Abstract: An optical interrogation system is described herein that can interrogate a label-independent-detection (LID) biosensor and monitor a biological event on top of the biosensor without suffering from problematical parasitic reflections and/or problematical pixelation effects. In one embodiment, the optical interrogation system is capable of interrogating a biosensor and using a low pass filter algorithm to digitally remove problematic parasitic reflections contained in the spectrum of an optical resonance which makes it easier to determine whether or not a biological event occurred on the biosensor. In another embodiment, the optical interrogation system is capable of interrogating a biosensor and using an oversampling/smoothing algorithm to reduce oscillations in the estimated location of an optical resonance caused by the problematical pixelation effect which makes it easier to determine whether or not a biological event occurred on the biosensor.

Abstract: In a method for providing an estimate of a head position for a disk drive, a readback signal is filtered. The readback signal includes a first position signal component corresponding to a first position pattern on a disk, and includes a second position signal component corresponding to a second position pattern on the disk. Filtering the readback signal enhances a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the readback signal with respect to the first position signal component and the second position signal component. An estimate of an amplitude of the first position signal component is generated based on the filtered readback signal, and an estimate of an amplitude of the second position signal component is generated based on the filtered readback signal. An estimate of a head position with respect to a track on the disk is generated based on the estimate of the amplitude of the first position signal component and the estimate of the amplitude of the second position signal component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and related methodology for providing fast low frequency jitter rejection in the measurement of signals under test. A signal under test may be sampled alternately with a reference signal under similar conditions. The resulting sampled signal blocks may then be processed to subtract the known calibrated value of the reference signal from the average signal under test.

Abstract: A digital watermark detection method uses a matched filtering technique on a log polar re-mapping of a watermarked signal to detect peaks associated with a repetitive structure of a watermark.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for receiving and processing noisy communications signals automatically varies multiple processing parameters to both improve signal-to-noise ratio and to minimize delays in responding to changes in the incoming signal. The signal-to-noise ratio is improved with relatively stable signals by increasing the number of samples used in forming a processed signal value. In response to changes in signal input, the number of samples used in processing is substantially decreased while the sampling rate is substantially increased until the incoming signal exhibits an increased degree of stability. As the incoming signal becomes more stable, the number of samples used in performing a processed signal value is increased toward maximum and the sample rate is decreased.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing noise in spectral data. A noise burst level is defined. If a spectral point has an intensity greater than the burst level (a burst point), points neighboring the burst point are examined. If a function of these neighboring points indicates that the burst point is a discrete event, then the abundance level of the burst point is altered.

Abstract: A signal processing method and system combining smooth level wavelet pre-processing together with artificial neural networks all in the wavelet domain for signal denoising and extraction. Upon receiving a signal corrupted with noise, an n-level decomposition of the signal is performed using a discrete wavelet transform to produce a smooth component and a rough component for each decomposition level. The nth level smooth component is then inputted into a corresponding neural network pre-trained to filter out noise in that component by pattern recognition in the wavelet domain. Additional rough components, beginning at the highest level, may also be retained and inputted into corresponding neural networks pre-trained to filter out noise in those components also by pattern recognition in the wavelet domain. In any case, an inverse discrete wavelet transform is performed on the combined output from all the neural networks to recover a clean signal back in the time domain.

Abstract: An optical interrogation system is described herein that can interrogate a label-independent-detection (LID) biosensor and monitor a biological event on top of the biosensor without suffering from problematical parasitic reflections and/or problematical pixelation effects. In one embodiment, the optical interrogation system is capable of interrogating a biosensor and using a low pass filter algorithm to digitally remove problematic parasitic reflections contained in the spectrum of an optical resonance which makes it easier to determine whether or not a biological event occurred on the biosensor. In another embodiment, the optical interrogation system is capable of interrogating a biosensor and using an oversampling/smoothing algorithm to reduce oscillations in the estimated location of an optical resonance caused by the problematical pixelation effect which makes it easier to determine whether or not a biological event occurred on the biosensor.

Abstract: In active noise reduction, at least one input signal (25) is fed to a computing unit (18), which passes on the at least one input signal (25) to at least one additional computing unit (19), wherein the at least one input signal (25) is processed for the generation of at least one output signal (26) in the at least one additional computing unit (19). Therein, a kind of processing for processing in the additional computing unit (19) is set by the computing unit (18). Finally, the generated at least one output signal (26) is fed to the computing unit (18). Furthermore, apparatuses for carrying out the method are disclosed.

