Abstract: There is provided a tungsten film-forming method, including: forming a silicon film on a substrate in a reduced pressure atmosphere by disposing the substrate having a protective film formed on a surface of the substrate in a processing container; forming an initial tungsten film by supplying a tungsten chloride gas to the substrate having the silicon film formed thereon; and forming a main tungsten film by supplying a tungsten-containing gas to the substrate having the initial tungsten film formed thereon.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium has stored therein a program that causes a computer to execute a process, the process including: generating, based on search history information indicating history of search in a component search device with respect to feature values of a component, appearance frequency information indicating frequencies at which the feature values appear in the search history information; generating, based on the appearance frequency information, weighting information in which weights are associated with the feature values; executing learning on accumulated failure record information to build a failure estimation model for estimating a failure rate of the component; and estimating the failure rate of the component by using the built failure estimation model.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for operating a field device of automation technology, comprising: establishing a wireless and/or wired communications link between the field device and an operating unit; establishing a communications link between an authentication card and the field device, using the operating unit, wherein at least the field device and the authentication card contain symmetric or asymmetric key information; and carrying out an at least unilateral authentication of the authentication card on the field device, as well as an operating unit for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Abstract: A rotary operating device includes an operation part that is rotatable according to an operation by an operator, a rotation angle sensor that detects a rotation angle of the operation part, a torque applier that applies application torque to the operation part along a rotation direction of the operation part, a frictional force applier that applies a frictional force to the operation part, and a processor programmed to change the application torque and the frictional force according to the rotation angle.

Abstract: A programmable controller includes a time allocation setting section for setting execution time allocation, a stage analysis section for analyzing the operation stage of a machining system, a measurement section for measuring cycle time, and a machine learning device for learning the changing of the execution time allocation to sequence programs. The machine learning device includes: a state observation section for observing execution time allocation data, operation stage data, and machine operation pattern data as a state variable; a determination data acquisition section for acquiring, as determination data, cycle time determination data for determining whether cycle time taken to execute the operation stage is appropriate; and a learning section for learning the changing of the execution time allocation in relation to the operation stage of the machining system and an operation pattern of the machine.

Abstract: Provided are a correlation determination unit to set, as a first apparatus, one apparatus among a plurality of apparatuses, set, as a first quality value, a quality value indicating a quality of an intermediate product processed by the first apparatus, set, as a second apparatus, an apparatus among the plurality of apparatuses that belongs to a process prior to the process to which the first apparatus belongs, set, as a second quality value, a quality value of an intermediate product processed by the second apparatus and determine whether correlation exists between the first quality value and the second quality value; a set determination unit to determine, using a quality standard value BQ indicating a standard of quality of the intermediate product, whether the first apparatus and the second apparatus are a set of apparatuses for which a first error between the first quality value and the quality standard value BQ and a second error between the second quality value and the quality standard value BQ cancel ea

Abstract: Machine data reflecting operation of a monitored system is ingested and made available for search by a data intake and query system (DIQS). A monitoring function may search the data ingested by the DIQS to determine instances of notable events in regards to the monitored system and may further determine a defined invokable action message (IAM) associated with a notable event instance. Processing ensues to send an IAM to a communications device used by support personnel. The IAM includes information about an action invocation message (AIM) suitable to cause the performance of an action that possibly remedies or improves an operational condition represented by the notable event. Support personnel engages a user interface representation corresponding to the AIM and the AIM is sent to a remedial node where performance of the action is invoked.

Abstract: A device for calculating construction assistance information includes: an acquisition unit that acquires, from a vibratory hammer construction machine, information that contains at least values indicating a eccentricity force of a vibratory hammer which the vibratory hammer construction machine imparts to a construction object, the number of impacts, and a depth of penetration of the construction object; and a calculation unit that calculates a accumulated impact force indicating a work load of construction on the basis of the information acquired by the acquisition unit.

Abstract: An alarm handling system in plant process automation with a data processing device includes: at least one interface for accessing and/or processing one or more process signals and for determining corresponding process variables; an alarm configuration device for accessing and/or providing alarm configuration information including at least one setpoint for one or more determined process variables; and a prediction device for determining and processing a current rate of change of at least one process variable to predict how long it will take and/or a period until and/or predict at which date and/or time a provided setpoint and/or threshold is reached and/or crossed, and/or for determining whether and/or when at least one of the monitored and/or determined process variable values will cross the respective setpoint.

