Abstract: A medicament delivery device is provided having an oral tubular section for placement in the mouth of a user and a nasal tubular section for placement in the naris of a user. A medicament located in a corrugated, or flexible, section joining the oral tubular section and the nasal tubular section is dispersed into the nasal cavity of the user by blowing into the oral tubular section. A pinch valve or a one way valve is used to prevent the user from accidentally inhaling the medicament. The medicament delivery device may also be used as a pulmonary delivery device into the mouth of a user.

Abstract: A jet injector that includes a prefilled syringe. The syringe includes a fluid chamber that contains a medicament. The syringe also has an injection-assisting needle, and a plunger is movable within the fluid chamber. A housing is configured for allowing insertion of the needle to a penetration depth. The housing includes a retractable guard and an interference component, e.g., a lock ring, adjacent to the retractable guard that interferes with the movement of the retractable guard. An energy source is configured for biasing the plunger to produce an injecting pressure to jet inject the medicament from the fluid chamber through the needle to an injection site.

Abstract: An injector device comprising an elongate housing having a proximal end and a distal end, and configured to receive a container of medicament, a needle sleeve mounted within the housing and moveable between an extended position in which the needle sleeve at least partially extends from the distal end of the housing, and a retracted position in which the needle sleeve is received further within the housing than in the extended position, a piston rod moveable longitudinally within the housing, a piston spring configured to bias the piston rod towards a distal end of the housing to engage a container of medicament when received within the housing, and a release mechanism configured to control actuation of the piston rod.

Abstract: A plunger, a syringe, and a method of making a plunger and a syringe are disclosed. The plunger includes a support ring and a cover disposed over and coupled to the support ring. A cavity defining a predetermined volume is defined between the support ring and the cover. The syringe includes a barrel defining an inner wall and the plunger inserted therein.

Abstract: A stopper for use within a medicament container, preferably a plastic container, is presented having a main body defining an open distal end and a closed proximal end, where the main body has a longitudinal axis L. A cup shaped tip portion is integrally formed with the main body adjacent the closed proximal end and a distally extending flexible skirt extends from a distal end outer surface of the main body, where the distally extending flexible skirt has a rib which extends radially outward around a perimeter of the distally extending flexible skirt. A proximally extending flexible skirt extends from a proximal end outer surface of the main body, where the proximally extending flexible skirt has at least two ribs which extend radially outward around a perimeter of the proximally extending flexible skirt and that are axially spaced apart along the proximally extending flexible skirt.

Abstract: An injection device comprises an actuator adapted when actuated to cause commencement of an injection sequence; a locking mechanism adapted to be moved between a locked position in which the locking mechanism prevents the actuator from being actuated, and an unlocked position in which the actuator can be actuated to cause commencement of the injection sequence. The locking mechanism comprises a contact portion which in the locked position of the locking mechanism projects against the actuator. The contact portion comprises a curved surface.

Abstract: Provided is a medical aspirator including a hollow cylinder housing having a space therein, a piston slidable inside the cylinder housing in a longitudinal direction, and an elastic member having one end connected to the piston and the other end fixed to the cylinder housing, and allowing the piston to move in the longitudinal direction with a constant force, in which after the medical aspirator is installed in a surgical site, a constant suction pressure is maintained, so that side effects and accidents such as organ adhesion and tissue damage in a surgical site, resulting from an excessive pressure, are reduced, and body fluid in the surgical site is effectively discharged, so that the medical aspirator may contribute to shortening of a recovery period of a patient.

Abstract: A syringe plunger, bung and/or syringe is disclosed. The syringe plunger includes an elongate shaft for insertion into a barrel of a syringe, wherein an end of the shaft is configured for slidable engagement within a recess in a bung of the syringe such that the end of the shaft abuts a surface of the recess, and wherein the end of the shaft is further configured such that, after engagement between the end of the shaft and the recess, a relative force therebetween longitudinally deforms the bung.