Abstract: An array has Nel array elements for receiving a plurality of communication signals from different sources. A noise power estimator at each array element receives a signal and estimates the noise power by collecting Ns data samples, forming a covariance matrix of the Ns data samples based on a model order estimate, computing the eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix and ranking eigenvalues from the minimum to the maximum for the determining the noise power of the received signal at the respective array element. A pencil-based blind source separation (BSS) processor receives the signals and noise estimates from each array element and noise power estimator and removes the noise.

Abstract: An end effector of a robot tool that includes accelerometers and methods to sense end effector motion. A semiconductor substrate or similar object may be supported by the end effector. Motion of the end effector and associated substrate movement may be transduced and sampled according to specified conditions. The sampled data may be processed, stored and analyzed for subsequent use, and/or may be used in near real time to control end effector movement. Sampled data representative of mechanical events associated with end effector movement may be communicated to a remotely operated processor system.

Abstract: An abnormal noise correction verification apparatus is provided that can easily verify the effectiveness a corrective action with respect to an abnormal noise being generated. The apparatus has at least one vibration sensor, which detect vibrations of the vehicle. The apparatus extracts a signal in a specific frequency band for the vibrations detected from the vibration sensor. The apparatus stores a pre-corrective action signal extracted from the vibration sensor, which is from before eliminating a cause of abnormal noise, and a post-corrective action signal extracted from the vibration sensor, which is from after eliminating the cause of abnormal noise. Both pre-corrective action signal and the post-corrective action signal were detected under identical travel conditions by the vibration sensor. The apparatus then synchronizes and separately outputs the pre-corrective action signal and the post-corrective action signal for comparison.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an interference eliminating method in an adaptive array system, and an array processing device using the interference eliminating method. A predetermined array weight is applied to signals input through respective array elements, and the respective input signals to which the array weight is applied are added to generate an array output signal. Subsequently, the array weight is updated based on the array output signal and a first convergence parameter for unit gain constraint, and the array weight is updated based on the array output signal and a second convergence parameter for null constraint. Since a process for generating the array output signal is repeatedly performed based on the updated array weight, an interference signal is eliminated from the input signal.

Abstract: The sound acquisition apparatus broadcasts a sound “output notice request” through a communication network. In response to the request by the sound acquisition apparatus, the sound output apparatus gives notification of starting a sound output operation, the sound acquisition apparatus requests the sound output apparatus to transfer “output sound data”. The sound output apparatus then transfers “output sound data” representing the sound outputted by its own speaker to the sound acquisition apparatus in response to this request. The sound acquisition apparatus then suppresses a noise component from sound data acquired through a microphone using the transferred “output sound data”.

Abstract: The method for suppressing noise in the controlled seismic source electromagnetic survey data based on the frequency content of the noise (51) contained in the data. The invention recognizes that some data variations across bins cannot be attributed to resistivity variations within the earth. This variation across the bins constitutes a model of noise in such surveys, and the invention mitigates noise that obeys this model.

Abstract: A method of minimizing phase noise is provided. In operation, a first phase noise in a first circuit located on an integrated circuit is determined. Additionally, a second phase noise in a second circuit coupled to the first circuit but which is not located in the integrated circuit is determined, the second circuit being programmable. Further, the first phase noise is compared with the second phase noise. If the phase noises are about the same, it is determined that the noise source is from an algorithm of a random number generator, the second circuit is modified to optimize the performances of the integrated circuit, and the modified second circuit is copied to the first circuit. If the phase noises are different, it is determined that a source of the phase noise is at least one of a power supply coupling and a substrate coupling in the integrated circuit.

