 17, 2001
Assignee:
President and Fellows of Harvard College
Inventors:
Eric N. Jacobsen, Makoto Tokunaga, Jay F. Larrow
Abstract: Process for the preparation of compounds of the formula
wherein Hal represents chlorine, bromine or iodine and preferably chlorine, wherein Ra represents hydrogen or a residue comprising one or more additional groups of the formula,
from compounds
wherein R2 represents hydrogen or a residue comprising one or more additional groups of the formula
by reaction with gaseous hydrogen halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of an organic acid;
process for the preparation of epoxy compounds starting from the reaction
to produce a compound of formula (III) which is converted to a compound of formula (A) that is dehydrohalogenated to form the epoxy rings of a diepoxy compound.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
September 29, 1999
Date of Patent:
May 22, 2001
Assignee:
Shell Oil Company
Inventors:
Jozef Jacobus Titus Smits, Judith Johanna Berendina Walhof
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of chiral 3,4-epoxybutyric acid expressed by formula (1) and the salt thereof, wherein (S)-3-activated-hydroxybutyrolactone expressed by formula (2) is subjected to a ring-opening reaction to obtain 4-hydroxy-3-activated hydroxybutyric acid expressed by formula (3), which is subjected to an epoxydation with an inversion of the chiral center.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 14, 2000
Date of Patent:
May 15, 2001
Inventors:
Il Suk Byun, Kyung Il Kim, Yoon Hwan Choi
Abstract: According to the inventive co-oxidation process of organic compounds, (A) a compound selected from (A1) a compound having a non-aromatic ethylenic bond and (A2) a ketone or an alcohol corresponding to the ketone is oxidized by molecular oxygen in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide or another imide compound and in the coexistence of (B) a compound oxidizable by the imide compound and oxygen and different from the compound (A). As the compound (B), (a) primary or secondary alcohols (e.g., benzhydrol, cyclohexanol), (b) compounds each having a carbon-hydrogen bond at the adjacent position to an unsaturated bond (e.g., tetralin, ethylbenzene) and the like can be used. According to this process, a corresponding epoxy compound from the compound (A1) having a non-aromatic ethylenic bond, and a corresponding ester or lactone from the ketone or its corresponding alcohol (A2) can be obtained in satisfactory yields.
Abstract: The invention is directed to new double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts, a process for the preparation of these catalysts, and to a process for the preparation of polyetherpolyols by the polyaddition of alkylene oxides to starter compounds which contain active hydrogen atoms, wherein the catalyst comprises the novel double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst of the present invention. These new double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts comprise a) one or more double metal cyanide compounds, b) one or more organic complex ligands, and c) one or more cyclodextrins, with the proviso that b) and c) are different compounds. The catalysts of this invention exhibit greatly increased activity during preparation of a polyetherpolyol.
Abstract: A reactive and durable anti-static agent and the method of preparing the anti-static agent comprises: a compound with an amine group and a compound with an epoxide group added into the flask, stirred under the gradual raised temperature, reacted into an anti-static agent with a reactive functional group under proper temperature. The characteristics of the invention is that the reaction of preparing the anti-static agent is very active, and the preparing method is easy. With the reactive functional groups and polymer additives which enable the reaction in polymer, in addition to the endurance and a long lifetime, the surface property of the anti-static agent is improved. Therefore, the anti-static prepared according to the invention is broadly in use of industry.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 19, 1997
Date of Patent:
December 5, 2000
Assignee:
Industrial Technology Research Institute
Abstract: A process for producing amide derivatives represented by general formula (XV) ##STR1## or enantiomers thereof, novel intermediate compounds useful for producing these compounds, etc., and a process for producing the same, wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification. Compared with the conventional processes, the above process can be very easily effected and enables an efficient production of the compounds (XV), i.e., those involving the compounds (XVI) having an HIV protease inhibitory effect in high yields. The novel intermediates are highly advantageous as intermediates for producing not only the above compounds (XVI) but also those which are useful as an X-ray contrast medium, etc.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 19, 1998
Date of Patent:
September 19, 2000
Assignees:
Japan Tobacco Inc., Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Inventors:
Takashi Inaba, Yasuki Yamada, James Shanley, Michael Deason
Abstract: A process for the production of an epoxide and/or its corresponding vicinal diol by a reaction of an olefinic compound with hydrogen peroxide, wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of a carbon dioxide phase at a temperature and a pressure above the critical point of carbon dioxide.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
September 10, 1999
Date of Patent:
August 8, 2000
Assignee:
Degussa-Huls AG
Inventors:
