Abstract: A belt and electrocardiographic measurement device, the belt including a belt body windable around an upper arm in a circumferential direction of the upper arm, and an electrode array including a plurality of electrodes fixed to an inner surface of the belt body and arranged side by side in a direction, which is a longitudinal direction of the belt body, the plurality of electrodes being more than N+2 in number, where N is a number of electrodes required for obtaining electrocardiographic information, the electrodes, counted from a first electrode located at a first end in the direction (X) by counting including the first electrode, to the (N+1)th electrode in the direction (X) being arranged at equal intervals that are predetermined intervals, and intervals between each of the (N+1)th and subsequent electrodes being greater than the predetermined interval.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing electromagnetic interference in analog circuit of a control device for an augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) system are described. An analog circuit associated with the control device may include at least one amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter coupled to an amplifier by one or more electrical conductors. Electromagnetic interference induced in the one or more electrical conductors by an external AC magnetic field may be reduced using at least one component of the control device configured to reduce the electromagnetic interference.

Abstract: A system and method for performing an electrocardiogram is described herein. The system may include one or more of an electrode strip, a data recorder, a connector, one or more computing platforms, and/or other components. The electrode strip may include multiple electrodes configured to provide signals conveying information associated with electrocardiograms. The multiple electrodes may be integrated into the electrode strip. The data recorder may be configured to receive and record information associated with electrocardiograms. Information associated with electrocardiograms may be communicated from the electrode strip to the data recorder via a connector. The connector may include a cableless connector. In some implementations, the information associated with electrocardiograms may be transmitted to one or more computing platforms.

Abstract: An intracranial prosthesis comprised of a flat body having an interior ultrasound-compatible window and a ring having a plurality of access ports about the outer portion capable of engaging a plurality of diagnostic instruments and/or intracranial delivery systems so that a practicing medical professional can monitor certain parameters of a patient or deliver therapeutic agents to the patient while using an ultrasound-monitoring device to image the patient's brain. The prosthesis is designed to allow for the continuous, uninterrupted, simultaneous monitoring of a number of parameters of a patient's brain at the patient's bedside.

Abstract: A core body thermometer that includes a wiring substrate on which a power supply switch and electronic components are mounted. The power supply switch is housed so as to face a back surface of an upper exterior body in a space formed by the upper exterior body and a lower exterior body. Moreover, a lining member is formed in a thin plate shape and disposed on the back surface of the upper exterior body, and a buffer member is disposed between the wiring substrate and the lining member. The lining member has a through-hole in which the power supply switch is placed in an inner side in a thickness direction when viewed in a plan view, and has flexibility in an operation direction of the power supply switch).

Abstract: A therapy electrode apparatus for dispensing conductive gel to skin of a patient wearing a wearable defibrillator includes a therapy electrode, at least one reservoir comprising the conductive gel, and a gel deployment device comprising at least two reactive chemicals. The at least one reservoir is configured to release the conductive gel between the therapy electrode and a patient's skin prior to a delivery of one or more therapeutic shocks. The gel deployment device configured to, on receiving a treatment signal from a controller of the wearable defibrillator operably connected to the gel deployment device, cause the at least two reactive chemicals to come into contact to produce a pressurized fluid to release the conductive gel from the at least one reservoir between the therapy electrode and the patient's skin.

Abstract: A three-dimensional adhesive device to be attached to the body surface of a mammal including a microelectronic sensing system. The system includes (a) a three-dimensional adhesive body made of a pressure sensitive adhesive having an upper surface and a bottom surface; (b) a microelectronic system embedded in the body of the pressure sensitive adhesive; (c) one or more cover layer(s) attached to the upper surface; and (d) optionally a release liner releasably attached to the bottom surface. Suitably the microelectronic system is capable of sensing physical input such as pressure, vibration, sound, electrical activity (e,g. from muscle activity), tension, blood-flow, moisture, temperature, enzyme activity, bacteria, pH, blood sugar, conductivity, resistance, capacitance, inductance or other chemical, biochemical, biological, mechanical or electrical purposes.

Abstract: An electrode apparatus is applicable on a skin with hair of a mammal for measuring an electrical bio-signal. The electrode apparatus comprises cylindrical chambers, each of which comprises a wall, which forms a cavity within the cylindrical chambers, a roof at a first end of each of said cylindrical chambers, a second end of said cylindrical chambers opposite to the first end being open, and at least one electrode. An elongated structure is located within each of the cylindrical chambers, and comprises a first portion parallel to a central axis of a cylindrical chamber within which it is. A first end of the elongated structure, the first end of the elongated structure belonging to the first portion, is attached to the roof. At least one second portion, each comprising a second end opposite to the first end, deviates from a direction of the central axis of a cylindrical chamber within which it is.