Abstract: The present invention recognises and eliminates from a biomagnetic measurement signal interferences whose source is disposed in the direct vicinity of an object being measured. The invention utilises the SSS method that can be used to separate from one another the signals associated with the internal and external sources of a set of measurement sensors by calculating two series developments. The sources to be examined in the invention and disposed in the so-called intermediate space produce a component to both of the developments, and can, therefore, be detected by means of an analysis to be performed in a time domain. This division into components can be made using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) or the Singular Value Decomposition. Finally, the clarified interferences in the intermediate space can be eliminated from the measured signal using, for example, the linear algebraic orthogonal projection.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed for evaluating and monitoring performance of a heat exchanger system. Operating parameters of the system are monitored and fouling factors for heat transfer surfaces of the exchanger are determined. Trending of fouling may be performed over time based upon the fouling factors, and a model of fouling may be selected from known sets of models, or a model may be developed or refined. Fluid treatment, such as water treatment regimes may be taken into account in evaluation of fouling. An automated knowledge based analysis algorithm may diagnose possible caused of fouling based upon sensed and observed parameters and conditions. Corrective actions may be suggested and the system controlled to reduce, avoid or correct for detected fouling.

Abstract: A quasi-periodic signal with high signal-to-noise ratio containing signal features that exhibit poor temporal localization is processed to identify waveform temporal reference points that are used to provide the temporal reference points for extracting a representative waveform of a signal feature having high temporal localization in a second, related, quasi-periodic signal that has low signal-to-noise ratio. The resulting representative waveform exhibits much improved signal-to-noise ratio while preserving the temporal detail contained in the second, related, quasi-periodic signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices are described for detecting noise in a touchpad or other sensor that produces an output in response to a stimulus that is applied at or near a sensing region. According to various embodiments, a carrier signal is applied to the sensing region at two or more frequencies to thereby produce an output from the sensing region at each frequency. Each of the outputs is demodulated and filtered by a demodulation filter having a demodulation filter bandwidth. The various frequencies applied to the carrier signal are selected such that a difference between the frequencies is less than the demodulation filter bandwidth. At least some of the effects of the stimulus are removed from the outputs produced by the various carrier frequencies to produce two or more filtered outputs. The filtered outputs are then added, combined or otherwise processed to detect noise contained therein.

Abstract: Structural analysis systems and methods are disclosed. One embodiment provides a method for analyzing a structure includes receiving damage image data; converting the received image data into analysis data in an analyzable format; performing a structural analysis on the analysis data; and outputting the results of the structural analysis. The system includes a computer or other processing device that is capable of analyzing a structure. The system receives damage image data; converts the received image data into analysis data in an analyzable format; performs a structural analysis on the analysis data; and outputs the results of the structural analysis.

Abstract: An adaptive beamforming apparatus and method includes a fixed beamformer that compensates for time delays of M noise-containing speech signals input via a microphone array having M microphones (M is an integer greater than or equal to 2), and generates a sum signal of the M compensated noise-containing speech signals; and a multi-channel signal separator that extracts pure noise components from the M compensated noise-containing speech signals using M adaptive blocking filters that are connected to M adaptive canceling filters in a feedback structure and extracts pure speech components from the added signal using the M adaptive canceling filters that are connected to the M adaptive blocking filters in the feedback structure.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that identifies a drift in a signal in a computer system. During operation, the system receives a sequence of quantized signal values of the signal. Next, the system generates a statistical distribution based on the sequence of quantized signal values, wherein the statistical distribution is generated using a set of counters, wherein each counter keeps track of the number of occurrences of an associated quantized signal value. The system periodically adjusts the counters by multiplying each counter by a compression factor if the system determines the sum of the set of counters is greater than or equal to a threshold. The system identifies the drift in the signal by comparing the statistical distribution with a reference distribution of the quantized signal values, wherein the reference distribution is associated with normal operation of the computer system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of processing flow meter data to filter out signal noise is provided. The method includes defining the flow meter data as a k-? plane, wherein the k-? plane includes a first k-plane quadrant separated from a second k-plane quadrant by a predetermined axis. The flow meter data includes a first data set disposed within the first k-plane quadrant and a second data set disposed within the second k-plane quadrant. The first data set and the second data set are disposed symmetrically about the predetermined axis and subtracting the first data set from the second data set to obtain a resultant data set.

Abstract: A method which permits the transformation of non-stationary response measurements into stationary data for analysis is provided. Many standard analysis techniques, particularly for oscillatory responses, are based on stationary data, and the method allows these techniques to be performed on originally non-stationary data. The method may be a method of processing oscillatory response data from a resonant system including: obtaining data measuring an oscillatory response of the system; estimating the variation in natural frequency of a mode of said response; filtering the data around a selected frequency to obtain a filtered response; determining a carrier signal whose frequency variation with respect to time is equal in magnitude to said estimated variation in natural frequency; and modulating the amplitude of said carrier signal using said filtered response to obtain a modulated carrier signal. A corresponding system for processing oscillatory response data is also provided.