Abstract: The syringe dispenser includes a syringe and a plunger. The plunger includes a first shaft member including a piston and second shaft member configured to be fitted in a tubular portion of the first shaft member. The first shaft member includes an elastic piece, the elastic piece being provided with a slide projection configured to slide on an inner surface of the syringe and a lock projection configured to be locked against the syringe. The second shaft member includes a pressing shaft configured to be fitted in the tubular portion. The pressing shaft is provided in a front end thereof with an end surface configured to press a free end of the elastic piece. In response to pressing from the end surface, the lock projection is locked against the rear end of the syringe, and in response to the pressing being released, the locking of the lock projection is released.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a component separator capable of guaranteeing the purity of a subject component such as isolated blood or stem cells while simplifying a process compared with a conventional technique, and preventing air contamination during a component separation process, the component separator comprising: a hollow main body having a communication pipe, through which a body fluid communicates, formed at one end portion, and a main body female screw part disposed at the other end portion; a plunger for varying a main body space while moving forward and backward inside the main body; and an operation member having a pressing tube having a pressing male screw part capable of being screwed with the main body female screw part, and a plunger coupling tube having a tube screw screwed with a plunger screw part at the lower part of the plunger by coming into contact with or retracting from the inside of the pressing tube.

Abstract: A needle-equipped syringe reduces an inclination of a needle by reducing an inclination of a core pin when insert molding is performed. The needle-equipped syringe includes a barrel formed using a resin and having a cylindrical body, a nozzle part provided at a distal end of the body, and an opening part provided at a proximal end of the body; and an injection needle held by the nozzle part. The injection needle and the barrel are integrally molded so that an axis of the injection needle is substantially parallel to an axis of the body. The body has a thick part and a thin part located at a proximal end of the body at opposing positions across the axis of the body. At the proximal end of the body, an axis of an inner surface of the body is offset from an axis of an outer surface of the body.

Abstract: A needle-shaped body including a support section having a tubular shape with a center axis being a reference line, the support section having a proximal end and a distal end, a support substrate positioned in the support section and movable in a direction along the reference line, a needle section positioned on a main surface of the support substrate and protruding in a direction from the proximal end toward the distal end, a connecting section that detachably attaches the support substrate to the support section, and a guiding section that guides the support substrate along the reference line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piston washer (109, 209) for use in a drug delivery device for transferring a distally directed axial force from a piston rod (107, 207) towards a piston (199, 299) of a held cartridge (189, 289). The piston washer (109, 209) defines a proximal surface portion (109a) adapted for engagement with the distal portion of a piston rod (107, 207) and a distal surface portion (109b) configured to engage and abut a piston (199, 299). An axial distance defining device (19a1, 109b1, 109c, 209c) is positioned between the proximal surface portion (109a) and the distal surface portion (109b), wherein the axial distance defining device (19a1, 109b1, 109c, 209c) is configured to be shifted from a first axial compressible state into a second axial non-compressible state. The invention further relates to a drug delivery device incorporating such piston washer (109, 209).

Abstract: Described is an injection device for administering a dose of a medicament (M) comprising a carrier adapted to contain a syringe having a hollow injection needle and a stopper, a drive spring, a plunger adapted to forward load of the drive spring to the stopper, and a noise component adapted to generate an audible and/or tactile feedback by impacting a component of the injection device when the stopper is located at a proximal end of the syringe. In a first state, a resilient arm on the plunger is maintained in engagement with the noise component by the carrier. In a second state, the arm disengages the noise component and deflects at least partially into an aperture in the carrier.

Abstract: A sub-assembly of a medicament delivery device, the sub-assembly including a propellant source having a reservoir housing defining a reservoir and a stem having a bore therethrough, at least one inlet in fluid communication with the bore, and an open outlet end in fluid communication with the bore, the stein being moveable relative to the reservoir housing between a first position in which the at least one inlet is not in fluid communication with the reservoir and a second position in which the at least one inlet is in fluid communication with the reservoir, the propellant source further including a biasing member for biasing the stem towards the first position. The sub-assembly further including a collet member having a first plurality of radially flexible fingers and a second plurality of radially flexible fingers.

