Abstract: Site-specific modifications of proteins at their N-termini are provided. In particular, a chemical modification of proteins at their N-termini via a transamination reaction to form homogeneous adducts such as, the corresponding oxime derivatives is provided. Methods of making and using the adducts in radio-labelling, molecular imaging applications, and treatment of disorders such as cancer, Crohn's disease, arthritis, atherothrombosis and plaque rupture are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of (bis)acylphosphanes of formula I, wherein n and m are each independently of the other 1 or 2; R1 if n=1, is e.g. unsubstituted or substituted C1-C18alkyl or C2-C18alkenyl, or phenyl, R1 if n=2, is e.g. a divalent radical of the monovalent radical defined above; R2 is e.g. C1-C18alkyl, C3-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, mesityl, phenyl, naphthyl; R3 is one of the radicals defined under R1; the process comprises the steps a) contacting e.g.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing a hybrid organic-inorganic material (HOIM) with phosphorus-containing bridges between the surface of an inorganic substrate containing an element M and one or more organic groups of the covalent M-O-P-R type, said process using, as a precursor for said organic group or groups, at least one organophosphorus acid halide with formula RxP(O)Xy in which x=1 or 2, y=3?x, X being a halogen and R designating at least one organic alkyl, aryl or aryl-alkyl group. Non-exhaustive applications for the hybrid organic-inorganic material obtained by the process of the invention are in the fields of anti-corrosion, lubrication, microelectronics, nanotechnologies, composite materials, heterogeneous catalysis, supported catalysis, depollution and biomedical applications.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to ligands for transition metals. A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of catalysts comprising these ligands in various transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The subject methods provide improvements in many features of the transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, number of catalyst turnovers, reaction conditions, and efficiency. For example, improvements have been realized in transition metal-catalyzed: aryl amination reactions; aryl amidation reactions; Suzuki couplings; and Sonogashira couplings. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to catalysts and methods of using them that operate in aqueous solvent systems.

Abstract: Ligands for transition metals are disclosed herein, which may be used in various transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The disclosed methods provide improvements in many features of the transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, number of catalyst turnovers, reaction conditions, and efficiency. For example, improvements have been realized in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.

Abstract: Sulfonium salt photoinitiator compositions, precursors useful in the preparation of such photoinitiators and the use of these photoinitiators in, e.g., UV curable adhesives, UV curable sealants, UV curable coating compositions, such as printing inks and varnishes, and UV curable encapsulants.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to ligands for transition metals. A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of catalysts comprising these ligands in various transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The subject methods provide improvements in many features of the transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, number of catalyst turnovers, reaction conditions, and efficiency. For example, improvements have been realized in transition metal-catalyzed: aryl amination reactions; aryl amidation reactions; Suzuki couplings; and Sonogashira couplings. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to catalysts and methods of using them that operate in aqueous solvent systems.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of asymmetrically substituted biaryldiphosphine ligands of the formula: wherein R1 is C1-6-alkyl or C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and R2 and R3 are equal and are C5-10-cycloalkyl and C1-6-alkyl, or R2 is C5-10-cycloalkyl or C1-6-alkyl, and R3 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, nitro, amino, C1-6-alkyl, C1-6-akoxy and di-C1-6-alkylamino groups,2 and each C1-6-alkyl, C1-6-alkoxy, di-C1-6-alkylamino and C5-10-cycloalkyl group in R2 and R3 is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, from 2,2?,6,6?-tetrabromobiphenyl by a sequence of bromine-metal exchanges and subsequent reactions.

Abstract: Organic ligands that contain at least one aryl group are immobilized on a solid support. The organic ligands are of the type used to form a catalyst complex suitable for carrying out a catalytic reaction, preferably an asymmetric reaction. To immobilize the organic ligands, a tethering group is bonded to the ligand using, for example, a Friedel-Crafts acylation or alkylation reaction. The immobilization of the organic ligand can be carried out using a single reaction with the organic ligand.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing aryl or heteroaryl amines, ethers or thioethers (III) by cross-coupling primary or secondary amities, alcohols or thioalcohols with substituted aryl or heteroaryl compounds (I) in the presence of a Brønsted base and a catalyst or a pre-catalyst containing a) a transition metal, a complex, a salt, or a compound of a transition metal from the group V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, and b) at least one sulfonated phosphane ligand in a solvent or a solvent mixture corresponding to Scheme 1 wherein Hal represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, alkoxy, trifluoromethane sulfonate, nonafluorotrimethyl-methane sulfonate, methane sulfonate, 4-nitrobenzene sulfonate, benzene sulfonate, 2-naphthalene sulfonate, 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate, 4-nitrobenzene sulfonate, 4-chlorobenzene sulfonate, 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzene sulfonate or any other sulfonate, and X represents O, S or NR?. The invention also relates to novel phosphane ligands.