Georg Thiele, Shane A. Nolan, James S. Brown, Jie Lu, Brandon C. Eason, Charles A. Eckert, Charles L. Liotta
Abstract: Disclosed are novel crystalline molecular sieves having the framework of ETS-10 titanium silicate which contain both octahedral and tetrahedral titanium atoms and are in acid form. The sieves are prepared by adding a complexing agent such as hydrogen peroxide during synthesis or by treating a synthesized titanium silicate molecular sieve with a reagent that replaces tetrahedral silicon with tetrahedral titanium atoms.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
October 20, 1998
Date of Patent:
July 11, 2000
Assignee:
Engelhard Corporation
Inventors:
Appadurai Thangaraj, Steven M. Kuznicki, Gerald S. Koermer
Abstract: The present invention relates to silver-containing and optionally promoter-containing supported catalysts and catalyst intermediates, processes for their preparation and their use for preparing alkylene oxides by oxidation of alkenes with oxygen. The catalysts are prepared by treatment of a support with a lactic acid containing silver ions, nitrate ions and optionally promoter metal ions, drying, predecomposition in a virtually oxygen-free atmosphere and subsequent activation by heating in an oxygen-containing atmosphere while precisely controlling the temperature conditions and the feeding-in of oxygen. The catalyst intermediates obtainable by treatment, drying and only predecomposition can be activated in a temporally and physically separate process step to form the actual catalysts. Suitable promoters are alkaline earth metal compounds and/or alkali metal compounds. High activities and high selectivities are achieved when using the catalysts of the invention for preparing alkylene oxides.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 26, 1999
Date of Patent:
July 11, 2000
Assignee:
EC Erdolchemie GmbH
Inventors:
Joachim Grub, Werner Volprecht, Matthias Baum, Alfred Reimer
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the regeneration of a catalyst of titanium silicalite type used in particular in reactions for the oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons or for the epoxidation of olefins by treatment with a liquid solution containing an oxidizing agent.
Abstract: A process for producing protected 3-amino-1,2-dihydroxypropane acetal, particularly in chiral forms, for use as an intermediate in the preparation of various 3-carbon compounds which are chiral. In particular, the present invention relates to the process for preparation of 3-amino-1,2-dihydroxypropane isopropylidene acetal. The protected 3-amino-1,2-dihydroxypropane acetal is a key intermediate to the preparation of chiral 3-carbon compounds which in turn are intermediates to various pharmaceuticals.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 27, 1999
Date of Patent:
March 21, 2000
Assignee:
Board of Trustees operating Michigan State University
Abstract: A process for preparing compounds of formula (B) wherein:one of A.sub.1 ' or A.sub.2 ' represents hydrogen and the other represents a group CF.sub.3 --Y-- wherein Y represents --CF.sub.2 --, >C.dbd.O, or --CH(OH)--, or A.sub.1 ' and A.sub.2 ' are groups convertible to A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 respectively.Y.sub.1 represents --O--, --CH.sub.2 -- or NR.sup.O wherein R.sup.O is hydrogen, alkyl or alkylcarbonyl; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent hydrogen or alkyl; orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together represent a C.sub.2-7 polymethylene moiety;R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy or acyloxy and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together represent a bond;which process comprises reacting a compound of formula (C): ##STR1## wherein the variable A.sub.1 ', A.sub.2 ', Y.sub.1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above, in the presence of an oxygen source and a chiral catalyst as defined in WO/91/14694.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 2, 1998
Date of Patent:
February 29, 2000
Assignee:
SmithKline Beecham plc
Inventors:
David Bell, Michael Fedouloff, Gillian Turner
Abstract: This invention relates to a novel oxirane carboxylic acid derivative and thereof manufacturing method. Based on thereof mechanism to inhibit the CPT I, oxirane carboxylic acid derivative of this invention has blood glucose lowering effects so that the derivative may be effectively used as an antidiabetic agent having remarkable antidiabetic activity and less side effects.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 11, 1999
Date of Patent:
January 11, 2000
Assignees:
Sang Sup Jew, Kang Ho Kang, Bak Kwang Kim
Inventors:
Sang Sup Jew, Suk Ku Kang, Deuk Joon Kim, Won Ki Kim, Hwa Jung Kim, Chang Kiu Moon, Jeong Hill Park, Young Ger Suh, Bong Jin Lee, Jee Woo Lee, Ki Hwa Jung, Moon Woo Chun, Hoon Huh, Eung Seok Lee, Hyung Ook Kim, Eun Kyung Kim, Sung Jin Kim, Jae Hoon Cheong, Kwang Ho Ko, Bak Kwang Kim
Abstract: The present invention is related to a novel class of decarboxylase enzyme inhibitors consisting of .alpha.-oxiranyl amino acids and derivatives thereof and a method of synthesizing such compounds.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 22, 1997
Date of Patent:
December 28, 1999
Assignee:
Board of Regents University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Inventors:
David B. Berkowitz, Michelle L. Pedersen
