Abstract: A method for making aromatic organic carbonate, such as diphenyl carbonate is provided which employs a transition metal catalyst in the form of a palladium catalyst mixture. The palladium catalyst can be used in combination with an organic cocatalyst, such as a terpyridine and a cobalt cocatalyst in the form of a cobalt complex containing a pentadentate ligand. The aromatic organic carbonate is separated from the carbonylation reaction mixture as a 1:1 molar adduct of aromatic organic carbonate such as diphenyl carbonate and aromatic organic hydroxy compound, such as phenol. The transition metal catalyst has been found to be recyclable allowing for the introduction of make up aromatic organic hydroxy compound into the reactor under ambient conditions.

Abstract: A process for the catalyzed ethoxylation or propoxylation of compounds selected from the group consisting of organic compounds containing active H atoms, esters of fatty acids containing 2 to 22 carbon atoms with monoalkanols containing 1-22 carbon atoms with polyols containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, wherein the improvement comprises the use as catalyst for the ethoxylation or propoxylation of hydrophobicized hydrotalcites corresponding to the general formula I:Mg.sub.x Al(OH).sub.y (CO.sub.3).sub.m (A).sub.n.zH.sub.2 O (I),in which A is selected from the group consisting of (i) a dianion of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid containing 4 to 44 carbon atoms and (ii) two anions of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids containing 2 to 34 carbon atoms; 1<x<5; y.ltoreq.2x+2; {y+2(m+n)}=2x+3; m+n.ltoreq.0.5; m.gtoreq.0; and 0<z<10.

Abstract: A carbonic acid diester is stably and safely produced at a high selectivity and at a high yield by catalytically reacting carbon monoxide with a nitrous acid ester in a gas phase in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a catalytic solid material carried on a solid carrier and comprising:(a) a platinum group metal and/or a compound thereof,(b) a compound of Fe, Cu, Bi, Co, Ni and/or Sn, and(c) a vanadium compound, molybdenum compound, tungsten compound, sulfuric acid and/or phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A method is provided for making aromatic carbonates, such as diphenyl carbonate by the carbonylation of an aromatic hydroxy compound, such as phenol in the presence of a palladium catalyst and an organic cocatalyst, such as a terpyridine compound.

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing an organic carbonate which comprises reacting an organic hydroxy compound and carbon monoxide in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of a catalyst comprising (a) palladium or a palladium compound, (b) a quinone or an aromatic diol formed by reduction of the quinone or a mixture thereof, and (c) a halogenated onium compound is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of alkylene carbonates is disclosed. Alkylene carbonates are prepared by reacting alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide in the presence of a metal phthalocyanine catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the continuous splitting of polycarbonates into dihydroxy compounds and carbonic acid esters is disclosed. Accordingly there are reacted in a distillation column a polycarbonate resin and a monohydroxy compound in the presence of a transesterification catalyst. The polycarbonate, in molten form or as a solute, is continuously fed into the upper part of the column and the monohydroxy compound in vapor phase is continuously fed into the lower part of the column. The resulting carbonic acid ester and dihydroxy compounds are continuously being removed from the column. The process is eminently suitable for the recycling of polycarbonate waste.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing urethanes and carbonates from an amine or an alcohol, carbon dioxide and a hydrocarbyl halide. The amine or alcohol is reacted with carbon dioxide in a suitable solvent system and in the presence of an amidine or guanidine base, to form the ammonium carbamate or carbonate salt which is then reacted in a polar aprotic solvent with a hydrocarbyl halide. Polymer products can also be prepared utilizing this process or utilizing the resulting urethanes and carbonates under standard polymerization conditions.

Abstract: A carbonic acid ester is produced by reacting an alcohol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cupric salt of a weak acid and/or a cupric halide and an alkaline earth metal salt of a weak acid and/or an alkaline earth metal halide.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared by reacting carbon monoxide with alkyl nitrites over a modified platinum metal supported catalyst at an elevated temperature in a continuous gas phase reaction, the reaction being carried out with the exclusion of additional oxidizing substances and, if appropriate, the presence of a lower alcohol.