Abstract: A syringe includes a barrel and a rotatable element on the barrel; for example at a proximal location along the length of the barrel. The rotatable element rotates at least partially around the barrel. When a handle is associated with the rotatable element, the barrel may rotate as the handle his held substantially stationary or the handle may be rotated while the barrel and any peripheral device secured thereto remain substantially stationary. When handles are associated with a rotatable element that may be removed from a barrel, a barrel that is disassembled from the rotatable element may be replaced with another barrel of the same or a different configuration. Methods of using a syringe with a rotatable element on a barrel thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system including an adapter (14) for sequential engagement with a cartridge (18) containing a first substance and a vial (16) containing a second substance is disclosed. The adapter is configured to first engage with the vial and subsequently engage with the cartridge such that the cartridge is in fluid communication with the vial via the adapter. The system includes a latch member (150) engageable with a portion of the cartridge. A plunger rod (44) includes a protrusion (50) and is adapted to communicate with the latch member, the plunger rod being transitionable from a disengaged position, in which the protrusion of the plunger rod is disengaged from the latch member and the latch member is locked to the cartridge, to an engaged position, in which the protrusion is engaged with the latch member and the latch member is unlocked from the cartridge and locked to the plunger rod.

Abstract: Mixing syringes including a valve mechanism are configured and configurable to enable one or more substances to be prefilled into the syringe. The valve mechanism may be an aspect of a distal seal assembly. Actuation of the valve mechanism permits opening of a fluid passage for the mixing of one or more substances, and the resulting mixed substance can be delivered by the syringe, for example, for administration of a pharmaceutical to a subject.

Abstract: Mixing syringes including a valve mechanism are configured and configurable to enable one or more substances to be prefilled into the syringe. The valve mechanism may be an aspect of a distal seal assembly. Actuation of the valve mechanism permits opening of a fluid passage for the mixing of one or more substances, and the resulting mixed substance can be delivered by the syringe, for example, for administration of a pharmaceutical to a subject. The repetitive mixing of substances contained in a distal and proximal chamber is also provided, where the plunger rod is configured to releasably engage a locking mechanism to actuate the valve, and can axially displace the distal seal assembly while the fluid passage is open.

Abstract: Sequential delivery syringes including a valve mechanism are configured and configurable to enable one or more substances to be prefilled into the syringe. The valve mechanism may be an aspect of a distal seal assembly. Actuation of the valve mechanism permits opening of a fluid passage for the mixing of one or more substances, and the resulting mixed substance can be delivered by the syringe, for example, for administration of a pharmaceutical to a subject. The sequential delivery of substances contained in a distal and proximal chamber is also provided, where a second substance from the distal chamber is delivered followed by the delivery of a first substance from the distal chamber after the first substance from the proximal chamber is transferred into the distal chamber involving the actuation of the valve mechanism.

Abstract: A mobile medical pump has a tubular cartridge unit with a first end having an interface to an infusion line and a second, open end having a first engagement interface, with a piston inserted in the cartridge and engaging an inner diameter of the cartridge, such that translation of the piston within the cartridge will draw in or expel liquid to or from the cartridge, a case housing having an opening for inserting the cartridge and an internal second engagement interface at a depth that, with a cartridge fully inserted and the first and second engagement interfaces joined, an infusion line may be connected to the first end external to the case, and a piston rod within the case housing, the piston rod having a permanent magnet at a first end with a planar surface orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the piston rod, and a threaded opening at an opposite end engaging a rotatable translation screw driven by a translation drive system including an electric motor.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system includes a pressurizing mechanism. The pressurizing mechanism includes: a substantially cylindrical body having a movable member positioned therein that divides the body into a first chamber and a second chamber; a plunger rod connected to a first side of the movable member and extending through a substantially closed first end of the body; and an elongated member connected to a second side of the movable member and extending through a substantially closed second end of the body. The plunger rod configured to operatively engage a fluid container. Fluid is dispensed from the fluid container by forming a vacuum within at least the first chamber by moving the movable member toward the second end of the body, allowing atmospheric pressure to enter the second chamber, and actuating the pressurizing mechanism to cause the moving member to move towards the first end of the body.