Abstract: A device for acquiring and collecting physiological signals is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the device provides an at least one sensor having a conductive layer comprising a conductive fabric of interlaced conductive and non-conductive fibers and a plurality of orifices throughout the conductive fabric, wherein the plurality of orifices are filled with a silicone rubber, and wherein the silicone rubber is attached to the conductive fabric without the use of an adhesive. An electrical connector is connected to the conductive layer, the electrical connector providing a separable interface between the conductive layer and an electronic instrument. The device further provides an electronic instrument for receiving and collecting signals acquired from the at least one sensor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for humidifying a textile electrode (1) comprising a first layer (3); a second layer (5); and a material capable of absorbing and retaining water (4); wherein the material capable of absorbing and retaining water (4) is located between the first layer (3) and the second layer (5); the first layer (3) is impermeable to liquid water and water vapour; and the second layer (5) is permeable to liquid water in a direction extending inwards towards the material capable of absorbing and retaining water, and is impermeable to liquid water and permeable to water vapour in the opposite direction thereto. This invention further relates to a system comprising such a humidification device.

Abstract: A system for calculating an indicator associated to a brain activity of a subject, the system including an acquisition module configured to acquire at least an epoch of electroencephalographic signal of a subject from a plurality of electrodes and a data processing module configured to carry out the steps of: calculating an average vector (VA) using as input of an autoencoder neural network (aNN) an electroencephalographic signals (ES) of a subject acquired from a plurality of electrodes; detecting (DET) the presence of at least a predefined pattern in the consecutive average values of the average vector (VA); and generating an indicator of brain activity (Idx) of the subject when detecting the predefined pattern.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wearable monitor device and methods and systems for using such a device. In certain embodiments, the wearable monitor records cardiac data from a mammal and extracts particular features of interest. These features are then transmitted and used to provide health-related information about the mammal.

Abstract: A lead fixation device for attaching a deep brain stimulation lead within in a burr hole in a human skull. The lead fixation device may comprise a mounting plate having first and second arms. The first arm may comprise a first flange, a first mounting hole, and a first inner wall. The second arm may comprise a second flange, a second mounting hole, and a second inner wall. The first and second arms may comprise first and second arcuate grooves located on the first and second inner walls. When the lead device is in a closed position the first and second arcuate grooves form a guide channel and the first and second inner walls form an exit channel to receive the lead when the lead fixation device is in a closed position.

Abstract: A method for using soft physiotherapy instrument is provided. The method comprises providing a soft physiotherapy instrument comprising a flexible sheet and a controller, applying the flexible sheet of on a user's skin, and turning on the controller and selecting a function button on the controller, inputting a current to a plurality of functional layers in the flexible sheet, and stimulating user's skin with the current.

Abstract: An apparatus for targeting an injection site using anatomical landmarks includes a first landmark identifier, a second landmark identifier, and a targeting band. The targeting band is connected with the first landmark identifier at a first end and a second landmark identifier at a second end. At least a portion of the targeting band is linearly deformable. In another embodiment, an apparatus for targeting an injection site using anatomical landmarks on a patient includes a targeting band having a first end and a second end, at least a portion of the targeting being linearly deformable, a first landmark identifier pivotably connected to the targeting band at the first end, a second landmark identifier configured to be connected with the second end of the targeting band; and a fastener configured to secure the first and second landmark identifiers to the patient.

Abstract: Embodiments of a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) system are configured to monitor a patient's ECG for shockable arrhythmias and deliver a shock to the patient in response to such a detection. To monitor the patient's ECG with reduced signal noise to improve the system's performance, the system includes a cable assembly having: a signal line; an inner shield and an outer shield; an ECG electrode electrically connected to the signal line of the cable assembly; and an amplifier having first and second input nodes respectively connected to the signal line and the outer shield of the cable assembly. The amplifier's output node is electrically connected to the inner shield of the cable assembly to reduce the reactive load seen by the patient's heart in driving the ECG sensing circuitry, which reduces the noise on the ECG signal outputted by the amplifier.

