Abstract: The present invention relates to vinylogous hydroxamic acids, processes for their manufacture, pharmaceutical preparations containing them, and their use in the treatment of various disorders.

Abstract: Herbicides of formula: ##STR1## in which: n=0,1, 2f=0,1A is chosen from the groups ##STR2## in which: Ar is chosen from the groups ##STR3## B is chosen from optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl and C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: Novel benzonitriles, benzaldehydes and benzyl alcohols of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is methyl or ethyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl, bicycloalkenyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl or bicycloalkenyl, X is hydrogen, chlorine or fluorine and Z is --CN, CHO or ##STR2## where R.sup.3 is hydrogen, cyano, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkynyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, with the proviso that R.sup.2 is not --CH.sub.2 -CH.dbd.CH--B when B is hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl and at the same time R.sup.1 is methyl and Z is ##STR3## and with the proviso that R.sup.2 is not methyl or ethyl when R.sup.1 is methyl and at the same time Z is ##STR4## and further more with the proviso that R.sup.2 is not methyl when R.sup.1 is methyl or ethyl and at the same time Z is --CN or --CHO.

Abstract: Diphenylheteroalkyl derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where A and R.sup.1 -R.sup.6 have the meanings specified in the description, and the preparation thereof are described.The substances are suitable for controlling diseases and as cosmetic agents.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.2 is selected from hydroxy and lower alkoxy, R.sup.5 is lower alkyl, and R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, methoxy, and lower alkyl, are selective .alpha..sub.2 adrenergic receptor antagonists useful in the treatment of glaucoma.

Abstract: Novel trisubstituted benzoic acid intermediates which are useful in the preparation of certain herbicidal 2-(2,3,4-trisubstituted benzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanediones are described.

Abstract: Mixtures of fluorescent whitening agents consisting of 51 to 99% by weight of 1-(4-cyanostyryl)-4-(3'-styryl)benzene, 49 to 1% by weight of 1-(4-cyanostyryl)-4-(2'-cyanostyryl)benzene and 0.5 to 5% by weight of 1,4-bis(cyanostyryl)benzene, a process for the preparation of said mixtures by condensing terephthalaldehyde with a 4-dialkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile to 4-cyano-4'-formylstilbene, which is further condensed, either direct or after isolation, with a 3- and 2-dialkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile, the use of these mixtures for whitening polyester fibres, and compositions containing said mixtures for whitening polyester fibres.

Abstract: The invention relates to tertiary alcohols of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, A.sup.1, Z.sup.1, m, A.sup.2, Y, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, Q.sup.3 and Z.sup.2 have the meanings indicated in claim 1, and also to a process for the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: Novel compounds which are 2,6-di-t-butylphenols substituted in the 4 position by an alkoxy or benzyloxy group or a benzylthio group, which alkoxy or benzyloxy group is directly substituted by a tetrazole ring, and which benzylthio group is directly substituted by carboxy or tetrazolyl are useful as inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis and as antiallergic agents. Synthetic intermediates for preparing such compounds are also described.

Abstract: Heterocyclic dihydroxyquinoxaline compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkoxy, or acyloxy; andR.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are hydrogen, NO.sub.2, halogen CN, SO.sub.2 NR'R', SO.sub.2 R', CF.sub.3, or OR', wherein R' is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 -alkyl;The invention also relates to a method of preparing the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and their use.The compounds are useful in the treatment of indications caused by hyperactivity of the excitatory neurotransmitters, particularly the quisqualate receptors, and especially as neuroleptics.

Abstract: This invention provides azamethine compounds represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein X represents ##STR2## Y represents C.dbd.O, C.dbd.C(CN).sub.2 or SO.sub.2 ; R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 represent independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may be substituted, an alkoxyl group which may be substituted, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group which may be substituted, ##STR3## R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 represent independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may be substituted, an aryl group which may be substituted or a cyclohexyl group; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 may be combined to form a ring or may form a ring with a hetero atom; R.sub.7 and R.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides fungicidal compositions which comprise a carrier and, as active ingredient, a compound of the general formula ##STR1##

Abstract: Novel trisubstituted benzoic acid intermediates which are useful in the preparation of certain herbicidal 2-(2,3,4-trisubstituted benzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanediones are described.