Abstract: Di(organo) esters of pyrocarbonic acid, e.g., dialkyl pyrocarbonates, such as diethyl pyrocarbonate, are prepared by reaction of the corresponding organohaloformate with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide, in the substantial absence of an organic solvent and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a bis[poly(oxy(C.sub.2 -C.sub.4)alkylene)] C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aliphatic amine, e.g., coco bis(polyoxyethylene) amine.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared in a continuous manner by transesterification of ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate with alcohols in the presence of a catalyst in a column equipped with packing or baffles, by passing the reactants in countercurrent such that the ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate are metered into the upper part of the column and the alcohol is metered into the lower part of the column and the catalyst is arranged as a fixed bed in the column or is also metered into the upper part of the column in solution or suspension, the dialkyl carbonate formed, if appropriate as a mixture with alcohol, being removed at the top of the column and the ethylene glycol or propylene glycol formed from the ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate being removed at the foot of the column, if appropriate together with the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing urethanes and carbonates from an amine or an alcohol, carbon dioxide and a hydrocarbyl halide. The amine or alcohol is reacted with carbon dioxide in a suitable solvent system and in the presence of an amidine or guanidine base, to form the ammonium carbamate or carbonate salt which is then reacted in a polar aprotic solvent with a hydrocarbyl halide. Polymer products can also be prepared utilizing this process or utilizing the resulting urethanes and carbonates under standard polymerization conditions.

Abstract: A process for co-producing hydrogen peroxide and another useful product, namely either an oxalate ester or a carbonate ester product, is provided The process comprises reacting a saturated monohydric alcohol with carbon monoxide and a quinone to form an oxalate ester or a carbonate ester product and hydroquinone. The hydroquinone is then reacted with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide and a quinone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process for preparing dimethyl carbonate which comprises:a first step of introducing a gas containing carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite into a reactor filled with a solid catalyst to obtain a reaction product containing dimethyl carbonate;a second step of separating the reaction product to a non-condensed gas and a solution containing dimethyl carbonate by adding dimethyl oxalate;a third step of introducing the non-condensed gas into a regenerating column to contact it with a molecular state oxygen-containing gas and methanol whereby regenerating nitrogen monoxide to methyl nitrite, so as to contain 2 to 7% by volume of nitrogen monoxide in a non-absorbed gas at an outlet of the column, which in turn is introduced in the reactor of the first step;a fourth step of extracting, distilling and separating dimethyl carbonate from the solution by further adding dimethyl oxalate to remove methanol; anda fifth step of distilling and separating dimethyl carbonate from a mixed solution to remo

Abstract: Dimethyl carbonate is prepared by means of a continuous process:* by feeding, to a reaction chamber, methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen, to a liquid reaction mixture with substantially constant composition and volume, containing methanol, dimethyl carbonate, water, and a copper catalyst;* vaporizing from the reaction mixture a stream of methanol, water and dimethyl carbonate, which is developed together with the carbonmonoxide-containing gas stream; and* recovering water and dimethyl carbonate from said vaporized mixture, in amounts substantially equal to the respective amounts thereof which are formed in the reaction chamber and recycling the other components.The process, which is essentially characterized in that in the liquid reaction mixture a methanol concentration and a water concentration are maintained which are respectively equal to, or higher than, 30% by weight, and equal to, or lower than, 10% by weight, makes it possible dimethyl carbonate to be obtained with an improved productivity.