Abstract: A jet injector that includes a prefilled syringe. The syringe includes a fluid chamber that contains a medicament. The syringe also has an injection-assisting needle, and a plunger is movable within the fluid chamber. A housing is configured for allowing insertion of the needle to a penetration depth. The housing includes a retractable guard and an interference component, e.g., a lock ring, adjacent to the retractable guard that interferes with the movement of the retractable guard. An energy source is configured for biasing the plunger to produce an injecting pressure to jet inject the medicament from the fluid chamber through the needle to an injection site.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns an indication mechanism for an automatic applicator, particularly for insulin or other liquid preparations, particularly for multiple injection administration of set doses of a medicine from an exchangeable container, for example for the self-application of insulin by diabetes patients. An indication mechanism for an automatic applicator, having an assembly of at least two barrels movably coupled to each other has an indication barrel mounted on the driving barrel contains only marking on its external surface and is co-axially connected to the pull-push control nut.

Abstract: A syringe assembly having an exterior surface and defining a chamber having a stopper disposed therein is disclosed. The syringe assembly includes a plunger assembly having an elongated plunger rod and a handle portion connected thereto, the plunger rod including a depending leg and at least one hinge connecting the depending leg with the handle portion. The plunger rod is adapted to transition from a collapsed position, in which at least a portion of the depending leg extends along at least a portion of the exterior surface of a syringe barrel, to an extended position in which at least a portion of the depending leg engages the stopper. The at least one hinge maintains the depending leg substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the syringe barrel in both the collapsed position and the extended position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piston rod assembly for a drug delivery device, comprising: a piston rod adapted to be operably engaged with a piston of a cartridge containing a medicament, at least one adjusting member displaceably disposed at the piston rod with respect to the piston rod's long axis, and being interconnected with a distal end section of the piston rod, and at least one interlock means adapted to interact with the adjusting member and/or with the piston rod for mutually locking in position the adjusting member and the piston rod in an arbitrary relative position in order to compensate for tolerances of manufacture and/or of assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medicament delivery device comprising a distal housing part (12), and a proximal housing part (10) adapted to receive a medicament container (14) comprising a movable stopper (15), wherein said housing parts are configured to be attached to each other; a threaded plunger rod (22) arranged within said medicament delivery device and being movable in the longitudinal direction of the device; wherein the medicament delivery device further comprises plunger force means (98) operably associated with said threaded plunger rod (22) and configured to exert both a torsion force and a tension force on said threaded plunger rod (22) for positioning the plunger rod in relation to the stopper and for avoiding drooling respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a disposable syringe and a push rod for use in a disposable syringe. The push rod comprises a proximal end, a distal end and an axis extending through the proximal end and the distal end. The distal end of the push rod is provided with a snap-fitting mechanism and a stop flange located at a proximal side of the snap-fitting mechanism. The stop flange comprises a main body portion formed about an axis of the push rod and a plurality of finger-like portions extending from the main body portion in a direction away from the axis of the push rod. According to the present invention, a smaller push force continues to be applied to the push rod upon completion of the injection, thereby achieving an additional stroke needed when the distal end of the push rod snap-fits with the needle seat and meanwhile lessening the patient's pains.

Abstract: An improved drug delivery device is provided having a piston rod that incorporates on its proximal end at least one guidepost that is configured for transmitting axial and rotational forces from a drive mechanism. The device comprises a drug delivery device housing and a medicament contained in the drug delivery device housing.

Abstract: A device for the automatic injection of doses of a drug compound is described. The device has a sliding sheath which, when depressed with its front end against the injection site, interacts with cam means to activate triggering of a plunger, thus controlling delivery of a drug dose. Plunger guide means are provided for controlling the triggering sequence and means for arming the device in the dose delivery condition. Automatic needle re-sheathing and resetting of a lock-out condition after each dose is delivered are also provided.

Abstract: An autoinjector includes a housing (10) to receive a syringe (14), and a drive mechanism including first and second springs (30, 32) operating in tandem via an intermediate member (34), on a plunger (42). The plunger is retained in a locked position by a trigger. Release of the trigger causes the first spring to advance the syringe to an arrest point whereafter the second spring extends within the syringe to expel a dose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to drive mechanisms suitable for use in drug delivery devices, in particular pen-type injectors, wherein a number of pre-set doses of medicinal product can be administered. In particular, the present invention relates to such drug delivery devices where a user may activate the drug delivery device.