Abstract: Novel aniline compounds that are useful in preparing N-aroyl N'-phenyl ureas having alkyl substituents in the 2-, 3-, 5- and 6-positions and haloalkoxy in the 4-position of the N'-phenyl which are more active and have a broader spectrum of effectiveness than the known benzoylurea insecticides.

Abstract: A method of preparing a compound of Formula XII ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together represent the fragment --Ch.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --;each R.sup.4 independently represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 2 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy groups; andX, X', Y, Y', Z, and Z' each, independently represent H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, phenoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, phenylthio, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 dialkylamino, wherein each alkyl, alkoxy, and alkylthio group is optionally substituted with one or more compatible groups selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, F, Cl, Br, CN, and phenyl and wherein each phenyl group is optionally substituted with up to 3 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, CN, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy.

Abstract: The present invention relates, by way of novel industrial products, to osides selected from the group consisting of:(i) the .beta.-.eta.-phenylthioxylosides of the formula: ##STR1## in which: R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group or a cyano group,A represents the sulfur atom or the oxygen atom,B represents a CH.sub.2, CHOH or CO group andY represents the hydrogen atom or an acyl group; and(ii) epimers thereof when B is CHOH.These products are useful in therapy as antithrombotics.

Abstract: Optically nonlinear aromatic carboxylic acid cocrystals are provided of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each R is CN or NO.sub.2, n is 1-4, m is 1-3 and X and Y are individually (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkanolyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkoxycarbonyl, ar(C.sub.1 -C.sub.5)alkyl, aryl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkoxy, hydroxy, halo or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The new compounds produced from a molecular structural element with two chirality centers and at least one mesogenic structural element are defined by the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which the symbols have the following meaning: Y.sup.1 =H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)alkyl, MC--CH.sub.2 or MC--CO, MC denoting the molecular radical of a mesogenic carboxylic acid after splitting off a COOH group,Y.sup.2 =(C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)alkyl, MC--CH.sub.2 or MC--CO, it being possible for Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 to jointly represent a MC--CH group, which is then part of a dioxolane ring,X=COOR.sup.1, CONH.sub.2, CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 or C.tbd.N,R.sup.1 =(C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)alkyl or MC--CH.sub.2, andR.sup.2, R.sup.3 =H and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl or, independently of each other, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl.Said esters preferably find application as dopants in twistable liquid crystal phases in which they produce temperature compensation and twisting.

Abstract: N-Arylpropyl-substituted secondary amines of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, chlorine, bromine or fluorine, m is 0, 1 or 2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen or alkyl, and R.sup.5 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl or an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or phenylalkyl radical or methylfuran and the dashed bonds may be hydrogenated, and their salts, and fungicides containing these compounds.

Abstract: An herbicidally effective benzoyl derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen;X.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen;X.sub.5 is hydrogen or fluorine;Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Y.sub.3, Y.sub.4 and Y.sub.5 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl;n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2 is discosed.In addition, the herbicidally effective benzoyl derivative having the formula: ##STR2## wherein: X.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy halogen;X.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen;X.sub.5 is hydrogen or fluorine;Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Y.sub.3, Y.sub.4 and Y.sub.5 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl;n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2;L is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene is disclosed.

Abstract: Novel benzonitriles, benzaldehydes and benzyl alcohols of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is methyl or ethyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl, bicycloalkenyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl or bicycloalkenyl, X is hydrogen, chlorine or fluorine and Z is --CN, CHO or ##STR2## where R.sup.3 is hydrogen, cyano, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkynyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, with the proviso that R.sup.2 is not --CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--B when B is hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl and at the same time R.sup.1 is methyl and Z is ##STR3## and with the proviso that R.sup.2 is not methyl or ethyl when R.sup.1 is methyl and at the same time Z is ##STR4## and furthermore with the proviso that R.sup.2 is not methyl when R.sup.1 is methyl or ethyl and at the same time Z is --CN or --CHO.

Abstract: A novel tetracyclic cyclohexylcyclohexene derivatives represented by formula: ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## n, X and Y are as defined in claim 1, are disclosed. The compounds are useful as electroptic display materials.