Abstract: A metal sulfide nanocrystal manufactured by a method of reacting a metal precursor and an alkyl thiol in a solvent, wherein the alkyl thiol reacts with the metal precursor to form the metal sulfide nanocrystals, wherein the alkyl thiol is present on the surface of the metal sulfide nanocrystal, wherein the alkyl thiol is bonded to the sulfur crystal lattice. A metal sulfide nanocrystal manufactured with a core-shell structure by a method of reacting a metal precursor and an alkyl thiol in a solvent to form a metal sulfide layer on the surface of a core, wherein the alkyl thiol is present on the surface of the metal sulfide nanocrystal, wherein the alkyl thiol is bonded to the sulfur crystal lattice. These metal sulfide nanocrystals can have a uniform particle size at the nanometer-scale level, selective and desired crystal structures, and various shapes.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I): [wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group, R2 represents a hydroxyalkyl group, or a triarylmethyloxyalkyl group, or R1 and R2 combine together to represent —C(R3)(R4)— (R3 and R4 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or hydroxyl group, or R3 and R4 may combine together to represent oxo group), or —C(R5)(R6)—O—C(R7)(R8)— (R5 to R8 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or hydroxyl group, or R5 and R6 may combine together to represent oxo group, and R7 and R8 may combine together to represent oxo group); Ar1 to Ar4 independently represent an aryl group (the aryl group may have 1 to 5 of the same or different substituents), *1 to *4 indicate asymmetric carbons, and configurations are cis between *1 and *2, cis between *3 and *4, and trans between *2 and *3]. An optically active phosphine ligand which can be easily synthesized and gives a transition metal complex showing superior asymmetric catalyst activity is provided.

Abstract: A method of preparing an aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in zwitterionic form, such as dicyclohexylphenylphosphine monosulfonate zwitterion, involving contacting an aromatic phosphine with a sulfonating agent to provide a reaction mixture containing aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in acid form and unconverted sulfonating agent; quenching or removing substantially all of the unconverted sulfonating agent; partially neutralizing the aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in acid form to phase separate aromatic phosphine monosulfonate in zwitterionic form as a solid or neat liquid layer; and collecting the zwitterion as a solid or neat liquid. The zwitterion may be neutralized to form the corresponding aromatic phosphine monosulfonate metal salt, which is useful in preparing catalysts for hydroformylation processes.

Abstract: The present invention features a chemoselective ligation reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the invention involves condensation of a specifically engineered phosphine, which can provide for formation of an amide bond between the two reactive partners resulting in a final product comprising a phosphine moiety, or which can be engineered to comprise a cleavable linker so that a substituent of the phosphine is transferred to the azide, releasing an oxidized phosphine byproduct and producing a native amide bond in the final product. The selectivity of the reaction and its compatibility with aqueous environments provides for its application in vivo (e.g., on the cell surface or intracellularly) and in vitro (e.g., synthesis of peptides and other polymers, production of modified (e.g., labeled) amino acids).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a monoalkylidene substituted 1,4-dions derivatives of formula (Ia) or (Ib) or a mixture of (Ia) and (Ib): wherein: R1, R2 and R3, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C1–C20 hydrocarbon groups: T1 and T2, equal to or different from each other, are OR4, R4, NR42, SR4 or PR42; or T1 and T2 can be fused in an oxygen atom or a NR4 group; said process comprises the step of reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) in the presence of at least one equivalent with respect to the compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) of a carbonate of metal M or of a compound of formula MTj such as K2CO3 or KHCO3

Abstract: The invention concerns novel ionic compounds with low melting point whereof the onium type cation having at least a heteroatom such as N, O, S or P bearing the positive charge and whereof the anion includes, wholly or partially, at least an ion imidide such as (FX1O)N?(OX2F) wherein X1 and X2 are identical or different and comprise SO or PF, and their use as solvent in electrochemical devices. Said composition comprises a salt wherein the anionic charge is delocalised, and can be used, inter alia, as electrolyte.