Abstract: A server system may include one or more hardware processors that execute computer-readable instructions from a non-transitory memory that cause the processor to receive a time component associated with a query request and one or more relational identification tags associated with a subset of a plurality of data items stored in one or more databases. The processor may then query the one or more databases to identify one or more time series data items based on the time component and the relational identification tags. After querying the databases, the processor may transmit the one or more time series data items to a computing device configured to display the one or more time series data items.

Abstract: A computer program product include non-transitory computer readable storage media having program instructions embodied therewith. The program instructions are executable by a processor to receive a continuous query for a user application and receive unfiltered sensor data transmitted over a network from a local compute node that is operatively coupled to a plurality of sensors, wherein the sensor data includes data obtained from the plurality of sensors. The program instructions are further executable by the processor to identify one or more principal components of the sensor data that are responsive to the continuous query, instruct the local compute node to continue transmitting only the sensor data that has been identified as the one or more principal components, and provide the user application with the sensor data that has been identified as the one or more principal components.

Abstract: A decentralized communication device is provided that facilitates optimal positioning and orientation of one or more antennas for wireless communication with external devices. The decentralized communication device includes one or more master components and one or more slave components. The master and the slave components are physically separate and communicate wirelessly. In some embodiments the slave acts as a carrier frequency translator between the master and an external wireless device, where it communicates with the external device using a first frequency and communicates with the master using a second frequency which is different from the first frequency. In another embodiment the slave has most or all the physical layer to do the digital coding, digital modulation, data framing, data formatting and data packetization for communicating with an external device, in which case digital coding and digital modulation is distributed between the master and the slave.

Abstract: A method of operating a process control system and a process control system are provided by the disclosure. In one embodiment, the process control system includes: (1) an optical sensor configured to monitor a production process within a process chamber and generate optical data therefrom, (2) an operational controller configured to perform critical functions to determine processing conditions of the production process from the optical data, wherein the critical functions are directed by critical function controls, (3) an adaptable management controller configured to provide the critical function controls to the operational controller, wherein the adaptable management controller is hierarchically isolated from the operational controller during the critical functions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of fabricating a stretchable electrical circuit and an apparatus for fabricating a stretchable electrical circuit, wherein the method of fabricating a stretchable electrical circuit includes stretching a stretchable substrate, forming a plurality of alignment marks on a surface of the stretchable substrate, forming a first axis extending from a line connecting two alignment marks among the plurality of alignment marks, and a second axis perpendicular to the first axis, marking one point of the surface of the stretched stretchable substrate with coordinates made by the first axis and the second axis, and disposing electrical components using the coordinates.

Abstract: A manufacturing execution system (MES) that provides tools for modeling and determining information about physical production lines made up of arrangements of entities. The MES includes configuration tools for modeling the entities in a physical production line. The MES also includes configuration tools for modeling the physical production line. Entity data models and line data models conform to the data structure of respective model templates. Line data models include line definition models and line layout models. Line layout models include an entity link model for each of the entities in the physical production line. The MES includes tools for dynamically determining the bottleneck for the physical production line. Other production metrics are also calculated using the MES.

Abstract: In order to specify a dust emitting mechanism portion, a wafer must be provided near a mechanism portion in operation and the mechanism portion must be operated so that foreign matter sticks to a surface of the wafer. A mechanism that allows foreign matter to stick to a wafer by repeating operation of each of particular portions in a device and thus intentionally bringing about dust emission is provided. For example, the device includes a control device, a sample chamber in which a sample is processed, and a mechanism that loads and unloads a sample to and from the sample chamber, the mechanism has a plurality of portions, the control device has a script, and a particular portion of the plurality of portions of the mechanism is repeatedly operated as the control device executes the script.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laboratory instrument, a system and a method for the instrument-controlled treatment of at least one laboratory sample using at least one consumable, by means of which information is obtained automatically as first data during a treatment, wherein the system and/or the laboratory instrument comprises a communication apparatus for establishing a data connection to at least one data processing apparatus, wherein the communication apparatus is suitable for transmitting these at least some first data to the data processing apparatus.