Abstract: A waveform measuring apparatus includes: a digital filter for removing a large-amplitude changing component from an input signal and for outputting a resultant output signal with a small-amplitude noise component left therein; a window generating section for receiving a differential signal between this input signal and the resultant output signal of the digital filter and for generating a window indicating a position of an edge portion of the differential signal; and a ringing measurement section for extracting, from the resultant output signal of the digital filter, a portion of waveform which is indicated by the window generated by the window generating section and for measuring at least a peak-to-peak amplitude of the portion of waveform.

Abstract: A system and method for producing and controlling a random signal with simultaneous control of both the power spectral density (PSD) and kurtosis (100) where a controlled signal is measured from a transducer, and converted to a PSD (111) using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The measured PSD is compared (117) with a reference PSD (121) where an adaptive filter (119) is updated to compensate for the error. Simultaneously the kurtosis of the measured data is computed (125) and compared to a reference kurtosis (123). A feedback control loop (127) is employed to adjust the kurtosis of a white noise random generator with variable kurtosis (101). This white noise is then filtered by the adaptive filter (119) to provide the output signal used to drive the control process.

Abstract: Signal processing systems and methods are described that include a multi-analog receiver front end with adaptive filtering. The multi-analog receiver front end uses two or more analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to remove additive electrical noise present in the analog front end. The multiple ADCs are followed in the signal processing path by digital statistical signal processing. The multi-analog receiver front end adaptively determines the passband of a digital filter in a system with input signals having a wide frequency range of interest, and controls filtering of the input signals to the narrow frequency range that includes an input signal. The multi-analog receiver front end, through removal of additive noise, provides higher signal-to-noise ratios for a given power dissipation and chip area when compared to receiver front ends which do not use the multiple ADCs.

Abstract: Present application provides a method for suppressing noise in a spectral Doppler system, comprising the steps of: obtaining a power spectrum of Doppler signals demodulated in the spectral Doppler system, by performing spectral analysis on the Doppler signals; estimating an average noise power of the spectral Doppler system; designing a noise suppression filter by determining its filter coefficients based on the power spectrum of the Doppler signals and the estimated average noise power; filtering the Doppler signals by using the designed noise suppression filter so as to reduce the noise.

Abstract: The ability to combine multiple audio signals captured from the microphones in a microphone array is frequently used in beamforming systems. Typically, beamforming involves processing the output audio signals of the microphone array in such a way as to make the microphone array act as a highly directional microphone. In other words, beamforming provides a “listening beam” which points to a particular sound source while often filtering out other sounds. A “generic beamformer,” as described herein automatically designs a set of beams (i.e., beamforming) that cover a desired angular space range within a prescribed search area. Beam design is a function of microphone geometry and operational characteristics, and also of noise models of the environment around the microphone array. One advantage of the generic beamformer is that it is applicable to any microphone array geometry and microphone type.

Abstract: A method of detecting real events by obtaining a set of recent signal results, calculating measures of the noise or variation based on the set of recent signal results, calculating an expected baseline value based on the set of recent signal results, determining sample deviation, calculating an allowable deviation by multiplying the sample deviation by a threshold factor, setting an alarm threshold from the baseline value plus or minus the allowable deviation, and determining whether the signal results exceed the alarm threshold.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for suppressing a duplicated alarm in a communications network are described. In one embodiment, at least one alarm message associated with at least one event is received. A determination of whether the at least one event exists in a database is subsequently made. The at least one event is recorded in the database if the at least one event does not exist in the database. Conversely, the at least one alarm message is suppressed if the at least one event exists in the database.

Abstract: A noise rejection filter for a trigger circuit uses an algorithm that updates the filter output monotonically so long as the signal slope remains unchanged, maintains the filter output at a constant level when the signal slope changes but the difference between the sample value and the filter output is less than or equal to a hysteresis value, and changes the signal slope while updating the filter output when the difference is greater than the hysteresis value. This maintains the peaks of the input signal at the filter output. The noise rejection filter may be used in a trigger circuit prior to a comparator so that the trigger signal from the comparator accurately reflects the signal pulse width at a desired trigger level and trigger events are detected when the desired trigger level is near the peaks of the input signal.