Abstract: Synthetic methods and intermediates useful in the preparation of lactone containing compounds such as discodermolide and compounds which mimic the chemical or biological activity of discodermolide are provided.

Abstract: A novel organic molecular catalysts represented by the following formula (1) or (2): and a method for carrying out asymmetric reactions/asymmetric synthesis using these organic molecular catalysts.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution for a lithium-sulfur battery that can improve discharge capacity and cycle life of the battery, and a lithium-sulfur battery using the organic electrolytic solution are provided. The electrolytic solution includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and further a phosphine sulfide-based compound represented by formula (I) below: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different from each other, and each represents one selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 alkoxy group and a substituted or unsubstituted C8-C30 aralkenyl group. The electrolytic solution including the phosphine sulfide-based compound represented by Formula (I) can suppress production of lithium sulfides so that a reduction in battery capacity can be prevented.

Abstract: Unsaturated alkyllysophosphonocholines compounds of formula (I) or (II): or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, prodrugs or isomers thereof. The compounds of the invention have anti-neoplastic activity, and accordingly have utility in treating cancer and related diseases. The invention also provides enantiomers of these compounds, as well as synthetic methods for producing an enantiomer, substantially free of the other enantiomer. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions, as well methods for treating cancer with the pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Bisphosphines represented by the general formula (I) wherein Ar1 and Ar2 each represents an arylene group which may be substituted; R1 and R2 each represents an alkyl group which may be substituted, or an aryl group which may be substituted, or R1 and R2 may combinedly form a ring together with the phosphorus atom bonded thereto; R3and R4 each represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and the carbon atoms each having R3 and R4 are bonded in positions ortho to the oxygen atom bonded to Ar1 and Ar2; process for production thereof; Group VIII metal complexes comprising said bisphosphines; and process for producing aldehydes, which comprises, on hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, using said Group VIII metal complexes.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) suitable as a catalyst or for the preparation of a catalyst system: L1-X-L2 ??(I) is provided, in which X is a lower alkylene group, an arylene group or an alkarylene group; L1 is in which Y1 is oxygen, sulfur or N—R17, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16 and R17 independently of one another being hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and L2 is in which Y2 is oxygen, sulfur or N—R27, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26 and R27 independently of one another being hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, it being possible for L1 and L2 to be identical or different.

Abstract: Ligands, compositions, metal-ligand complexes and arrays with substituted bridged bis-biaromatic ligands, and methods of making and using the same, are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations such as the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalysts have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene into isotactic polypropylene.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for making phosphorus compounds R2P—X—PR2, R2P-M, R2P-L and R3P, and the novel cation R2P+(L)-X—P+(L)R2, where R represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X represents a bridging group, L represents a leaving group and M represents an alkali metal atom. The invention relates further to a process for making a compound R2P-L from a compound R—H via a new process for making the compound R—Li followed by its reaction with a compound Hal2P-L. The compound R2P—X—PR2 is a ligand suitable for making catalysts for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and a olefinically unsaturated compound.

Abstract: Flexible and semi-rigid vinyl chloride resin compositions comprising a combination of a latent mercaptan and a zinc salt of oxidized polyethylene (a zinc ionomer) as a heat stabilizer are substantially free from the offensive odor typically associated with mercaptans and are protected during processing by the degradation products of the latent mercaptan and the zinc ionomer. The oxidized polyethylene is split out from the ionomer to act as an adhesion promoter for aqueous inks and paints, and the residual zinc carboxylate functions as a co-stabilizer with the latent mercaptan in the composition. The latent mercaptan is exemplified by a 2-S-(tetrahydropyranyl)thioalkanol, a carboxylic acid ester thereof, a 2-S-(tetrahydropyranyl)-thiocarboxylic acid, an ester thereof, and the furanyl homologs of each.

Abstract: Novel compounds of phosphorus, of arsenic and of antimony can be used as ligands to form complexes of metals of transition group VIII which can be used in catalysts for hydroformylation, hydrocyanation, carbonylation, hydrogenations, oligomerization and polymerization of olefins and for metathesis.