Abstract: Systems and methods for real-time message processing and control loop feedback are described. A stream processing system includes (i) a publish/subscribe and message queueing subsystem and (ii) an execution subsystem. A real-time stream of transactions is received at the publish/subscribe and message queueing subsystem. A job is created to aggregate data from the real-time stream of transactions with data from one or more other streams received at the publish/subscribe and messaging queueing subsystem. The job is executed at the execution subsystem, and the aggregated data resulting from the execution of the job is received at the publish/subscribe and message queueing subsystem. At least a portion of the aggregated data is provided as input to a control loop feedback process, which is executed to generate a result.

Abstract: A laser tracking system for determining pose information of a rigid object is disclosed. The laser tracking system includes three or more retroreflectors, three or more sets of multiple laser trackers, and an electronic controller. Each retroreflector is secured to the rigid object that is moveable within a frame of reference. For each set of laser trackers, each laser tracker is configured to direct a laser beam to and receive a reflected laser beam from an associated one of the retroreflectors within the frame of reference. The electronic controller is in communication with each of the laser trackers and determines the pose information of the rigid object in the reference frame based on information about the fixed location of each laser tracker in the frame of reference and information about a distance of each retroreflector from each laser tracker of the set of laser trackers associated with the retroreflector.

Abstract: A building management system includes connected equipment and a predictive diagnostics system. The connected equipment is configured to measure a plurality of monitored variables. The predictive diagnostics system includes a communications interface, a principal component analysis (PCA) modeler, and a fault predictor. The communications interface is configured to receive samples of the monitored variables from the connected equipment. The PCA modeler is configured to construct PCA models for a plurality of operating states of the connected equipment using the samples of the monitored variables. Each PCA model defines a location of one of the operating states in a multidimensional modeling space. The fault predictor is configured to determine a proximity of a new sample of the monitored variables to one or more of the operating states using the PCA models and to predict a fault occurrence based on the proximity.

Abstract: A controller includes a mold movement control unit that moves a movable mold between a first position separated from a fixed mold and a second position at which mold closing is completed; a determining unit determines the presence of abnormalities in at least one of the movable mold and the fixed mold on the basis of inspection information acquired from at least one of the movable mold and the fixed mold and outputs a confirmation signal related to the presence of abnormalities; and a mold stopping unit that stops movement of the movable mold on the basis of whether the confirmation signal output from the determining unit is acquired while a safety confirmation condition is satisfied after the mold movement control unit starts moving the movable mold from the first position toward the second position.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to estimate population reach for different unions based on marginal ratings. An example apparatus includes a reach determiner to estimate a population reach of a union of time intervals for which media ratings data is available; a pseudo universe determiner to determine a pseudo universe estimate of a recorded audience corresponding to the union; determine a pseudo universe estimate of a population audience corresponding to the union based on the pseudo universe estimate of the recorded audience; and determine an error of the population reach estimate of the union based on the pseudo universe of the population audience corresponding to the union; and the reach determiner to when the error does not satisfy a threshold, adjust the population reach estimate; and when the error does satisfy the threshold, determine the population reach of the union based on the population reach estimate.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention include a method, system and computer program product for comparing customer test environments and workloads to customer production environments and workloads and for using any differences to make changes to the customer test resources to better match customer production goals. The method includes a processor setting one or more characteristics related to customer production; collecting customer production data; modeling a customer test workload in relation to a corresponding customer production workload; collecting customer test data; comparing the customer test data to the customer production data; determining that at least one difference exists between the customer test data and the customer production data; and determining from the at least one difference between the customer test data and the customer production data, one or more ineffective customer test resources and updating the one or more ineffective customer test resources.

Abstract: An industrial control system may receive data associated with at least one component within an industrial automation system. The industrial control system may then determine whether the data is associated with at least one of a plurality of data tags, such that the at least one of the plurality of data tags describes at least one characteristic of the data. The industrial control system may then broadcast the data and the at least one of the plurality of data tags in a data feed channel when the data is associated with the at least one of the plurality of data tags.