Abstract: Basic cesium compounds are effective transesterification catalysts for the conversion of symmetric dialkyl carbonates to unsymmetric dialkyl carbonates. Crown ethers, polyalkylene glycols, and polyalkylene glycol ethers are useful cocatalysts for the process. Methyl tert-butyl carbonate and methyl tertamyl carbonate, useful octane enhancers for gasoline, can be prepared using the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 1-bromoalkyl hydrocarbyl carbonates.The carbonates according to the invention are prepared by reacting an alpha-chlorinated carbonate of formula ##STR1## with an anhydrous brominated compound of formula ZBr in which Z represents hydrogen, the group (CH.sub.3).sub.3 -Si-, the group ##STR2## or bromine if R.sub.2 is other than an aromatic radical, in the presence of a catalyst chosen from the group consisting of heteroaromatic amines, quaternary ammonium or phosphonium halides, hexasubstituted guanidinium halides, alkaline earth metal halides or alkali metal halides in combination with a complexing agent for their cation.The carbonates according to the invention find their preferential applications as blocking agents for some antibiotics or as agents for the synthesis of phosphorus-containing carbonates which can be used as insecticides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing urethanes and carbonates from an amine or an alcohol, carbon dioxide and an allyl halide. The amine or alcohol is reacted with carbon dioxide to form the ammonium carbamate or carbonate salt which is then reacted with a palladium tertiary phosphine catalyst complex of an allyl halide. Polymer products can also be prepared utilizing this process or utilizing the resulting urethanes and carbonates under standard polymerization conditions.

Abstract: Carbonic acid esters are important compounds as a gasoline extender, an octane number improver, an organic solvent and a reacting agent in place of phosgene for production of isocyanates, polycarbonates and various intermediates of agricultural chemicals and pharmaceuticals.According to the present invention, carbonic acid esters can be prepared by reacting an alcohol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a copper halide and a tertiary organophosphorus compound having phenyl group or alkyl group.

Abstract: A carbonate compound having ethylenically unsaturated and acetylenically unsaturated functions are disclosed. The compound is represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein, A is the residue of a hydroxy group-containing, ethylenically unsaturated monomer with removal of the hydroxyl group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the alkoxylation of a carboxylated compound comprising contacting the carboxylated compound with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst or a modified bimetallic or polymetallic catalyst under conditions effective to alkoxylate the carboxylated compound.

Abstract: Sulfonium salts of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are aliphatic and/or aromatic radicals which may contain heteroatoms, or two of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are bonded to one another to form a ring, with the proviso that one or more of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 contain one or more acid-cleavable groups, or one of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is bonded to one or more further sulfonium salt radicals, if desired via acid-cleavable groups, and X.sup..crclbar. is a non-nucleophilic counter-ion, are suitable as photoinitiators for cationic polymerization.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of alkylene carbonates is disclosed. Alkylene carbonates that are free of halogen contaminants are prepared by reacting alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of cerous acetate, ceric ammonium nitrate, cerous nitrate hexahydrate, and ceric potassium nitrate.

Abstract: A process for making dihydrocarbyl carbonates is disclosed. In this process an alcohol having the structural formula R-OH, where R is alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl, is reacted with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a heterogeneous copper-containing, halogen-free catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a diester of carbonic acid which comprises bringing carbon monoxide into contact with an ester of nitrous acid in a vapor phase at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure in the presence of a solid catalyst having (a) a platinum group metal or a compound thereof and (b) at least one metal compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, bismuth, cobalt, nickel and tin; carried on a carrier.

Abstract: Ester polyphenols such as the tris(bisphenol A) ester of trimellitic acid are prepared by the reaction of the corresponding aromatic poly(acyl halide) with a dihydroxyaromatic compound such as bisphenol A. They may be employed in the preparation of branched polycarbonates via chloroformate oligomer compositions.

Abstract: A UCN-1028D derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## has protein kinase C inhibitory activity and is expected to be used as an active ingredient in anti-tumor agents, etc.

Abstract: A method is provided for making an organic carbonate such as, a diaryl carbonate by heating a mixture under elevated conditions of temperature and pressure comprising an arylhydroxy compound, such as phenol, carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst and carbon dioxide as a desiccant.

Abstract: This invention relates to new process for preparing certain optically active purine substituted cyclopentene derivatives and novel intermediates used in this process. In particular, the invention concerns the synthesis of the 1R-cis isomer of carbovir, (1R-cis)-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-6H-pur in-6-one, an antiviral agent, and certain intermediates.