Abstract: The method of isolating an anhydrous etidronate disodium particulate includes preparing a liquid-liquid dispersion consisting of an aqueous-organic phase and an etidronate-disodium-salt-containing aqueous phase; adjusting a temperature of the liquid-liquid dispersion to between 0 and 30° C. and intensely agitating so that a coarse-particle fraction precipitates from the liquid-liquid dispersion, then drawing off a fine-particle suspension and allowing a fine-particle fraction to precipitate from it and filtering and drying the coarse particle fraction. In a preferred embodiment the fine-particle fraction is separated from the fine-particle suspension for recycling The resulting anhydrous etidronate disodium particulate has a grain size of from about 0.1 to 1 mm and a bulk density of 0.4 to 0.6 g/cm2 with good properties for pharmaceutical applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to copper-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming methods. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of an amide or amine moiety and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In additional embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between a nitrogen atom of an acyl hydrazine and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic, e.g., indole, pyrazole, and indazole, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate.

Abstract: A process for preparing solutions of sulfonated arylphosphines comprising reacting arylphosphines with oleum, diluting the sulfonation mixture with water, extracting the diluted sulfonation mixture with a solution of a water-insoluble organic solvent, reacting the organic phase with a solution of an inorganic base in water, adjusting the resulting aqueous solutin of sulfonated arylphosphines to a pH of up to 3 by addition of an acid, and passing an inert gas stream through the aqueous solution comprising sulfonated arylphosphines until sulfur is no longer liberated from the aqueous solution of sulfonated arylphosphines.

Abstract: Non-C2-symmetric bisphospholane ligands and methods for their preparation are described. Use of metal/non-C2-symmetric bisphospholane complexes to catalyze asymmetric transformation reactions to provide high enantiomeric excesses of formed compounds is also described.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel ionic compounds with low melting point whereof the onium type cation having at least a heteroatom such as N, O, S or P bearing the positive charge and whereof the anion includes, wholly or partially, at least an ion imidide such as (FX1O)N?(OX2F) wherein X1 and X2 are identical or different and comprise SO or PF, and their use as solvent in electrochemical devices. Said composition comprises a salt wherein the anionic charge is delocalised, and can be used, inter alia, as electrolyte.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel onium salts represented by general formula (R)3S+M, wherein three R's may be the same or different, each being an aryl group, provided that at least one of R's is a t-alkoxy substituted phenyl group, and M is an anion capable of forming the sulfonium salts; and high energy radiation-responsive positive resist materials using said novel onium salts as acid generator.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte cell comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a support salt. The non-aqueous electrolyte further comprises a phosphazene derivative. The phosphazene derivative having a specified structure functions as an electrode stabilizing agent or a non-combustion agent.

Abstract: This invention describes a novel strategy to produce phosphine-functionalized biomolecules (e.g. peptides or proteins) for potential use in the design and development of site-specific radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis or therapy of specific cancers. Hydrophilic alkyl phosphines, in general, tend to be oxidatively unstable. Therefore, incorporation of such phosphine functionalities on peptide (and other biomolecule) backbones, without oxidizing the PIII centers, is difficult. In this context this discovery reports on a new technology by which phosphines, in the form of bifunctional chelating agents, can be directly incorporated on biomolecular backbones using manual synthetic or solid phase peptide synthesis methodologies. The superior ligating abilities of phosphine ligands, with various diagnostically (e.g. TC-99m) or therapeutically (e.g.

Abstract: A process for the preparation heterocyclic indene analogs, especially with the preparation of 4-hydroxycarbazole or N-protected 4-hydroxycarbazole, involves cyclocarbonylation followed by saponification. This process avoids high temperatures and high catalyst loadings.

Abstract: Electrical storage devices having excellent low-temperature properties can be obtained by using a quaternary salt (or ionic liquid) of general formula (1) below as an electrolyte salt for electrical storage devices or a liquid electrolyte for electrical storage devices.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel onium salts represented by general formula (R)3S+M, wherein three R's may be the same or different, each being an aryl group, provided that at least one of R's is a t-alkoxy substituted phenyl group, and M is an anion capable of forming the sulfonium salts; and high energy radiation-responsive positive resist materials using said novel onium salts as acid generator.