Abstract: This invention provides benzene derivatives, pharmaceutical formulations of those derivatives, and a method of using the derivatives for the treatment of inflammation in mammals.

Abstract: Process for the production of 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophtalonitrile, with formula (I), having a crystallographic structure suited for producing fungicide compositions remaining stable throughout time and having a high biological activity, wherein a thermal and/or mechanical treatment is carried out on the non-suited crystallographic structure, both by gradually decreasing the temperature during the de-sublimation phase, subsequent to industrial synthesis, and by supplying thermal energy--in static or dynamic conditions--and/or mechanical energy to the industrial technical product having a nonsuited crystallographic structure eventually during the phase of preparation or of micronization of said product.

Abstract: Sulfonium and oxysulfonium salts, useful as photoinitiators, have directly attached to the sulfur atom thereof:at least one aromatic or heterocyclic aromatic substituent containing at least 14 aromatic atoms and having a removable positive hydrogen ion, said substituent exhibiting a higher energy occupied molecular orbital than at least one other substituent directly attached to said sulfur atom;and at least one substituent comprising an electron withdrawing group and exhibiting a lower energy unoccupied molecular orbital than at least one other substituent directly attached to said sulfur atom;said salt being capable, upon exposure to visible radiation, of undergoing irreversible intramolecular rearrangement to form a Bronsted acid comprising the anion of said salt and said removable positive hydrogen ion.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen; halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; or R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl; or trifluoromethoxy or difluoromethoxy;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene;R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene;R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n -- wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted with halogen or cyano; (c) phenyl; or (d) benzyl; (10) --NR.sup.c R.sup.d wherein R.

Abstract: Unsaturated norbornane, 2,2-dimethyl norbornane, adamantane or cyclododecane derivatives exhibit activity in the systemic and topical treatment of dermatologic disorders.

Abstract: Derivatives of carbonyl-group containing behavior modifying compounds, in which said carbonyl group has been converted to a photolabile group which regenerates the carbonyl group on exposure to radiation, are of value in various methods for the control of animal, and in particular insect, species.

Abstract: A method of making liquid crystalline compounds of the formula ##STR1## where A represents a cyclohexane ring, n has values of 1, 2 or 3, R1 is an alkyl radical, R2 is an alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylcyclohexyl or cyanide radical, and X1 is lower alkyl and X2, X3 and X4 is alkyl and preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, hydrogen, halogen and preferably fluorine or cyanide and to the compound.

Abstract: .alpha.-Substituted acrylic acid esters, their polymers and adhesives therefrom, and methods of synthesizing these compounds. The compounds of the invention are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of isocyanato esters and can be polymerized to form an effective, non-toxic adhesive. The method of the invention encompasses utilizing the adhesive composition in biomedical applications, such as joining live animal tissue. Other adhesive applications are contemplated for living tissue and inanimate objects. The compounds are also used as monomers which can be polymerized, used in conjunction with other monomers as adhesive compositions, cross-linking agents, dye acceptor additives to vinylic polymers and useful chemical intermediates. The method of the invention encompasses synthesizing the aforementioned monomers and intermediates. Methyl .alpha.-(ethoxycarbonamido)acrylate is synthesized from either DL-serine or methyl pyruvate.

Abstract: A process for the halogenation (bromination or chlorination)/nitration/fluorination of aromatic derivatives substituted by at least one group containing a halogenoalkyl unit. The aromatic derivative is reacted with a halogen and a nitrating agent in liquid hydrofluoric acid. The products obtained are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of compounds having a plant-protecting or pharmaceutical activity.

Abstract: Substituted fluorobenzenes which are produced in aprotic, polar solvents or in mixtures which contain such solvents can be obtained by extracting the substituted fluorobenzenes from the solvents or solvent mixtures with aliphatic extracting agents and then seaprating the extracting agents from the substituted fluorobenzenes.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 Iin whichR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an alkyl group having 1-10 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 also being H, F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, A.sup.4 --A-- or --A--A.sup.4 --,A is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group which can be substituted in the 2-, 3-, 5- and/or 6-position one or more times by F and/or Cl and/or Br and/or CN and/or an alkyl group or a fluorinated alkyl group which each have 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by 0 atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups, and which may also be substituted in the 1- and/or 4-position,A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.