Abstract: A process for co-producing hydrogen peroxide and another useful product, namely either an oxalate ester or a carbonate ester product, is provided. The process comprises reacting a saturated monohydric alcohol with carbon monoxide and a quinone to form an oxalate ester or a carbonate ester product and hydroquinone. The hydroquinone is then reacted with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide and a quinone. The quinone from the second reaction can be recycled to the alcohol-carbon monoxide first reaction.

Abstract: Organic carbonates: ##STR1## and cyclic organic carbonates: ##STR2## are prepared by reacting an alcohol (R--OH), or respectively a diol (HO--R'--OH), with carbon monoxide, in the presence of:a halogen, ora halogen and/or a halide ion and an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Described are alkyl cyclohexylmethyl and cyclohexenylmethyl carbonates defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl and wherein R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.6 are the same or different hydrogen or methyl and wherein the dashed line is a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles such as solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softeners, fabric softener articles, hair sprays, shampoos, bath oils and perfumed polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing a carbonic acid ester by reacting alcohol, carbon monoxide, and oxygen with one another in the presence of a copper compound alone or together with a platinum group metal compound and a reaction accelerator, characterized in that (I) the reaction is carried out in a nitrile compound or amide compound as a solvent, (II) the reaction is carried out in the presence of a reaction accelerator which consists of a quaternary phosphonium halide and a quaternary phosphonium weak acid salt or quaternary phosphonium alkoxide, and/or (III) the reaction is carried out in the presence of a quinoid compound or a compound that changes into a quinoid compound under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: Naphthylacetylenes of the formula IR.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --C.tbd.C--A.sup.3 --(Z.sup.2 --A.sup.4).sub.n --R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1, A.sup.1, Z.sup.1, m, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, Z.sup.2, A.sup.4, n and R.sup.2 have the meanings described herein, are suitable as components of liquid crystal phases.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of the four geometric isomers of 4-(2-butenyl)idene)-3,5,5-trimethy-2-cyclohexen-1-one is provided. The process comprises pyrolyzing a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents lower-alkyl-oxycarbonyl, aryl-oxycarbonyl, or, preferably, lower-alkanoyl, benzoyl or substituted benzoyl.

Abstract: This invention provides azamethine compounds represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein X represents ##STR2## Y represents C.dbd.O, C.dbd.C(CN).sub.2 or SO.sub.2 ; R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 represent independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may be substituted, an alkoxyl group which may be substituted, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group which may be substituted, ##STR3## R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 represent independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may be substituted, an aryl group which may be substituted or a cyclohexyl group; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 may be combined to form a ring or may form a ring with a hetero atom; R.sub.7 and R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process for preparing certain optically active purine substituted cyclopentene derivatives including the antiviral agent, carbovir, and novel intermediates used in this process. In particular, this invention concerns a synthesis of (1R-cis)-4-hydroxymethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-ol, an intermediate in this process.

Abstract: Quaternized condensation products useful as aftertreating agents for fixing reactive dyeings and prints on textile materials which contain cellulose fibers are formed fromA) a precondensate of one or more trialkanolamines I ##STR1## (R.sup.1 -R.sup.3 =C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -1,2-alkylene), B) a) a carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof IIa ##STR2## [n=0, 1; R.sup.4, R.sup.5 =OH (except if n=0), C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy (possibly joined together to form a 5- or 6-membered ring if n=0), Cl, Br; R.sup.6 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.50 -alkylene (possibly interrupted by one or more nonadjacent oxygen atoms)],b) a carboxamide IIb ##STR3## [m, n, r=0, 1; R.sup.7 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl; R.sup.8 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.25 -alkenyl, Ph (possibly substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, F, Cl, Br)],c) an epihalohydrin IIc, ##STR4## d) a monofunctional compound IIdR.sup.9 --Y IId[R.sup.9 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.25 -alkenyl, Ph (possibly substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Poly(alkylene carbonate) monoahls and polyahls useful as nonionic surfactants and having a poly(alkylene carbonate) backbone are prepared by reacting an oligomeric poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl with a compound having mono- or difunctional active hydrogen moieties, such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, mercaptans, amides, primary or secondary amines, or substituted phenols, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, under transesterification conditions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dihydrocarbyl carbonates comprising contacting an alkanol such as methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen with a heterogeneous catalyst which comprises a metal halide such as cupric chloride or a mixed metal halide such as cupric chloride/potassium chloride impregnated on an appropriate support such as activated carbon; and a process for reactivating metal halide catalysts supported on porous carrier materials comprising drying and then contacting the supported catalysts with a gaseous stream of hydrogen halide for a period of time which is sufficient to convert all of the metal present in whatever form to the corresponding metal halide.

