Abstract: The method of reducing contamination of electrical signals recorded in the presence of repeated interference contamination comprises obtaining an electrical signal recorded in the presence of a contaminating signal, and detecting a timing signal that occurs at a fixed time point during the electrical signal relative to the onset of the contaminating signal. The electrical signal is digitized, wherein the digitizing begins with the timing signal. A plurality of digitized electrical signals is analyzed, wherein the electrical signals are synchronized with respect to the timing signal, to obtain an estimated contaminating signal that is subtracted from the digitized electrical signal. This method can be used with electrophysiological signals, such as EEG, ECG, EMG and galvanic skin response, and for elimination of noise associated with concurrently used methods such as MRI. The method of noise reduction is applicable to recordings of other electrical signals, including audio recordings.

Abstract: A system is provided for processing data values in a data set to create a data value representation having a signal side. The data set contains valid data values and noise data values where the number of the valid data values is statistically insignificant with respect to the number of noise data values. The system determines a statistically significant portion of the signal side and fits a curve to the statistically significant portion which extends beyond the statistically significant portion of the signal side. Once the curve is determined, the system can determine a data-validity confidence value for one of the data values responsive to the curve. The data-validity confidence value can be used determine that a data value in a set of spectral data is not a noise data value.

Abstract: A plurality of sensors observe an object, and the raw sensor data is processed to produce evidence signals representative of characteristics which may be used to classify the object as to type. The sensor response characteristics from the plurality of sensors are fused to generate fused or combined sensor response characteristics. Thus, the fused or combined sensor response characteristics are equivalent to the sensor response characteristics of a virtual sensor. The evidence and fused sensor response characteristics are applied to a taxonomic classifier to determine the object type.

Abstract: A signal processing method comprises: a) detecting sample auxiliary signals from an auxiliary signal and sample reference signals from a reference signal at different times; b) applying an auxiliary weight from a set of auxiliary weights to a corresponding sample auxiliary signal to create weighted sample auxiliary signals; c) applying a reference weight from a set of reference weights to a corresponding sample reference signal to create weighted sample reference signals; d) creating a summation value that represents the sum of the weighted sample auxiliary signals and the weighted sample reference signals; e) creating an error signal that represents the difference between the desired signal and the summation value; f) scaling the error signal to generate an update function; g) detecting the error signal; h) applying the update function to each of the auxiliary weights and reference weights; and i) returning to step (a).

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention may be found in an ultra low power dosimeter assembly. The ultra low power dosimeter assembly may comprise a low power voltage source and a table circuit. The table circuit may be adapted to convert an input voltage to a second voltage level. The second voltage level may correspond to noise dose. The ultra low power dosimeter assembly may also comprise a switch adapted to trigger a control circuit. The control circuit may provide progressive attenuation of an output signal as the second voltage level increases. In certain embodiments, the control circuit may also be adapted to send one or more warning signals to a user of the ultra low power dosimeter. The one or more warning signals may be sent when the control circuit determines the second voltage level has reached one or more pre-determined threshold voltage levels.

Abstract: An arrangement is for measuring characteristic parameters of intermodulation distortion of a device under test. The arrangement may include a generator of at least two tones at different test frequencies, and an attenuation path feeding the device with a replica of the two tones attenuated of a factor equal to the gain of the device. The arrangement may also include a circuit for generating a difference signal between the signal output by the device and the two tones, and a circuit input with the difference signal and measuring the characteristic parameters as a function thereof.

Abstract: An improved method for determining whether a measurement point, measured using a differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) system, represents a plume point or a non-plume point. Concentration path lengths (CPL's) for a plurality of measurement points are determined. An average non-plume CPL, CPL, is provided. For each measurement point, a standard deviation, CPLsd, is calculated based on first order error propagation and it is determined that the measurement point represents a non-plume point when the Hooshmand decision rule (HDR) is met. The HDR is given by, ( cpl - CPL _ CPL sd ) 2 > ( T ) 2 , where cpl is the corresponding CPL of the measurement point being tested and T is a threshold standard deviation level.