Abstract: A stretchable conductive sheet comprising a first insulating layer and a stretchable conductor layer provided on the first insulating layer, wherein the stretchable conductor layer has an electric resistance of 300 ?/cm or less, and a load at stretching of a stretching rate of 10% of the conductive sheet is 100 N or less.

Abstract: An electrocardiography patch is provided. A pair of electrodes are exposed on a contact surface of a flexible backing. A circuit includes a pair of circuit traces and each circuit trace is electrically coupled to one of the electrodes in the pair. A plurality of electrical pads are positioned between the electrodes and above at least a portion of the circuit traces. A pair of the electrical pads interface with the electrodes. A pair of battery leads electrically interface a battery to another pair of the electrical pads.

Abstract: A vital-signs monitor patch containing at least two electrodes, a circuit assembly, and a patch body having a chamber in which the circuit assembly is housed. The patch body also contains at least one flexible portion adjacent to the circuit assembly chamber, with at least one electrode attached to the flexible portion. The electrodes are configured for attaching the patch to the skin of a patient.

Abstract: An electronic module assembly and method of assembling an electronic module to a conductive fabric are provided. An electronic module assembly comprises a non-conductive fabric and a conductive fabric covering at least part of a first side of the non-conductive fabric. An electronics module is disposed on the conductive fabric, and a portion of the electronics module includes a wall defining a through hole. A fastener passing through the through hole and passing through the conductive fabric is configured to electronically couple the electronics module to the conductive fabric.

Abstract: A device for acquiring and collecting physiological signals is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the device provides an at least one sensor having a conductive layer comprising a conductive fabric of interlaced conductive and non-conductive fibers and a plurality of orifices throughout the conductive fabric, wherein the plurality of orifices are filled with a silicone rubber, and wherein the silicone rubber is attached to the conductive fabric without the use of an adhesive. An electrical connector is connected to the conductive layer, the electrical connector providing a separable interface between the conductive layer and an electronic instrument. The device further provides an electronic instrument for receiving and collecting signals acquired from the at least one sensor.

Abstract: A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) system includes a processor, a memory, a wireless communication module (DWCM), and an NFC tag that stores information for how an accessing device may access the DWCM wirelessly. An accessing device such as a defibrillator configurator with an NFC reader may read the NFC tag of the WCD system, if it has adequate permission to do so. Upon so reading, the accessing device will know how to address the DWCM wirelessly, and thus install or update configuration data, software updates, or request memory downloads from operations. The use of the NFC tag requires close proximity, which hampers both inadvertently programming the wrong WCD system, plus a WCD system being attacked maliciously.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a garment-type electronic device capable of reducing discomfort during the wearing in the garment-type electronic device comprising an electrical wiring using stretchable conductor composition. In a part in contact with a body surface of a garment-type electronic device, a level difference at the boundary between the electrode portion where the conductor is exposed and the wiring portion covered with the insulating cover layer is substantially eliminated, whereby a garment type electronic device with a natural wearing feeling in which discomfort during wearing has been reduced is obtained. Furthermore, by providing the projections and the depressions in the fabric texture on its surface, a more natural wearing feeling is obtained. Such a garment-type electronic device can be produced by a printing transfer method.

Abstract: An electrode for acquiring electroencephalogram signals of a user includes a base and a plurality of legs extending from the base at first extremity. The legs include a second extremity covered with an electrically conductive material. The second extremity includes a smaller cross-section than the first extremity of the legs so the legs can penetrate through hair of the user. The legs elastically flex such that, when the electrode is applied on a user's head, the electrically conductive material of the second extremity contacts a scalp of the user, wherein the base is of cuboid shape having two side faces, the legs being directly attached to the side faces of the base, the legs being symmetrically attached to the base with respect to a longitudinal axis and the legs attached to a side face of the base facing the legs attached to the other side face of the base.