Abstract: An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol such as methanol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst system containing Cu(OMe)Cl as catalyst and a urea or a mixture of ureas as a cosolvent for the catalyst system.

Abstract: An optically active functional compound represented by the following formula (1) is disclosed: ##STR1## wherein R denotes an alkyl group having 1-14 carbon atoms; -X- denotes ##STR2## denotes a single bond, ##STR3## n=0, 1 or 2; and C* denotes an asymmetric carbon atom. The compound of the formula (1) may be produced through an optically active compound of the following formula (2) or (3): ##STR4## The compounds of the above formulas (1)-(3) are all characterized by a trifluoromethyl group providing a large spontaneous polarization attached to an asymmetric carbon atom.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides a novel polymerizable quaternary ammonium carbonate corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## In another embodiment this invention provides a novel copolymer of the above represented methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium methyl carbonate and acrylamide, which exhibits a high level clay flocculation efficiency.

Abstract: Substituted anthrasteroid derivatives represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; X is hydrogen, lower alkyl, halogen, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, or halomethyl; Y is C.dbd.O, CH.about.OR', or OH C R", wherein R' is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl which may have an unsaturated bond or a substituent, or aliphatic lower acyl which may have carboxy or its lower alkyl ester at the terminal; R" is lower alkyl or lower alkynyl; the dotted line indicates the presence or absence of double bond; and the wavy line indicates .alpha. or .beta. configuration; or ketal derivatives thereof being effective against androgen-dependent diseases e.g., prostatic hypertrophy, prostatic cancer.

Abstract: Isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls comprising the residue of at least one polyahl, at least one isocyanate modifier, poly(alkyleneoxy) units, poly(alkylene carbonate) units, and a plurality of active hydrogen end groups are disclosed. Also disclosed are isocyanate-functional prepolymer compositions of these isocyanate-modifed poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls, which contain the residue of at least one isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of this invention and excess organic polyisocyanate units. Urethane/urea polymers formed by the reactions of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers with polyahls are also disclosed. Also disclosed are urethane/urea polymers comprising the residue of at least one isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of this invention, the residue of a polyisocyanate and the residue of at least one other polyahl selected from the group consisting of polyamines and polyfunctional hydroxyl compounds.

Abstract: A composition of matter for inhibition of stress corrosion stainless steels in contact with aqueous and/or polar organic solutions which contain chloride ions and optionally cuprous ions, comprising an aqueous or polar organic solution of a member selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonates and quaternary ammonium benzylcarbonates having the general formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: Novel Oxo-ionol derivatives are described which have a but-1-en-3-ol carbonate side chain. These derivatives are stable tobacco enhancers which impart a slight hay-like flavor to tobacco smoke.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbonate esters by the oxidative carbonylation of an alcohol is provided. The process comprises reacting an alcohol with carbon monoxide in the presence of a dihydrocarbyl peroxide the process being characterized by the fact that the carbon monoxide pressure at the reaction temperature is less than 15 bars and by the fact that a catalyst comprising a platinum group metal and a copper compound is employed. The process is useful for preparing dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A composition of matter for inhibition of stress corrosion of stainless steels in contact with aqueous and/or polar organic solutions which contain chloride ions and optionally cuprous ions, comprising an aqueous or polar organic solution of a member selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonates and quaternary ammonium benzylcarbonates having the general formula: ##STR1##