Abstract: A noise blanker (40, 106) monitors and removes noise from a sampled signal by adaptive filtering (98, 150) the sampled signal to generate trained adaptive filter prediction coefficients. The sampled signal is provided as an output signal when the noise blanker is in a training mode. A noise monitor (34, 154) detects whether noise contained within the sampled signal exceeds a predetermined threshold and provides a control signal in response to the detecting. The noise blanker is placed in a prediction mode for a predetermined amount of time in response to asserting the control signal. A prediction output signal is generated using a plurality of prediction coefficients as an all-pole filter. The prediction output signal has minimal noise content.

Abstract: A multiple input data receiver for bi-directional cable television (CATV) systems simultaneously monitors and selectively receives a return path signal on a plurality of return paths. When an appropriate data or signal transmission is detected on a return path, the corresponding return path is selected and then demodulated. The demodulated signal is appropriately decoded to yield signal data. Various tests and analyzing may be performed on the signal data. Simultaneous monitoring/receiving of all or a plurality of return paths minimizes system response time.

Abstract: A method of displaying signals containing a spatial and a temporal aspect, where multiple signals are received by multiple sensors. The received signals are decomposed into separate signal components within one or more distinct frequency bands. Signal components are isolated within each frequency band based on differences between the signal components within the same frequency band, and the signal components are displayed. The signal components may be analyzed to determine a time course of activity and a location of the associated source. Representations of the source may also be generated and displayed to aid in monitoring the signals.

Abstract: Discovery of RJ assumes an Adjusted TIE Record for TJ from which DDJ has been removed. What remains is PJ+RJ, from whose Fourier Transform PJ is ‘synthetically de-convolved’ to leave just RJ: Calculate the Power Density Spectrum of PJ+RJ, and determine a threshold that indicates a PJ component. Identify in the PDS the largest frequency component that exceeds the threshold, otherwise there is no significant PJ and PJ+RJ can be taken as RJ. If a frequency component exceeds the threshold, take the largest and calculate what the convolution of it with the FT of the Transition Pattern would be if this circumstance were to occur in isolation, and then remove it from PJ+RJ. Repeat with continued iterations, until there are no further PJ components.

Abstract: A surface analysis apparatus and a method for compensating for mechanical vibrations and drifts in a surface analysis instrument are disclosed. A probe that is sensitive to the distance between the probe and a sample surface provides a probe signal. The probe signal contains information about the surface properties and noise due to changes in the probe-surface distance. A sensor measures a displacement between a probe and the sample surface. The sensor is substantially insensitive to the surface properties measured by the probe. The displacement measurement can be used to compensate for the noise in the probe signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for use is described which permits real time monitoring of build-up of particulate contamination in a wafer processing chamber. The apparatus is capable of monitoring particle build up in regions of a processing chamber which are not accessible by traditional optical particle scanners. An accelerometer is fastened to a body in the chamber upon which particulates deposit. The body is subjected to vibrations and produces a vibration signal which is detected by the accelerometer. The signal is processed to form a frequency spectrum of vibration amplitudes. Frequencies in a selected band are directly proportional to the particulate build up on the body. The invention is applied to a wafer annealing tool with a rotatable platform wherein particles deposit on a support body under the wafer. The method and apparatus have been shown to be reliable and accurate as well as cost effective and easily implemented.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aircraft engine vibration system that provides information about engine health. Embodiments of the present invention monitor for excessive vibration, monitor for bird strike, monitor for ice build up on the fan section, and monitor general engine health. An embodiment of the present invention utilizes neural network architecture for the detection of excessive vibration and ice detection build-up on the fan section of a turbo-fan engine and to monitor engine health through the high-pressure turbine section of the engine.

Abstract: A method of representing a sound field includes the steps of acquiring measurement signals (cn) which are delivered by simple sensors (2n) that are exposed to sound field (P) determining encoding filters which are representative of at least the structural characteristics of the sensors and processing the measurement signals (cn) by applying the encoding filters to the signals (cn), in order to determine a finite number of representative coefficients over time and in the three-dimensional space of the sound field (P).

Abstract: Devices having setting elements are adjusted by carrying out a first measurement of a characteristic curve to be controlled at predefined measurement points, each setting element assuming a reference setting; testing a termination condition and terminating the method if this condition is satisfied; and, if the termination condition is not satisfied, modifying the reference setting of each setting element and measuring the characteristic curve again at predefined measurement points for this configuration; reproducing the initial reference setting of the modified setting element; when there is more than one setting element, calculating the gradient functions of the characteristic curve; calculating new settings by minimizing an error function by using the obtained measured values and the calculated gradient functions; and carrying out the method again, beginning with the new calculated settings serving as the new reference setting.