Abstract: A sinusoidal modulated signal and noise are applied to a system consisting of two oscillators of the so-called General Type, which can be, but are not limited to, the Van der Pol type, Rotator type, Tracking Force type, Linear type, or any other type of oscillator. The two oscillators in the system can also be of different types. The General Type oscillators are tuned for specific frequencies of the incoming sinusoidal modulated signal. The process of adjusting of oscillators to an incoming signal is known as Dynamic Synchronization. During the transitional period, because the noise is random, the noise pushes the frequencies of the General Type oscillators in opposite directions over time and thus self-eliminates its impact on such oscillators. The resulting signal is much less noisy, i.e., rectified, so that the sinusoidal modulated signal can be further evaluated by, for example, extracting and further analyzing its spectral peaks.

Abstract: Systems and methods for locating the shooter of supersonic projectiles are described. The system uses at least five, preferably seven, spaced acoustic sensors. Sensor signals are detected for shockwaves and muzzle blast, wherein muzzle blast detection can be either incomplete coming from less than 4 sensor channels, or inconclusive due to lack of signal strength. Shooter range can be determined by an iterative computation and/or a genetic algorithm by minimizing a cost function that includes timing information from both shockwave and muzzle signal channels. Disambiguation is significantly improved over shockwave-only measurements.

Abstract: A noise-component removing method for removing a noise component from multipoint spectral data that has been generated through measurements performed at measurement points of a sample surface, the method comprising: a PLS analysis step of determining components of the multipoint spectral data for each measurement point in a descending order of eigenvalues of the components by subjecting the multipoint spectral data to multivariate analysis based on the partial least squares regression using a value obtained by quantifying characteristic information about a characteristic of each measurement point, other than spectral information of the measurement point and using the spectral information as an independent variable in the partial least squares regression; and a spectrum reconstruction step of reconstructing the multipoint spectral data for each measurement point to eliminate a component having an eigenvalue lower than a predetermined value, from the components determined in the PLS analysis step.

Abstract: An artifact signal correction system may include a mixing component to generate a waveform corresponding to an artifact such as an error tone, whereupon that waveform may be combined with the input waveform to substantially eliminate the artifact. In preferred embodiments, a method and apparatus for reducing spurious tones in systems of mismatched interleaved digitizers due to interleave error is provided. In various embodiments the method may include reversing the frequency content of an input signal, converting the reversed signal into interleave artifact content, delaying the input signal along a parallel path, and then subtracting the interleave content from the delayed input signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and associated systems and methods may relate to a wide bandwidth cable assembly that may include an active amplification stage to receive high frequency signals (e.g., 1 GHz or above) through a transmission line extending distally to a passive, high density signal probe stage. In an illustrative example, the probe stage may receive multiple analog or digital signals from a device under test (DUT). In some embodiments, the probe stage may include probe pins with integrated series resistance to control signal loading, and an equalizer to shape the signal path's frequency response. The amplification stage may provide a virtual ground reference for a termination impedance that may match the transmission line's impedance and may connect in series with a feedback impedance. In one example, a minimally invasive probe head may facilitate measurement of multiple channels of a high speed data bus with minimal signal distortion and/or attenuation.

Abstract: A fault severity check and source identification method for a frequency domain instrument accesses acquired reflection data for a transmission line under test. From the acquired data reflection surfaces are isolated as a function of distance. Each reflection surface is examined to produce a frequency response profile and a worst-case reflection response to determine fault severity. The frequency response profile may also be correlated in a pattern recognition algorithm with known reference source profiles to determine the source identification for the fault.

Abstract: A matrix includes samples associated with a first signal and samples associated with a second signal. The second signal includes a first portion associated with the first signal and a second portion associated with at least one disturbance, such as white noise or colored noise. A projection of the matrix is produced using canonical QR-decomposition. Canonical QR-decomposition of the matrix produces an orthogonal matrix and an upper triangular matrix, where each value in the diagonal of the upper triangular matrix is greater than or equal to zero. The projection at least substantially separates the first portion of the second signal from the second portion of the second signal.