Abstract: A magnet arrangement for an implantable medical device is described. An implantable coil case contains a communications coil and is made of biocompatible resilient material with a top lateral surface. A magnet receptacle is located within the coil case and has a receptacle opening in the top lateral surface. An implant magnet fits within the magnet receptacle and has opposing end surfaces, and a center body region located between the end surfaces. An elastic opening clamp is located radially around the receptacle opening and is configured to normally be closed around the receptacle opening to maintain the implant magnet within the magnet receptacle. The elastic opening clamp also is configured to cooperate with a surgical handling tool to expand the receptacle opening to permit the implant magnet to be removed from the magnet receptacle through the receptacle opening without needing to move the coil case.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for an electrocardiogram (ECG) cable suitable for use inside a Magnetic Resonance (MR) scanner during a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) operation. In particular, the present invention relates to a patient safe (MRI-conditional) 12-lead ECG cable capable of use inside an MR scanner during an MRI scan. The ECG cable does not heat up to a degree that would burn a patient undergoing an MRI scan, but also enables the conventional 12-lead ECG electrode placement required for diagnostic monitoring of the patient. Specifically, the ECG cable electrodes can be placed on a patient in the traditional configuration as 12-lead ECG cable designed for use outside of an MR scanner and take diagnostic level readings, during operation of an MR device or system. Additionally, the cable provides a continuous shield which maintains zero emissions while satisfying defibrillation requirements.

Abstract: A burr hole cover includes a cap or cap assembly and a retainer and is configured to be partially positioned within a burr hole formed in a patient. The retainer has a cap-receiving aperture; a plurality of grooves provided in the retainer and a plurality of cut-outs wherein each cut-out is provided at an end of each groove towards the outer perimeter of the retainer. A channel may be provided at an opposite end of each groove vertically-extending from the top to the bottom of the retainer to encourage a medical device segment to remain in a groove during installation of the burr hole cover. The burr hole cover may be used to secure segments of medical devices relative to a burr hole and to allow a range of lateral motion for the portion(s) of the medical device(s) extending proximally out of the corresponding groove.

Abstract: A band includes a tubular body defining a central passage, where the tubular body is configured to be worn on a user's body such that a portion of the user's body is received in the central passage, and a housing formed of a polymer material and connected to the tubular body. The housing defines a cavity and an access opening providing access to the cavity, and the housing is configured to removably receive an electronic module in the cavity through the access opening. The housing further includes a slot in communication with the cavity, with the slot configured to permit passage of moisture away from the housing. The sides of the tubular body may also define a slope that is from 0-0.75.

Abstract: Devices and methods provide accurate targeting, placement, and/or stabilization of an electrode or other instrument(s) into the brain or other body organ, such as to treat severe tremor or other neurological disorders. Targeting is performed using any form of image-guidance, including real-time MRI, CT, or frameless surgical navigation systems.

Abstract: A device includes a housing; a core contained within the housing and disposed along at least a portion of the length of the housing, the core configured to rotate relative to the housing; a tab configured to connect to a port of a mobile device; and multiple electrocardiogram (ECG) cables wound around the core. A distal end of each ECG cable is connected to the tab and a proximal end of each ECG cable is connected to at least one of a corresponding ECG electrode and a corresponding pad.

Abstract: A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) system includes a processor, a memory, a wireless communication module (DWCM), and an NFC tag that stores information for how an accessing device may access the DWCM wirelessly. An accessing device such as a defibrillator configurator with an NFC reader may read the NFC tag of the WCD system, if it has adequate permission to do so. Upon so reading, the accessing device will know how to address the DWCM wirelessly, and thus install or update configuration data, software updates, or request memory downloads from operations. The use of the NFC tag requires close proximity, which hampers both inadvertently programming the wrong WCD system, plus a WCD system being attacked maliciously.

Abstract: Apparatus for securing a therapy delivery device relative to a burr hole and method for making same. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a base for seating in or near the burr hole. The apparatus may further include a stabilizer that may be engaged with the therapy delivery device. The stabilizer may include a surface coating or treatment operable to enhance frictional engagement with the therapy delivery device.

Abstract: Apparatus including an implant is provided, the implant including: a rod-shaped housing, having a distal half and a proximal half, and configured to be injected distally into tissue of a subject; a cathode on the distal half of the housing; an anchor configured to protrude from the proximal half of the housing, no anchor being configured to protrude from the distal half of the housing; an anode; and circuitry disposed within the housing, configured to drive a current between the cathode and the anode. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode harness and more particularly to an electrode harness with various features, which enhance the use and performance of the electrode harness. The present invention further relates to a method of taking biopotential measurements. The electrode harness and methods of the present invention allow for use with most applications where biopotential measurements are taken. The electrode harness can be used in ECG (or EKG), EEG, EMG, and other such biopotential measurement applications. Because of the versatility of various embodiments of the present invention, preferably the electrode harness can be adjusted for different applications or for application to various sized and shaped subjects. The electrode harness is further preferably part of a system, which includes either wireless or tethered bridges between the electrode harness and a monitor, and preferably includes various forms of processors for analyzing the biopotential signal.