Abstract: A signal processing method is disclosed, where, after inputting a measurement data weighted-spline filter formula is selected to calculate an initial value of a spline filter, weight is adjusted, spline filter output is calculated, convergence is judged thereafter. When the weight is not judged converged, the weight is updated and the weight adjusting and spline filter output calculation are repeated, to conduct a robust spline filtering on the measurement data.

Abstract: An engine diagnostic system is provided that enables a service technician to evaluate engine cylinder contribution to output power. The service technician couples one or more signal leads to the vehicle's battery, alternator, or accessory receptacle (e.g., cigarette lighter receptacle) to provide an alternator output signal to a signal analyzer. The signal analyzer processes the alternator output signal to generate an engine signature, which represents engine cylinder contribution to engine output power.

Abstract: A measurement data displaying device includes a measurement data recording unit and charge displaying unit. The measurement data recording unit records a measurement subject channel, a spreading code length corresponding to the measurement subject channel and measurement data which is a code domain power or noise component power of the measurement subject channel. The chart displaying unit displays a chart having a constant width, and represents the measurement data in a display area whose position is determined by the measurement subject channel and the spreading code length, and which has a width corresponding to the spreading code length.

Abstract: The apparatus reduces the amount of correction for noise value error, so as to reduce work needed for correction to ensure error avoidance, and to improve the freedom of layout design, and to reduce load on DA. Based on a timing chart of signal transfer on each wire, the last edge appearance timing in the signal waveform of a victim whose noise value exceeds a limit value is compared with the last edge appearance timing in the signal waveform of an aggressor, to evaluate the noise value error in the victim. The apparatus is used in static noise checking of cell arrangement and inter-cell wiring after such cell arrangement and inter-cell wiring are performed at design of integrated circuits such as LSIs.

Abstract: A digital watermark detection method uses a matched filtering technique on a log polar re-mapping of a watermarked signal to detect peaks associated with a repetitive structure of a watermark.

Abstract: In LSI design, gate level logic circuit information, standard cell library information, and package information of a circuit block constituting an LSI chip are inputted, noise analysis is performed for the LSI chip using the inputted information, and the processing is ended when the amount of noise is within a predetermined range, while a logic gate in the circuit block is selected when the amount of noise is out of the predetermined range and a bypass condenser is added to the selected logic gate. Therefore, a bypass condenser having a required capacitance can be added in the vicinity of a noise source in the circuit block, whereby the noise can be reliably restricted to the predetermined range.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating a curve that represents raw data are provided. In one embodiment, the system includes memory for storing a curve generation application program, a user interface, a display device, and a processor. The processor executes the stored curve generation application program and is coupled to the memory, the user interface, and the display device. The executed curve generation application program includes a first component that receives raw data and a second component that allows for the manual or default setting of a base value for defining weight values for each data point of inputted raw data. A third component generates a curve for representing the raw data based on at least a portion of the data points and the set base value. A fourth component outputs the generated curve to the display device.

Abstract: This method removes high frequency noise from shape data, significantly improves metrology system (10) performance and provides very compact representation of the shape. This model-based method for wafer shape reconstruction from data measured by a dimensional metrology system (10) is best accomplished using the set of Zernike polynomials (matrix L). The method is based on decomposition of the wafer shape over the complete set of the spatial function. A weighted least squares fit is used to provide the best linear estimates of the decomposition coefficients (Bnk). The method is operable with data that is not taken at regular data points and generates a reduced data field of Zernike coefficients compared to the large size of the original data field.

Abstract: A control system includes a measurement device capable of gathering high frequency process parameter data, a modeling routine which uses the high frequency parameter data to develop a model of the high frequency noise and a compensation routine that employs the developed model to adjust a control signal to thereby compensate for the high frequency noise present within the process parameter. The measurement device may measure a process variable at a relatively high frequency and send a subset of the measured data (e.g., the low frequency data) to a standard controller that generates a control signal to control the measured process parameter in any known manner. The modeling routine analyzes the high frequency data and develops a mathematical model of the high frequency noise within the process variable.