Abstract: Various embodiments of piston rod assemblies, drug delivery devices making use of such piston rod assemblies, and methods for assembling such piston rod assemblies and drug delivery devices are provided. In one embodiment, a piston rod assembly for a drug delivery device is provided, wherein the piston rod assembly is configured to engage a piston of a medicament cartridge. The piston rod assembly comprises (i) a piston rod, (ii) at least one adjusting member displaceably engaged with a distal end section of the piston rod, wherein the at least one adjusting member is displaceable along a long axis of the piston rod, and (iii) at least one interlock member configured to mutually lock the at least one adjusting member and the piston rod in an arbitrary relative axial position.

Abstract: An infusion assembly is provided. Such an infusion assembly includes a first infusion body and a first nozzle operably engaged with the first infusion body. A first plunger is configured to translate longitudinally within the first infusion body for dispensing a first substance out of the first infusion body through the first nozzle. The plunger has a translating member and a stopper piston separable and removable from the translating member. Once separated, the stopper piston is capable of receiving a second nozzle of a second infusion body such that the first substance, along with a second substance in the second infusion body, are capable of being sequentially administered to a target site. An associated method and kit are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for automatic injection including a container, a piston and a piston rod coupled to the piston during the injection. A biasing element is provided for causing distal movement of the piston rod with respect to the container, with a housing receiving the container, the piston rod and the biasing element. The device further including a controlling arrangement for producing an audible indicator at the end of injection.

Abstract: An apparatus for operating a syringe has developed comprising that: an upper semi-cylindrical tube section, semi-circular groove shaped locking slot and lower semi-cylindrical tube section. The upper semi-cylindrical tube section is integrally formed an upper head part with a threaded hole for axial movement. The lower semi-cylindrical tube section forms a top portion, intermediate portion and end portion. A diameter (Dc) at the intermediate portion is larger than the diameter (Dtip) at end portion, which is gradually reduced from intermediate to end portion. The length of tapered portion is same as that of the constant diameter portion. A tip portion has formed an opened semi-circular shape to simply overlap the syringe over the syringe mounting device for easily snapping-in and out. The syringe piston moves downward with no reverse action when the piston press unit is rotated, so that it is possible to inject the precise amount of medical to a patient with constant pressure.

Abstract: A coded cartridge holder system is disclosed for use with a cartridge assembly (20) containing a fluid and a delivery device (10), where the system has keyed connectors (5, 5?, 6, 6?) to prevent accidental attachment of the wrong fluid delivery device (10). The system comprises a coupling (1) attachable to the dose setting portion (12) of the device (10) and keyed to the proximal end of the cartridge holder (14). The cartridge holder (14) may also contain medical coding (27, 28) to correspond to matching coding (27?, 28?) on the distal end of a cartridge assembly (20).

Abstract: Injection systems comprising a powered injector and one or more hazardous agents are disclosed.

Abstract: A coupling system for receiving a push rod includes a housing defining an internal channel having a sloped wall, and a piston received within the internal channel. The piston includes at least one flexible member arranged within the channel to be acted upon by the sloped wall to engage the push rod. The only external force required to couple the push rod is an axial force on the piston in a direction. The only external force required to de-couple the push rod is an axial force on the piston in an opposite direction.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide a syringe plunger formed of a polymeric material. The syringe plunger includes a pressurizer disposed at a proximal end, and a distal end bifurcated into a first plunger arm having a first conical surface and a second conical surface, and a second plunger arm having a first conical surface and a second conical surface. The distal end includes a first contact surface defined by the first conical surface of the first plunger arm and the first conical surface of the second plunger arm, the first contact surface configured to initially contact a firing engagement mechanism, the first contact surface disposed at a first angle of between about 40° and about 80° relative to a longitudinal axis of the syringe plunger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a injection device, comprising a housing being adapted to receive in its proximal housing portion a container with an injection fluid and to receive in its distal housing portion a dose setting and injection mechanism, wherein the mechanism includes a piston rod being axially displaceable with respect to the housing for dispensing injection fluid from the container, wherein the piston rod has an outer thread and is arranged torque proof with respect to the housing, dose setting means comprising a threaded element, which threaded element has an inner thread being in engagement with the outer thread of the piston rod, is designed so that its axial position relative to the housing is changeable and is rotatable relative to the piston rod and relative to the housing during setting of an injection dose, wherein the dose setting means are designed such that the threaded element is held in torque proof manner relative to the piston rod and to the housing during the injection of the beforehan

Abstract: An injection device with a travelling clutch which can be shifted between two different positions by the activation of an injection button. In the first position, the injection button and the driver is allowed to rotate relatively to the piston rod, which is blocked from rotation by the clicker element. In the second position, the drive sleeve and the injection button is axially movable while the piston rod is allowed to rotate.