Abstract: A big data network or system for a process control system or plant includes a data storage device configured to receive process control data from control system devices and store the process control data. The big data network or system identifies various parameters or attributes from the process control data, and creates and uses rowkeys to store the parameters according to various combinations, such as combinations using timestamps. The big data network or system may also store certain aggregate data analyses associated with time periods specified by the timestamps. Accordingly, the big data network or system efficiently stores real-time data having measurements within a database schema, and users or administrators can leverage the aggregate data to analyze certain data associated with certain time periods.

Abstract: System and a method wherein a wearable device receives sensor data at a wearable device and compares a first value determined from the sensor data with a second value determined from the sensor data to determine a percentage change in the sensor data from the first sample to the second sample. The system and method may also change a sampling frequency of the sensor at the wearable device according to one or more settings that were set by a user of the wearable device. The system and method optimizes power consumption while optimally recording data sensed by one or more sensors at a wearable device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and to a method for identifying a compression roller column in a tableting machine having a machine processor. The system includes a plug-in connection which includes a receiving socket and a plug. The plug has at least one embedded controller, and data can be exchanged between the machine processor of the tableting machine and the embedded controller of the plug via the one plug-in connection. The plug and the receiving socket are arranged on the tableting machine. The plug can be connected to the receiving socket.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method of manufacturing parts produced with a manufacturing device, based on the analysis of at least one statistical indicator representative of a characteristic dimension of the parts, according to which: a) in the course of time several samples are collected, each sample comprising several parts produced with the manufacturing device; b) the characteristic dimension of each part of the sample is measured; c) for each sample collected a weighted mean and a weighted standard deviation of the characteristic dimension are calculated according to an exponential weighting on the basis of a mean and standard deviation of the characteristic dimensions measured on the parts of said sample, of weighted means and of weighted standard deviations of the characteristic dimension which are calculated for previously collected samples; d) for each sample collected a value of the statistical indicator is calculated on the basis of the weighted mean and of the weighted standard deviation thus calc

Abstract: Systems and methods for laser trimming dental aligners include a model positioning system, an orientation determination system, and a laser trimming system. The model positioning system receives a physical dental model with a material thermoformed thereto. The dental model includes an orientation feature. The model positioning system moves the dental model to a position where the orientation feature is viewable by a camera. The camera captures an image of the orientation feature. The orientation determination system identifies an offset of the dental model by determining an actual orientation of the dental model based on the image of the orientation feature. The laser trimming system cuts the material from the dental model along a trim line while the fixture plate is moved about at least two axes relative to the laser trimming system.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method, a device and a computer-readable storage medium are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for operating a Controller Area Network (CAN) device involves in response to receiving bits of an arbitration field of a CAN data frame at the CAN device, selecting a timing engine from a plurality of timing engines and sampling subsequent bits of the CAN data frame using the selected timing engine. The timing engines have different sample clock frequencies.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a processing system for processing a substrate is provided. The method includes the following steps: acquiring data from the processing system for a plurality of parameters, the data including a plurality of data values; grouping the parameters into a plurality of sub-groups, each of the sub-groups including a plurality of correlated parameters; constructing a principle components analysis (PCA) model from the data values for the correlated parameters in a first one of the sub-groups, including normalizing the data values in the first one of the sub-groups with a first weighting factor and a second weighting factor, wherein the first weighting factor is different from the second weighting factor; and determining a statistical quantity using the PCA model.

Abstract: A particular device is provided with a communications module to receive signals of a plurality of devices within range of the particular device and further provisioned with grouping logic. The grouping logic is executable by one or more processors to determine from each of the signals a respective identifier for each of the plurality of devices, determine, based at least in part on the identifiers, that a particular subset of the plurality of devices are also included with the particular device in a particular one of a plurality of defined groups, and converge data received from the particular subset of devices based on the particular group.

Abstract: Before the rolling of a metal strip on a finishing train, the actual width and actual temperature of portions of the metal strip are respectively detected. The portions of the metal strip are tracked while they run through the finishing train. The rolling stands are respectively assigned width controlling devices which determine the setpoint width and the actual width after the rolling in the assigned rolling stand, and a downstream additional setpoint value, by which the desired tension downstream of the assigned rolling stand is corrected in order to bring the actual width closer to the setpoint width. The downstream additional setpoint value is both taken into account in the determination of the actual width and fed to a tension controller, which sets an actual tension, in the metal strip downstream of the assigned rolling stand, in accordance with the corrected setpoint tension.