Abstract: A thorough error suppression signal measurement system (20) having a transmitter (300) for propagating a transmission signal to a first probe 100, through a device under test (26), and into a second probe (200), and for propagating reference signals to the probes (100,200). The probes (100,200) extract normalization signals from the reference signals, exchange specific ones of the normalization signals, and combine the normalization signals with data signals derived from the transmission signal to form receiver signals. The probes (100,200) propagate the receiver signals to a receiver (400), where the signals are gain-ranged, digitized, normalized, and compensated for phase-noise.

Abstract: A technique for eliminating edge artifacts in magnetic microscopy includes the steps of scanning a SQUID over an object under study to acquire values of magnetic fields produced by currents running in the object to create a first data set having N data points. At the end of the first data set, N zero data points are added to create a second data set having 2N data points. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is further applied to the 2N data set to obtain k-space having b(k) values. The b(k) values of the k-space are averaged, and the averaged b(k) values corresponding to k exceeding a predetermined k value are filtered off. A set of current density representations i(k) in the k-space are obtained to which inverse FFT is applied to obtain a map of current densities I(x,y) of the object. A system for performing the method of the present invention includes a software designed to suppress (or eliminate) edge artifacts present in the obtained images.

Abstract: A test system and method having a test channel and an additional channel, and wherein the ratio of amplitude and phase between the interference current through the device under test and the interference signal on the additional channel are determined. The system further applies a voltage at or near line frequency to the device under test, and then continuously subtracts the additional interference signal from the current signal through the device under test. In doing so, the system and method allows accurate measurements of the real and reactive power of an impedance at or very close to the line frequency.

Abstract: A method for determining the frequency of current ripples contained in the armature current signal of a commutated direct current (DC) motor includes determining frequency spectral results of the current signal and of a motor electric operating parameter. The frequency spectral results are subtracted from one another to determine the frequency spectral result of the current ripples contained in the current signal. The current ripple frequency is determined from the frequency spectral result of the current ripples contained in the current signal. The operating parameter may be the armature voltage signal, or the armature current signal at a different motor operating state than the motor operating state of the current signal used in the step of determining the current signal frequency spectral result. The rotational speed of a motor shaft is determined based on the current ripple frequency. The shaft rotational position is determined based on the rotational shaft speed.

Abstract: A device for spatial positioning systems includes a programmable measurement filter that is dynamically tuned by the device signal processing unit. The signal processing unit analyzes available data including the measurement signal to determine the likelihood that a detected measurement comprises true device movement and adjusts the measurement filter bandwidth accordingly.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for receiving and processing noisy communications signals automatically varies multiple processing parameters to both improve signal-to-noise ratio and to minimize delays in responding to changes in the incoming signal. The signal-to-noise ratio is improved with relatively stable signals by increasing the number of samples used in forming a processed signal value. In response to changes in signal input, the number of samples used in processing is substantially decreased while the sampling rate is substantially increased until the incoming signal exhibits an increased degree of stability. As the incoming signal becomes more stable, the number of samples used in performing a processed signal value is increased toward maximum and the sample rate is decreased.

Abstract: A method to minimize noise is used to analyze data generated from a measurement system such as a flow cytometer. One embodiment of a computer-implemented method includes determining sums of different subsets of sample values. The method also includes determining the subset of the sample values having the largest sum. In addition, the method includes designating the subset of the sample values having the largest sum as a peak sum of the sample values. Such a peak sum minimizes the impact of noise leading to better determinations of particle identity, reaction identity, and the like.

Abstract: A signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) estimator for estimating a SIR of baseband signals which are received and processed by a data demodulator to provide demodulated signals to the SIR estimator. The SIR estimator receives the demodulated symbols from the data demodulator and estimates the average signal power of the demodulated symbols as a function of a median based average power value md and a mean based average power value me of the demodulated symbols for each quadrant of a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) constellation. The function is used to determine a minimum value m between md and me. The SIR estimator estimates the average effective interference power of the demodulated symbols and calculates the SIR by dividing the estimated average signal power of the demodulated symbols by the estimated average effective interference power of the demodulated symbols. The SIR estimator reduces bias effects on SIR estimation.