Abstract: Process for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Hal represents chlorine, bromine or iodine and preferably chlorine, wherein R.sub.a represents hydrogen or a residue comprising one or more additional groups of the formula, ##STR2## from compounds ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or a residue comprising one or more additional groups of the formula ##STR4## by reaction with gaseous hydrogen halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of an organic acid. Epoxy resins are prepared via the reaction of a compound of formula (A) in the presence of a basic compound.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 6, 1998
Date of Patent:
December 14, 1999
Assignee:
Shell Oil Company
Inventors:
Jozef Jacobus Titus Smits, Judith Johanna Berendina Walhof
Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active trans-3-substituted glycidic acid ester compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein ring A is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, and R.sup.1 is an ester residue, which comprises:preparing a solution of one optical isomer (A) and the other optical isomer (B) of the ester compound (I), both of which are the optical isomers due to the asymmetric carbons at 2- and 3-positions, and an ester compound (B') which is different from the isomer (B) only in the ester residue R.sup.
Abstract: A method for producing an amide derivative of the formula ?XV! ##STR1## wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, and an enantiomer thereof, a novel intermediate useful for producing said compound and a production method thereof. The production method of the present invention is extremely easy and simple as compared to the conventional methods, and enables effective production of compound ?XV! at high yields, which includes compound ?XVI! having an HIV protease inhibitory action. In addition, the novel intermediates of the present invention are extremely useful as intermediates for producing not only the aforementioned compound ?XVI! but also compounds useful as X-ray contrast media.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 25, 1998
Date of Patent:
October 5, 1999
Assignees:
Japan Tobacco Inc., Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for stereoselective or regioselective chemical synthesis which generally comprises reacting a nucleophile and a chiral or prochiral cyclic substrate in the presence of a non-racemic chiral catalyst to produce a stereoisomerically or regioselectively enriched product.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 25, 1996
Date of Patent:
July 27, 1999
Assignee:
President and Fellows of Harvard College
Inventors:
Eric N. Jacobsen, James L. Leighton, Luis E. Martinez
Abstract: This invention relates to a compound having the formula I: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of from 0 to 1; when n is 1, one of dashed lines a and b is a single bond and the other of dashed lines a and b is a double bond, dashed line c is not present, and dashed line d is a single bond; when n is 0, dashed lines a, b, c and d are single bonds or one of dashed lines a and b is a single bond and the other of dashed lines a and b is a double bond, dashed line c is not present, and dashed line d is a double bond; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, independently, lower branched or straight chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 ; and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, lower branched or straight chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5, or C(O)R.sub.5, wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen or lower branched or straight chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is less than or equal to eight carbon atoms.
Abstract: The present invention provides new synthetic methods and compositions. In particular, new methods of preparing intermediates useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors and compositions useful as intermediates that are themselves useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors are provided.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 23, 1996
Date of Patent:
January 12, 1999
Assignee:
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Inventors:
Kenneth M. Kent, Choung U. Kim, Lawrence R. McGee, John D. Munger, Jr., Ernest J. Prisbe, Michael J. Postich, John C. Rohloff, Daphne E. St. John, Matthew A. Williams, Lijun Zhang
Abstract: A process for the oxidation of hydrocarbons and their derivatives having the general formula RX, wherein R is from n-alkyl, iso-alkyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, mono, di or tricyclic aryl, or alkenic groups and X is selected from H, OH or Cl to compounds having formula R.sup.1 XY wherein R.sup.1 =(R--H), X has the meaning defined as above and Y=OH; which comprises of reacting the appropriate hydrocarbon or it's derivative of the formula RX where R and X have the meaning given above, with a solution of aqueous hydrogen peroxide at a temperature in the range of 10.degree.-100.degree. C. in the presence of an amorphous titanium-silicate catalyst having molar chemical composition in terms of the anhydrous oxides of TiO.sub.2 : (5-400) SiO.sub.2, having an average micropore radius between 10 and 40 .ANG., an absorption band around 220 nm in the ultraviolet region, a band around 960 cm.sup.-1 in the infrared region, interatomic vectors around 1.6-1.7, 2.7-2.8, 4.1-4.2 and 5.0-5.2 .ANG.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 2, 1995
Date of Patent:
September 22, 1998
Inventors:
Keshavaraja Alive, Ramaswamy Arumugamangalam Venkataraman, Ratnasamy Paul
Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (1) in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined in the specification, which includes reacting alcohols or carboxylic acids of the formula (2) in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined in the specification, with a fluorinating agent of the formula (3) as defined in the specification.