Abstract: A device may determine probabilities for test scripts associated with a test to be executed on a software element, where a respective probability is associated with a respective test script, indicates a likelihood that the respective test script will be unsuccessful in a test cycle, and is determined based on historical test results, associated with the software element, for the respective test script. The device may generate, based on the probabilities, a test script execution order, of the test scripts, for the test cycle, and may execute, based on the test script execution order, the test on the software element in the test cycle. The device may dynamically generate, based on results for the test in the test cycle, an updated test script execution order, and may execute, based on the updated test script execution order, the test on the software element in the test cycle.

Abstract: A method for monitoring health of processes includes a compute device having a performance monitoring parameter manager and an analytics engine. The compute device accesses performance monitoring parameters associated with a monitored process of the compute device. The compute device samples one or more hardware counters associated with the monitored process and applies a performance monitor filter to the sampled one or more hardware counters to generate hardware counter values. The compute device performs a process fault check on the monitored process based on the hardware counter values and the performance monitoring parameters.

Abstract: To provide a manufacturing system that is capable of still continuing work in a case in which a failure occurs in the network connection between the centralized management apparatus and a manufacturing line and a control method of the manufacturing system. When activation of all of the work machines (a screen printer, and the like) in a manufacturing line is completed, a line management device acquires, from a centralized management apparatus, material data and control data required in one day of manufacturing of the manufacturing line. Further, in a case in which a failure in a wide area network that connects the line management device and a centralized management apparatus is detected, the line management device causes a manufacturing work of mounting boards by a work machine to be continued on the basis of the control data, and the like, corresponding to one day, which is saved in advance.

Abstract: To provide a controller for reducing a burden to be imposed on an operator in applying force with a finger during operation on a machine tool or a robot, and for associating an operation history with identification information about the operator. A controller for a robot or a machine tool comprises a fingerprint detection unit and a control unit. The control unit comprises: a key information receiving part that receives input key information; a key information transmission part that transmits the input key information linked in advance with the fingerprint detection unit to the key information receiving part if an operator makes a finger touch the fingerprint detection unit; and an individual identification information specification part that specifies identification information about the operator based on fingerprint information about the finger having touched the fingerprint detection unit.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an air product in an air separating system in which a liquid fraction is obtained from feed air and used to provide the air product and in which the liquid fraction is temporarily stored in a tank arrangement. A tank arrangement with at least two tanks is used, and the liquid fraction is fed to at least one of the tanks and/or is removed from at least one of the tanks in order to provide the air product. In the process, the liquid fraction is not fed to and removed from any one of the tanks at the same time, and the composition of the liquid fraction in a tank is ascertained prior to each removal of the liquid fraction from the tank. An air separating system is also described.

Abstract: A machine tool acquires information related to manual operation from log data recorded when machining and the manual operation are performed in the machine tool, creates input data on the basis of the acquired information, acquires information related to occurrence or non-occurrence of a collision of a spindle or a tool at the time of the manual operation from the log data, and creates teacher data on the basis of the acquired information. Supervised learning is performed using the created input data and the created teacher data, and a learning model is constructed.

Abstract: A defect prediction method for a device manufacturing process involving processing one or more patterns onto a substrate, the method including: determining values of one or more processing parameters under which the one or more patterns are processed; and determining or predicting, using the values of the one or more processing parameters, an existence, a probability of existence, a characteristic, and/or a combination selected from the foregoing, of a defect resulting from production of the one or more patterns with the device manufacturing process.

Abstract: Server information handling system LED indication lights and other illumination devices are selectively illuminated based upon override configuration settings pushed down from a data center administrative tool. A chassis management controller that manages a blade or rack with plural server information handling systems overrides indication light illumination at blade or rack components, such as power supply and I/O modules. Power saved by reducing indication light illumination is allocated to support operation of one or more server information handling systems.