Abstract: A method of generating a functionalised arylphosphine, novel intermediates and novel functinalised arylphosphines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein X represents a low alkylen group, an arylene group or an alkarylene group, L1 has formula (II) wherein Y1 represents oxygen, sulphur or N—R17, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, L2 has formula (III) wherein Y2 represents oxygen, sulphur or N—R27, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl or aryl wherein L1 and L2 can be identical or different. The inventive compound is suitable for use as a catalyst or for producing a catalyst system.

Abstract: A non-symmetrical diphosphine of the formula R1R2P—(Z)—PR3R4 wherein Z represents a chain of 2 to 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted, which chain may be saturated or unsaturated, and R1, R2, R3 and R4, which may be the same or differ, are aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic groups attached to the phosphorus by carbon, nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur such that each phosphorus atom and its substituents independently form a single enantiomer.

Abstract: Provided are a novel triphenyl phosphine derivative synthesized from a triphenylphosphine and a hydroxy-containing lactone; a palladium and a nickel complexes comprising the derivative as a ligand; and a process for preparing a biaryl derivative using the complex as a catalyst. A product can be easily separated from a catalyst or a phosphorus compound, and biaryl derivative can be synthesized in a higher yield, by using the complex of the present invention as a catalyst.

Abstract: Phosphinoamidite carboxylates and analogs are provided that have the structure of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, X, Y, Z and n are as defined herein. The compounds are useful as phosphitylating agents, e.g., in the phosphitylation of 3′ and 5′ hydroxyl groups of nucleosides and oligonucleotides. Also provided are phosphonocarboxylate and H-phosphonite carboxylate analogs of the compounds of formula (I). The compounds enable synthesis of phosphinocarboxylate and phosphonocarboxylate oligonucleotides having reduced internucleotide charge and enhanced nuclease resistance.

Abstract: 3,3′-Substituted chiral biaryl phosphine and phosphinite ligands and metal complexes based on such chiral ligands useful in asymmetric catalysis are disclosed. The metal complexes are useful as catalysts in asymmetric reactions, such as, hydrogenation, hydride transfer, allylic alkylation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, olefin metathesis, hydrocarboxylation, isomerization, cyclopropanation, Diels-Alder reaction, Heck reaction, isomerization, Aldol reaction, Michael addition, epoxidation, kinetic resolution and [m+n] cycloaddition. The metal complexes are particularly effective in Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of beta-ketoesters to beta-hydroxyesters and Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides to beta amino acids.

Abstract: The present invention provides an additive for a non-aqueous electrolytic solution including a phosphazene derivative which is solid at 25° C.

Abstract: A method of generating a functionalised arylphosphine, novel intermediates and novel functionalised arylphosphines.

Abstract: The present invention provides an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a phosphazene derivative represented by the following formula (1):

Abstract: The invention concerns a resolution method for a racemic mixture of aldehyde of formula (I). The aldehydes of formula I are useful in their enantiomeric form or their racemic form for preparing transition metal complexes useful as catalysts in hydroformylation reactions of olefins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing sulfonated aryl phosphines by reacting aryl phosphines with oleum. After reacting the aryl phosphines with oleum, the sulfonation mixture is firstly diluted with water and an inert gas stream is then fed through the diluted sulfonation mixture until SO2 is no longer released from the diluted sulfonation mixture. Afterwards, the sulfonation mixture is subsequently processed in a usual manner. The invention also relates to a method for producing solutions of sulfonated aryl phosphines by reacting the aryl phosphines with oleum, diluting the sulfonation mixture with water, extracting the aqueous solution using an organic solution consisting of an amine, and subsequently carrying out a reextraction using an aqueous solution having an inorganic base.

Abstract: A metallacrown ether ligand chelates a transition metal atom to form a catalyst well suited to perform hydroformylation in the presence of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and an unsaturated substrate compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for making phosphorus compounds R2P—X—PR2, R2P-M, R2P-L and R3P, and the novel cation R2P+(L)-X—P+(L)R2, where R represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X represents a bridging group, L represents a leaving group and M represents an alkali metal atom. The invention relates further to a process for making a compound R2P-L from a compound R—H via a new process for making the compound R—Li followed by its reaction with a compound Hal2P-L. The compound R2P—X—PR2 is a ligand suitable for making catalysts for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and a olefinically unsaturated compound.