Abstract: Described here are stimulation systems and methods for stimulating one or more anatomical targets in a patient for treatment conditions such as dry eye. The stimulation system may include a controller and a microstimulator. The components of the controller and microstimulator may be implemented in a single unit or in separate devices. When implemented separately, the controller and microstimulator may communicate wirelessly or via a wired connection. The microstimulator may generate pulses from a signal received from the controller and apply the signal via one or more electrodes to an anatomical target. In some variations, the microstimulator may include a passive generation circuit configured to generate a pulse based on a signal received from the controller.

Abstract: A burr hole cover includes a cap or cap assembly and a retainer and is configured to be partially positioned within a burr hole formed in a patient. The retainer has a cap-receiving aperture; a plurality of grooves provided in the retainer and a plurality of cut-outs wherein each cut-out is provided at an end of each groove towards the outer perimeter of the retainer. A channel may be provided at an opposite end of each groove vertically-extending from the top to the bottom of the retainer to encourage a medical device segment to remain in a groove during installation of the burr hole cover. The burr hole cover may be used to secure segments of medical devices relative to a burr hole and to allow a range of lateral motion for the portion(s) of the medical device(s) extending proximally out of the corresponding groove.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for determining onset of ventricular arrhythmias using bounded-input bounded-output stability of QT interval (QTI) dynamics. The method of the present invention includes two parts. A first part of the method determines the dependence of each QTI on several prior QTIs and RR intervals (RRI). This determination is represented as an autoregressive model with exogenous input (ARX). A second part of the method determines the BIBO stability of the ARX model in the z-domain. The metrics associated with the first and second parts of the method are then used to predict onset of arrhythmia.

Abstract: A modular sensor system is disclosed. The system can include one or more sensors, a mounting unit, and a control unit. The mounting unit can enable the control unit and/or one or more sensors to be securely, but detachably, mounted to a patient's body. The control unit can include electronics and other components configured to interface with, monitor, and record data from the one or more sensors. The control unit can further include a wired bus, transceiver, antenna, or other suitable components to enable wireless communication between the system and a central control or monitor. Some or all of the components included in the control unit can be removable from the system to enable some or all of the electronics of the system to be removed.

Abstract: Various examples are provided for securing deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads. In one example, among others, a DBS cap for securing a DBS lead includes a base ring adapted to be mounted within a counterbore opening formed in the skull, a lead securing element that mounts to the base ring, and, a top cover that mounts to the base ring. In another example, a method for securing a DBS lead includes forming a counterbore opening in the skull, securing a DBS cap within the counterbore opening, passing a DBS lead through the DBS cap and the counterbore opening and positioning a tip of the lead in brain tissue, and securing the DBS lead to the DBS cap using an adhesive. The skull opening includes a lower bore, a concentric upper bore, and a step positioned at the interface of the upper and lower bores.

Abstract: This disclosure includes an anchor configured to maintain a portion of a therapy delivery element within a desired location of a patient. The anchor comprises a body forming a lumen configured to compressibly engage the outer surface of the therapy delivery element to hold the anchor in place about the therapy delivery element. The anchor may be stretched such that the lumen becomes larger than the cross-section of the therapy delivery element to facilitate positioning the anchor about the therapy delivery element. The body forms two or more channels that facilitate radial stretching of the anchor using a pronged tool. Radially stretching the body via the channels using the pronged tool reduces a holding force of the anchor on the therapy delivery element to facilitate adjusting a position of the anchor relative to the therapy delivery element.

Abstract: A Wearable Medical System includes a support structure that is configured to be worn by a person. The WMS also includes an electronics module, a cable assembly, and at least one electrode that can be configured to be coupled to the support structure. The cable assembly includes a base member and a cable coupled to the base member. The support structure can be dimensioned relative to the person's body to be worn with tension, and be resiliently stretched under the tension. The stretching of the support structure can stretch the base member of the cable assembly, thus increasing the effective length of the cable, while reducing or even eliminating slack in the cable.

Abstract: A device for obtaining a standard 12-lead ECG and a rhythm strip, comprising: a personal ECG device to which nine skin monitoring electrodes are electrically connected, either directly or via an electrodes belt and which presents an array of at least 6 precordial electrodes that are anatomically positioned for the user, two belt mounted limb electrodes and one flying electrode, such that the skin monitoring electrodes deployed on the belt in combination with those directly connected to the personal ECG device permit the acquisition of ECG data for the rhythm strip and the standard 12 lead ECG, and wherein the ECG device includes a communication module for transferring the ECG data to a remote data center via a mobile device.