Abstract: This application discloses web or cloud-based electronic design automation tools, which can incorporate functionality to enable collaborative and/or social interaction among multiple different users of the electronic design automation tools. The electronic design automation tools can monitor activity of a user on a design tool, compare the activity of the user on the design tool to previous design activities of one or more different users of the design tool, and prompt presentation of a design suggestion to the user based, at least in part, on a commonality between the activity of the user and previous design activities of the one or more different users.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically providing a virtual sensor have been described. In one embodiment, a method for automatically providing a virtual sensor includes receiving a plurality of virtual sensor templates from a server. The method further includes selecting a virtual sensor template from the plurality of virtual sensor templates. The selected virtual sensor template has an algorithm to provide a desired functionality. The method further includes selecting at least one parameter to configure the selected virtual sensor template. The method further includes automatically creating a virtual sensor associated with the selected virtual sensor template.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are provided for automatically determining a parameter causing an abnormal semiconductor metrology measurement. In use, an abnormal semiconductor metrology measurement measured from a fabricated semiconductor component is received. At least one parameter of the fabricated semiconductor component causing the abnormal semiconductor metrology measurement is then automatically determined by one or more hardware processors.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) system for a building includes HVAC equipment, a controller, and a predictive modeling system. The HVAC equipment are operable to affect an environmental condition in the building. The controller is configured to determine an operating point for the HVAC equipment and to operate the HVAC equipment at the operating point. The predictive modeling system includes a plurality of HVAC component models and one or more prediction combiners. The HVAC component models are configured to generate a plurality of component model predictions based on the operating point. The prediction combiners are configured to combine the plurality of component model predictions to form a combined model prediction. The controller is configured to use the combined model prediction to optimize the operating point and to operate the HVAC equipment at the optimized operating point.

Abstract: Methods and systems for creating a measurement model based only on measured training data are presented. The trained measurement model is then used to calculate overlay values directly from measured scatterometry data. The measurement models receive scatterometry signals directly as input and provide overlay values as output. In some embodiments, overlay error is determined from measurements of design rule structures. In some other embodiments, overlay error is determined from measurements of specialized target structures. In a further aspect, the measurement model is trained and employed to measure additional parameters of interest, in addition to overlay, based on the same or different metrology targets. In some embodiments, measurement data from multiple targets, measurement data collected by multiple metrologies, or both, is used for model building, training, and measurement. In some embodiments, an optimization algorithm automates the measurement model building and training process.

Abstract: A cell controller includes a plurality of sensors for detecting the state of a plurality of manufacturing machines, a state storing unit for storing the state of each manufacturing machine, a breakdown information acquiring unit for acquiring breakdown information of each manufacturing machine, an input unit for inputting recovery operation information when each manufacturing machine stops, a recovery operation information storing unit for storing the recovery operation information of each manufacturing machine, and a correlation data generating unit. The correlation data generating unit generates correlation data obtained by correlating the breakdown information acquired by the breakdown information acquiring unit with the recovery operation information stored by the recovery operation information storing unit in each manufacturing machine, and transmits the same to the database.

Abstract: A system for the automated categorization, research, correction, enhancement, and resubmission of payment rejections for prescriptions, is disclosed. The system is adapted for use across multiple pharmacies connected to a central server with access to various databases containing information about providers, customers, payers and past prescription history. The system reviews the rejections and categorizes them based on various material within the rejection information and on file in the databases. Once characterized, one or more of several routines and subroutines are worked on the rejection to determine any issues that may be resolved prior to resubmission. Where unsuccessful in automatic resubmission, the system executes a prioritization and agent-matching engine to field the rejection to the most efficient resource to overcome it.

Abstract: In the measurement of properties of a wafer substrate, such as Critical Dimension or overlay a sampling plan is produced 2506 defined for measuring a property of a substrate, wherein the sampling plan comprises a plurality of sub-sampling plans. The sampling plan may be constrained to a predetermined fixed number of measurement points and is used 2508 to control an inspection apparatus to perform a plurality of measurements of the property of a plurality of substrates using different sub-sampling plans for respective substrates, optionally, the results are stacked 2510 to at least partially recompose the measurement results according to the sample plan.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for tagged data and rectangular data conversions. The system and method receive tagged input data that is in a non-rectangular format and that uses a hierarchical arrangement of tags to indicate data relationships. The tagged input data is displayed in a graphical interface, and the graphical interface is used to create a mapping specification from the tagged input data.