Abstract: The invention refers to an interlock mechanism for restricting a rotational movement of a rotatable component (1) of a drug delivery device (10) and to a method for controlling the rotational movement of the rotatable component (1).

Abstract: An adapter for use with an appliance for administering an injectable product, the adapter serving to create a product connection between a catheter and a product container that can be inserted into the appliance, and including a thread for screwing the adapter to the appliance, a stop for fixing the container in the longitudinal direction of the thread, an attachment piece to which the catheter may be connected, and a product channel that extends through the attachment piece and the thread.

Abstract: A low retraction activation force plunger sub-assembly for an automatic injector includes: a plunger outer having one or more engagement prongs, a plunger inner having a shoulder, and a plunger biasing member retained in a first energized state between said plunger outer and plunger inner when the engagement prongs of the plunger outer are releasably engaged with the shoulder of the plunger inner. An automatic injector includes a housing, an activation mechanism, an actuation mechanism, and a syringe cartridge having the plunger sub-assembly and a needle assembly, wherein the actuation mechanism includes comprises an actuation biasing member residing in an initial energized state substantially within an upper portion of an actuation pill. A method of assembling the automatic injector includes the steps of: assembling the plunger sub-assembly and inserting the plunger sub-assembly into the housing such that a proximal end of the plunger sub-assembly contacts the actuation pill.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide firing mechanism assemblies that minimize or eliminate a misfire of an automatic injection device that causes a delay in the delivery of an injection. Exemplary embodiments provide automatic injection devices including firing mechanism assemblies that minimize or eliminate a misfire that causes a delay in the delivery of an injection. Exemplary embodiments provide methods for minimizing or eliminating misfire that causes a delay in delivery of an injection in automatic injection devices. Exemplary embodiments provide methods for using automatic injection devices that are free of a misfire that causes delay in delivery of a therapeutic substance into a patient's body.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns an indication mechanism for an automatic applicator, particularly for insulin or other liquid preparations, particularly for multiple injection administration of set doses of a medicine from an exchangeable container, for example for the self-application of insulin by diabetes patients. An indication mechanism for an automatic applicator, having an assembly of at least two barrels movably coupled to each other has an indication barrel mounted on the driving barrel contains only marking on its external surface and is co-axially connected to the pull-push control nut.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plunger rod for an injection device, having a distal element slidingly coupled to a proximal element having at least one radially flexible branch. The plunger rod includes a lock for selectively locking the distal element and the proximal element in a plurality of relative axial positions defining a plurality of intermediate positions of the plunger rod, wherein the lock is movable from a locked state, in which the distal element and the proximal element are fixed with respect to each other in the axial direction, and an unlocked state, in which the distal element and the proximal element are displaceable in the axial direction with respect to each other, when the at least one radially flexible branch is displaced radially. The invention also relates to an injection device having such a plunger rod.

Abstract: A safety member for use with an injection device is disclosed. The safety member includes a blocking ring extending into a housing of the injection device in blocking association with a latch member associated with a trigger mechanism of the injector, in which the blocking ring blocks movement of a portion of the trigger mechanism into a firing position. The safety member further includes a manipulable portion disposed outside the housing and configured for hand-manipulation by a user to remove the safety member from the housing to unblock the firing mechanism to enable firing of the injector.

Abstract: An I.V. flush syringe assembly includes a barrel having an inside surface defining a chamber for retaining fluid, an open proximal end and a distal end with a passageway therethrough in fluid communication with the chamber. An elongate plunger having a proximal end, a distal end and a stopper is slidably positioned in fluid-tight engagement with the inside surface of the barrel for drawing fluid into and out of the chamber by movement of the stopper relative to the barrel. The plunger includes anti-reflux structure for minimizing stopper deflection when fluid has been delivered from the chamber and the stopper is being forced against the distal end of the chamber.