Abstract: Preferably, an embodiment of a sensor assembly includes at least a sensor probe assembly providing a plurality of conductive pins, a compressible electrically conductive member in electrical communication with the sensor probe assembly, and a signal processing circuit in electrical communication with the compressible electrically conductive member. Preferably, the sensor assembly of the preferred embodiment further includes at least a housing confining said sensor probe assembly, compressible electrically conductive member, and signal processing circuit to form said sensor assembly.

Abstract: Electrodes providing excellent recording and physical stability. Electrodes are disclosed that may include a plurality of small teeth that possess a novel design shape and orientation. The shallow and relatively long teeth run parallel to the rim of the electrode that presses against the patient's skin. When the electrode is twisted onto skin, the tiny teeth penetrate the stratum corneum and move nearly horizontally under the stratum corneum, thus anchoring the electrode securely to the skin. The electrodes cause minimal discomfort to the patient since the small teeth do not extend to the pain fibers which are located in deeper layers of the skin. The electrodes may be fabricated in a variety of geometries including cylindrical, disk, and blunt bullet or top shapes. In some instances, the electrodes may be connected to detachable leads having magnetic properties.

Abstract: A modular holder or patch is described that may be used with or as part of a wireless physiological sensing device. The wireless physiological sensing device may include a holder or patch, first and second electrodes, and an electronics package that may be removably coupled with the holder or patch and which may be in electrical contact with the first and second electrodes. The electronics package may include a housing, a wireless transceiver and electronic circuitry configured to process signals received via the first and second electrodes and the wireless transceiver.

Abstract: A modular holder or patch is described that may be used with or as part of a wireless physiological sensing device. The wireless physiological sensing device may include a holder or patch, first and second electrodes, and an electronics package that may be removably coupled with the holder or patch and which may be in electrical contact with the first and second electrodes. The electronics package may include a housing, a wireless transceiver and electronic circuitry configured to process signals received via the first and second electrodes and the wireless transceiver.

Abstract: A biosensor is described which can obtain physiological data from an individual. The biosensor may collect electrodermal activity, skin temperature, and other information. The biosensor may be attached to the body through the use of a garment which may be fastened in multiple locations on the human body. The biosensor has replaceable electrodes which may be interchanged. The electrodes contact the body without having any wires or leads external to the sensor.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus for monitoring physiological electrical activity of an individual include a first electrode unit for receiving a first signal indicative of electrical activity at a first location on a body of the individual and a second electrode unit for receiving a second signal indicative of electrical activity at a second location on the body of the individual. Each of the first and second electrode units may be operated in a field-sensing mode wherein the electrode unit is placed on or in proximity to the individual's skin. The first and second electrode units comprise a capacitive sensor element, and the capacitive sensor element of each of the electrode units comprising an electrodynamic sensor which is sensitive to electromagnetic waves; and an antenna comprising an electrically conductive radiating element for receiving electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus for monitoring heart muscle activity of an individual include a first electrode unit, for receiving a first signal indicative of electrical, activity at a first location on a body of the individual and a second electrode unit for receiving a second, signal indicative of electrical activity at a second location on the body of the individual. Each of the first and second electrode units is configurable to operate in a field-sensing mode wherein the electrode unit is placed on or it! proximity to the individual's skin, and a current-sensing mode wherein the electrode unit is coupled to a resistive sensor sensing element placed directly on the individual's skin. The field-sensing mode can be either non-contact field-sensing mode.

Abstract: It is recognized that, because of its unique properties, graphene can serve as an interface with biological cells that communicate by an electrical impulse, or action potential. Responding to a sensed signal can be accomplished by coupling a graphene sensor to a low power digital electronic switch that is activatable by the sensed low power electrical signals. It is further recognized that low power devices such as tunneling diodes and TFETs are suitable for use in such biological applications in conjunction with graphene sensors. While tunneling diodes can be used in diagnostic applications, TFETs, which are three-terminal devices, further permit controlling the voltage on one cell according to signals received by other cells. Thus, by the use of a biological sensor system that includes graphene nanowire sensors coupled to a TFET, charge can be redistributed among different biological cells, potentially with therapeutic effects.