Abstract: The growth of livestock is promoted by the novel arylethanolamines of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents cyano,R.sup.2 represents amino, alkylamino or acylamino,R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkoxy, hydroxymethyl, nitro or methylsulphonylmethyl,R.sup.4 represents hydrogen, alkyl or acyl,R.sup.5 represents hydrogen or alkyl,R.sup.6 represents alkyl,n represents 1, 2 or 3,R.sup.7 represents the radicals --COR.sup.9, --O-alkylene-COR.sup.9, -alkylene-R.sup.10 or --O-alkylene-R.sup.10,R.sup.8 represents hydrogen, alkyl or halogen,R.sup.9 represents hydroxyl, alkoxy or the radical --NR.sup.11 R.sup.12,R.sup.10 represents hydroxyl, alkoxy or the radical NR.sup.11 R.sup.12,R.sup.11 represents hydrogen or alkyl, andR.sup.12 represents hydrogen or alkyl,and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Optionally substituted 2-benzyl-toluenes can be prepared by reaction of optionally substituted 2-benzyl-tert.-alkyl-toluenes with an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of anhydrous iron-(III) halide. The reaction is carried out at ambient to elevated temperature. The optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon is employed in molar excess, relative to the 2-benzly-tert.-alkyl-toluenes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the continuous production of isophthalodinitrile by amidation and simultaneous dehydration of the dimethyl ester of isophthalic acid in vapor phase on the fixed bed of a dehydration catalyst.

Abstract: Substituted acenaphthenes and their use as inhibitors of phospholipase A.sub.2 are provided. The acenaphthenes have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or alkyl;R.sup.2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl; andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together are various aryl groups optionally substituted; andA is .dbd.O, .dbd.CH.sub.2 and derivatives thereof, ##STR2## and derivatives thereof, or .dbd.NOH and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Substituted hexatriene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 has the meaning given in the description, and their preparation, are described. The compounds may be used to treat acne and psoriasis.

Abstract: A fluorescent brightener is proposed which consists of 51-99% of an unsymmetrically substituted compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R and R.sub.1 are identical or different and, if R and R.sub.1 are identical, R.sub.1 must occupy a position in the phenyl ring to which it is bonded which differs from the position occupied by R in its phenyl ring, and in which R and R.sub.1 independently of one another are CN or a carboxylic acid ester group, and 49-1% of a symmetrically substituted compound of the formula ##STR2## in which R is as defined above and the two R's are bonded to identical positions in their phenyl rings, as are also agents which contain these fluorescent brighteners and the use of these fluorescent brighteners for the fluorescent brightening of, in particular, textile materials, preferably made of polymer.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen; halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; or R.sup.a SO.sub.n - wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl;R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy;R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n - wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted with halogen or cyano; (c) phenyl; or (d) benzyl; (10) --NR.sup.c R.sup.d wherein R.sup.c and R.sup.d independently are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (11) R.sup.e C(O)- wherein R.sup.e is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; or (12) --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.c R.sup.d wherein R.sup.c and R.sup.d are as defined; and (13) --N(R.sup.c)C(O)R.sup.

Abstract: A fluorescent brightener is proposed which consists of 51-99% of an unsymmetrically substituted compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R and R.sub.1 are identical or different and, if R and R.sub.1 are identical, R.sub.1 must occupy a position in the phenyl ring to which it is bonded which differs from the position occupied by R in its phenyl ring, and in which R and R.sub.1 independently of one another are CN or a carboxylic acid ester group, and 49-1% of a symmetrically substituted compound of the formula ##STR2## in which R as defined above and the two R's are bonded to identical positions in their phenyl rings, as are also agents which contain these fluorescent brighteners and the use of these fluorescent brighteners for the fluorescent brightening of, in particular, textile materials, preferably made of polyester.