Abstract: A system and method is shown for determining the spatial boundary of certain measurable phenomena, such as broadcast signals, at various locations within geographical areas covered by the phenomenon. Data representing relative signal quality at various locations within the geographical area is created within a mobile device, such as a cell phone capable of receiving the phenomenon. The data is stored and refined within the device so as to define weak signal quality areas within at least a portion of the geographical area traveled by the mobile device. The refinement, which in one embodiment comprises coalescing and splitting stored data locations in the device allows for long storage periods by reducing memory requirements. By devoting the majority of memory to locations in the vicinity of the good/bad boundary, the most detailed picture possible of the boundary is achieved for a given amount of memory.

Abstract: A vehicle which uses an internal combustion engine and a motor generator as drive sources is provided with a battery disposed under a seat and a fan for cooling the battery. Power is exchanged between the motor generator and battery via an inverter. An electronic control unit estimates the level of background noise which is noise other than the operating sound of the fan in the passenger compartment based on the vehicle speed and rotation speed, etc., of the internal combustion engine. Then, the electronic control unit calculates an operation command value for the fan based on the estimated background noise level and temperature level of the battery and controls the rotation speed of the fan through the operation command value. As a result, it is possible to effectively cool the battery while reducing sensible noise caused by the operating sound of the fan.

Abstract: A method which permits the transformation of non-stationary response measurements into stationary data for analysis is provided. Many standard analysis techniques, particularly for oscillatory responses, are based on stationary data, and the method allows these techniques to be performed on originally non-stationary data. The method may be a method of processing oscillatory response data from a resonant system comprising: obtaining data measuring an oscillatory response of the system; estimating the variation in natural frequency of a mode of said response; filtering the data around a selected frequency to obtain a filtered response; determining a carrier signal whose frequency variation with respect to time is equal in magnitude to said estimated variation in natural frequency; and modulating the amplitude of said carrier signal using said filtered response to obtain a modulated carrier signal. A corresponding system for processing oscillatory response data is also provided.

Abstract: Method and system of measuring and optimization of noise in a servo system. The method and system including features to optimize filtering otherwise reducing noise in the system so as to permit improved system operation.

Abstract: VSB reception system with a frequency domain equalizer including a demodulating part for receiving, converting, and demodulating a signal, a frequency domain equalizing part for equalizing the demodulated signal for removing a distorted component from the demodulated signal, and a noise removing part for (a) receiving the equalized signal, (b) calculating a reference error signal that is a difference between the equalized signal and the signal having the noise removed therefrom, (c) calculating an error signal that is a difference between the reference error signal and the extracted noise signal, (d) renewing parameters with reference to the reference error signal and the error signal, and (e) calculating a difference between the equalized signal and the extracted noise signal, to provide a signal having the noise removed therefrom.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing noise in spectral data. A noise burst level is defined. If a spectral point has an intensity greater than the burst level (a burst point), points neighboring the burst point are examined. If a function of these neighboring points indicates that the burst point is a discrete event, then the abundance level of the burst point is altered.

Abstract: A method and system for canceling VSWR effects is provided. The exemplary method includes taking multiple measurements of parameters of a signal with a phase of the microwave signal shifted for each measurement; and processing the measured parameters to eliminate VSWR effects and determine the true magnitude and phase of the signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying echo sources in a communication path. A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, an echo measurement device (EMD) having a transmit module to transmit an echo canceller deactivation signal in a communication path of the communication system, wherein the echo canceller deactivation signal deactivates one or more echo cancellers in said communication path. The transmit module can also transmit a test signal in the communication path which is looped back at an end point identified as having an echo problem, wherein the test signal is transmitted at a remote location from the end point. The EMD can further include a detection module to detect one or more echo signals associated with the test signal. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing an interactive map using a computer system. The method includes determining graphic data indicative of a visible representation of a map of a geographic area and determining an identity. The computer system then generates coded data indicative of the identity and of a plurality of reference points of the map, and records an association between the identity and a page description, the page description being indicative of a layout of the coded data and the graphic data. The computer system then causes the map to be printed by printing of the graphic data and the coded data onto a surface using the layout.

Abstract: A system and method of estimating random and periodic phase noise components based on measurement of phase jitter in a given signal uses a difference filter to attenuate low frequency random noise components and a process of obtaining timing measurements at a plurality of sampling frequencies in order to de-alias identified noise spurs. Such technology is especially well-suited for devices capable of undersampling a jitter signal, such as continuous time interval analyzers (CTIAs).