Abstract: A process for producing optically active 2-halo-1-(substituted phenyl)ethanol of a formula (Ia) or optically active styrene oxide of a formula (Ib). The process comprises the steps of reacting a compound of a formula (II) with phthalic anhydride to give a compound of a formula (III), performing optical resolution on the resulting compound using an optically active organic amine as a resolving agent, and finally performing hydrolysis or alcoholysis on the optically resolved compound (Ia) or (Ib). The scheme of the above process is: ##STR1## wherein X represents a halogen atom, Y represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkoxy group, Z represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3 and m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 2. The resulting optically active compounds are useful as an intermediate for medicines.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 19, 1996
Date of Patent:
May 26, 1998
Assignee:
Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd.
Inventors:
Hiroki Kodama, Takuya Motokawa, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Masanori Yoshida
Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing (R)-styrene oxides represented by the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and X are as defined in the specification, which comprises treating a mixture of (R)- and (S)-phenylhalogenomethylcarbinols with a lipase in the presence of a carboxylate to preferentially convert the (S)-phenylhalogenomethylcarbinols, and treating a mixture of the formed carbinol alkylates (3) and (R)-phenylhalogenomethylcarbinols with a base to cyclize the (R)-phenylhalogenomethylcarbinols, and also provides an industrially excellent process for producing (R)-styrene oxides (1) which comprises using a mixture enriched with (R)-phenylhalogenomethylcarbinols as the mixture of (R)- and (S)-phenylhalogenomethylcarbinols (2).
Abstract: The present invention is related to a novel class of decarboxylase enzyme inhibitors consisting of .alpha.-oxiranyl amino acids and derivatives thereof and a method of synthesizing such compounds.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 22, 1994
Date of Patent:
January 6, 1998
Assignee:
Board of Regents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Inventors:
David B. Berkowitz, Michelle L. Pedersen
Abstract: The present invention relates to functionalized ketones and novel processes for synthesizing those ketones. The processes of this invention are especially well suited for synthesizing .alpha.-methyl leaving group functionalized ketones. This invention also relates to processes for using .alpha.-methyl leaving group functionalized ketones to produce other compounds and intermediates useful in those processes.
Abstract: Described herein is a process for the preparation of (1S,2R)-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene having the Formula (I): ##STR1## which comprises the steps of (a) hydrogenating the compound of Formula (II) to form cis-(1R, 2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene having the Formula (V): ##STR2## (b) reacting the dihydroxy compound of Formula (V) with a sulphonyl halide of formula R.sup.1 SO.sub.2 Z wherein R.sup.1 is methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl or p-tolyl, and Z is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine to give a bis-sulphonyl ester of formula (X): ##STR3## and (c) treating the bis-sulphonyl ester (X) with an alkali metal carbonate or alkali metal hydroxide to give the compound of Formula (I).
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 25, 1995
Date of Patent:
June 10, 1997
Assignee:
Zeneca Limited
Inventors:
Andrew J. Blacker, Stephen M. Brown, Derek R. Boyd, Gary N. Sheldrake
Abstract: A process for synthesizing enantiomerically pure chiral secondary alcohol compounds linked to a heterocyclic core moiety, using a natural chiral molecule starting material. The inventive process is particularly useful for bulk manufacturing of chiral secondary alcohol compounds.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 23, 1995
Date of Patent:
May 13, 1997
Assignee:
Cell Therapeutics, Inc.
Inventors:
J. Peter Klein, Alistair J. Leigh, John Michnick, Anil M. Kumar, Gail E. Underiner
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an optically active erythro-3-amino-1,2-epoxy compound represented by the following general formula (3): ##STR1## wherein R1 represents a hydrocarbon residue having 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and R2 represents optionally protected amino, provided that when the carbon atom at the *3-position has an S configuration, then the carbon atom at the *2-position has an S configuration, and when the carbon atom at the *3-position has an R configuration, then the carbon atom at the *2-position has an R configuration.