Abstract: Mixtures of fluorescent whitening agents consisting of 51 to 99% by weight of a symmetrically or unsymmetrically substituted first 1,4-bis(cyanostyryl)benzene and 49 to 1% by weight of an unsymmetrically substituted second 1,4-bis(cyanostyryl)benzene that differs from the first, a process for the preparation of said mixtures by condensing terephthalaldehyde with a di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile to cyano-4-formylstilbene, which is further condensed, either direct or after isolation, with at least one other di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile, the use of these mixtures for whitening polyester fibres, and compositions containing said mixtures for whitening polyester fibres.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein m stands for a whole number of 4-7 and n stands for 0 or a positive whole number; ring A represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring; Z signifies a single covalent bond or, insofar as ring A represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, also the ethylene group --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; X denotes hydrogen or fluorine; and R represents the group --NCS or --CN,their manufacture, liquid crystalline mixtures which contain these compounds and the use of these compounds and mixtures for electro-optical purposes are described.

Abstract: A phenol derivative of the formulaNU--A--X--R.sup.1wherein NU is a defined phenolic nucleus including a phenyl-hydroxynaphthyl; hydroxyphenyl-naphthyl; phenyl-hydroxyindanyl, phenyl-hydroxybenzothienyl or mono-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene or vinylene nucleus; wherein A is alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene which may be interrupted by phenylene or other linkages, wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, halogenoalkoxyalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, or R.sup.1 is joined to R.sup.2, and wherein X is --CONR.sup.2 --, --CSNR.sup.2 --, --NR.sup.12 CO--, --NR.sup.12 CS--, --NR.sup.12 CONR.sup.2 --, ##STR1## --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.2 --or --CO--, or, when R.sup.1 is not hydrogen, is --NR.sup.12 COO--, --(PO)R.sup.2 13 , --S--, --SO--or --SO.sub.2 --, wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form alkylene; wherein R.sup.12 is hydrogen or alkyl, and wherein R.sup.22 is hydrogen, cyano or nitro; or a salt thereof when appropriate.

Abstract: New bicyclohexylethanes of formula IR1--Cy--Cy--CH2CH2--A--(Cy)n--R2 (I)wherein R1 is alkyl; R2 is alkyl, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by 0 atoms, or is F, Cl, Br, CN, --COOalkyl or --O--CO--alkyl; or one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H; A is Cy, or 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups or by a CN group; Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene and n is 0 or 1; the alkyl groups in each case containing 1-10 C atoms, with the proviso that n is 1 if A is Cy and R2 is CN, can be used as constituents of dielectrics for electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds of the formula (1) are useful in liquid crystal mixtures for electrooptical displays; at least one of the end groups of the compounds (1) is an alkyl group which carries cyano or halogen in a terminal or non-terminal position. This offers advantages for longitudinal polarization and/or cross-polarization of the anisotropic compounds with the aid of the comparatively highly polarizing cyano or halogen substituents, in particular high clear points, low .DELTA..epsilon./.epsilon..perp. values and/or negative .DELTA..epsilon. values.

Abstract: A process for dehalogeno-dimerization reaction of an aromatic halide compound which comprises dimerizing aromatic halide compound having at least one halogen atom attached to a carbon atom in the aromatic nucleus, and optionally having a substituent other than the halogen atom, in the presence of a platinum group metal catalyst, carbon monoxide, and an alkali metal compound and/or an alkaline earth metal compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I)ArCH.sub.2 R.sup.1 (I)or a monomethyl or a monoethyl ether thereof (the compound of formula (I) including these ethers may contain no more than 30 carbon atoms in total); ethers, esters thereof; acid additon salts thereof; wherein Ar is a perylene or substituted perylene ring system; R.sup.1 contains not more than eight carbon carbon atoms and is a group ##STR1## wherein m is 0 or 1;R.sup.5 is hydrogen;R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or C.sub.1-3 alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxy;R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or C.sub.1-3 alkyl; ##STR2## is a five- or six-membered saturated carbocyclic ring; R.sup.10 is hydrogen, methyl or hydroxymethyl;R.sup.11, R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or methyl; R.sup.14 is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxy, or hydroxymethyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to certain substituted phenoxypropionaldehyde derivatives, formulations of said derivatives and the use thereof for preemergence or postemergence control of noxious plants, i.e., weeds.

Abstract: 5-carboxy-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (DATBA), ##STR1## which is prepared by reacting 5-fluoro-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene with cyanotrimethylsilane to form 5-cyano-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene which is then hydrolyzed with a strong acid to form the DATBA.