Abstract: There is provided a method of preparing an epoxide (1a) or (1b) shown below: ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an acyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, allalkyl group, a silyl group, and a silyloxy group; the groups may be bonded with each other to form rings in the case where these groups can be bivalent; these groups may be the same or different, may have substituting groups, or may be branched; and each form (isomer) has a structure in which one side of the plane constituted by double bonds, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, is more seterically hindered in comparison with the other side;characterized in that:an olefin represented by the formula (2) below, is reacted with iodine in the presence of compound generating acyloxy ion, ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.
Abstract: A method for the production of an alkylene carbonate at high yields and high selectivity by a reaction between an alkylene glycol and urea, the method being capable to preventing the deposition of a white crystal in the reflux condenser used in a conventional method for the production of alkylene carbonate and the subsequent decrease in the yield, wherein:a gas washing member and a cooling member are disposed above a reaction portion where alkylene glycol and urea are allowed to react,ammonia-containing steam exhausted from the reaction portion is downwardly introduced into the cooling member through the gas washing member,condensate and ammonia gas exhausted from a bottom of the cooling member are gas-liquid separated,the condensate is introduced into the gas washing member, andthe ammonia gas is removed from the reaction system.
Abstract: There are provided novel and optically active 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxin-4-ones which are useful as starting materials for physiologically active compounds, functional materials or the like. Provided are optically active 5,6-epoxyhexanoic acid esters and novel optically active 6-substituted tetrahydropyran-2-one derivatives.
Abstract: There are provided novel and optically active 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxin-4-ones which are useful as starting materials for physiologically active compounds, functional materials or the like. Furthermore, a method for preparing an optically active compound comprises reacting a racemic 1,3-dioxin-4-one with vinylacetate in the presence of lipase to resolve the racemic compound into optically active compound represented by the formula (3) ##STR1## and an optically active compound represented by the formula (4) ##STR2## which is an antipode of the compound represented by the formula (3).
Abstract: An optically active pentane compound of the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents a lower alkoxycarbonyl group having an alkoxy moiety of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxy or protected hydroxy group, A represents a halogen atom, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, or ethynyl group, or a group of the formula ##STR2## B represents a hydrogen atom, hydroxy, protected hydroxy or acyloxy group, D represents a hydrogen atom, or A and B together can form an acetal or epoxy group, A and D together can form an ethylidene group, and B and D together can form a carbon-carbon direct bond, and the chiral central carbon atoms marked with symbols *, # and .thrfore.
Abstract: Process comprising heating a dioxole at 100.degree.-400.degree. C. for a sufficient time to convert the dioxole to an epoxide, for example, bis-2,2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole to 2,3-epoxy-3-trifluoromethyl-4-trifluorobutyryl fluoride.
Abstract: A continuous, gas-assisted atmospheric process for preparing cyclic esters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as lactide, which comprises feeding the reactants into a reactor having means for introducing an inert gas at the operating temperature, forming a reaction mass having cyclic esters in the reactor, passing a flow of said inert gas through said reactor whereby cyclic esters are swept from the reaction mass into a gaseous product stream, and recovering the cyclic esters therefrom.
Abstract: A gas-assisted continuous process for the rapid conversion of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters or salts thereof to cyclic esters in high yields and high states of purity.
Abstract: Process comprising heating a dioxole at 100.degree.-400.degree. C. for a sufficient time to convert the dioxole to an epoxide, for example, bis-2,2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole to 2,3-epoxy-3-trifluoromethyl-4-trifluorobutyryl fluoride.
Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing alkylene carbonates which comprises reacting the corresponding alkylene glycol and urea, optionally in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tin-containing compound, and represented by the equation: ##STR1## where R represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 16 carbons.
Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making styrene oxide which comprises contacting styrene in the vapor phase with a molecular oxygen-containing gas over a silver metal catalyst containing a promoting amount of at least one alkali metal hydroxide selected from sodium, potassium and lithium hydroxides, on an inert solid inorganic support at contact times of from 0.6 to 10 seconds and temperatures from 200.degree. to 350.degree. C.
Abstract: A process for producing an alkylene oxide or mixture of alkylene oxides by a reaction which comprises reacting an alkane or alkylaromatic compound mixture thereof with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of at least one molten nitrate salt catalyst.
Abstract: An alkylene oxide, e.g. ethylene oxide, is prepared from the corresponding alkylene carbonate, e.g. ethylene carbonate, in the presence of an effective amount of a quaternary arsonium halide. The quaternary arsonium halides are also effective catalysts for the reverse reaction, that is, to form alkylene carbonates from the corresponding epoxide and carbon dioxide.