Abstract: Frequency rectification system using a Van der Pol oscillator for processing an asset signal by obtaining a complex signal from an asset comprised of a noise signal and a signal of interest having a corresponding frequency of interest wherein the complex signal includes a first spectrum having all of its largest spectral peaks corresponding to the noise signal such that the signal of interest is hidden under the noise signal. The system processes the complex signal with the Van der Pol oscillator with selected parameters for rectifying the complex signal into a rectified signal such that the noise signal is abated and the rectified signal is comprised of a second spectrum having a largest spectral peak corresponding to the signal of interest with all other spectral peaks smaller. The system extracts the frequency of interest from the rectified signal with an extraction module for use in providing asset information.

Abstract: A system and method reduces noise in a time series signal. A primary signal including stationary and non-stationary noise is modeled by a dynamic system having a continuum of states. A secondary signal including time series data is added to the primary signal to form a combined signal. The generic noise in the combined signal is estimated from samples of the combined signal using the dynamic system modeling the generic noise. Then, the estimated generic noise is removed from the combined signal to recover time series data.

Abstract: A signal processing method and a signal processing device are provided in which a signal obtained from an object as an input signal, a time lag signal is generated from the input signal, a difference between the input signal and the time lag signal, and the generation of the difference is detected, so that a portion of the object at a position where the difference is generated is featured.

Abstract: A plurality of sensors observe an object, and the raw sensor data is processed to produce evidence signals representative of characteristics which may be used to classify the object as to type. The evidence from the plurality of sensors is fused to generate fused or combined evidence. Thus, the fused evidence is equivalent to signals produced by a virtual sensor. The fused evidence is applied to a taxonomic classifier to determine the object type.

Abstract: Automatically rejecting outlier measurements in an analytical method employing multiple photometric values by determining the photometric value that is involved in the pair of photometric values having the greatest variance between individual mean rates and the mean rate of all of the multiple photometric values.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices are described for detecting noise in a touchpad or other sensor that produces an output in response to a stimulus that is applied at or near a sensing region. According to various embodiments, a carrier signal is applied to the sensing region at two or more frequencies to thereby produce an output from the sensing region at each frequency. Each of the outputs is demodulated and filtered by a demodulation filter having a demodulation filter bandwidth. The various frequencies applied to the carrier signal are selected such that a difference between the frequencies is less than the demodulation filter bandwidth. At least some of the effects of the stimulus are removed from the outputs produced by the various carrier frequencies to produce two or more filtered outputs. The filtered outputs are then added, combined or otherwise processed to detect noise contained therein.

Abstract: A method generating wander noise includes predefining frequency, amplitude and phase values for each of a plurality of tones for various predefined frequency profiles. A digital noise signal having a particular profile can then be generated by a summation of a plurality of tones based on the predefined frequency, amplitude and phase values for each of the plurality of tones for the selected profile. The wander noise signal is then generated from the digital noise signal.

Abstract: Methods and devices for reducing noise effects in a system for measuring a physiological parameter, including receiving an input signal; obtaining an assessment of the signal quality of the input signal; selecting coefficients for a digital filter using the assessment of signal quality; and filtering the input signal using the digital filter, without comparing the filter's output signal with the input signal.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described for an improved reflectometer and/or a modem or other device which may include an improved reflectometer. An apparatus may include a pulse transmitter to transmit a pulse to a line to be tested, a receiver adapted to receive a reflection of the transmitted pulse, and a zero-echo canceling system coupled to the transmitter and receiver. The zero-echo canceling system may be adapted to at least partially cancel a received zero-echo by generating a zero-echo canceling signal based on the transmitted pulse and to calculate an error signal as a difference between the zero-echo and the zero-echo canceling signal.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides a system that characterizes cells within an integrated circuit. During operation, the system obtains a number of input noise signals to be applied to the cell. The system then simulates responses of the cell to each of the input noise signals, and stores a representation of the responses. This allows a subsequent analysis operation to access the stored representation to determine a response of the cell instead of having to perform a time-consuming simulation operation.

Abstract: Adaptive noise reduction techniques used in devices that pass light from a laser through a quantum medium such as a rubidium vapor cell. A CPT frequency standard that employs the techniques has a first channel in which the laser light passes through the quantum medium and to a photodetector to produce a first signal and a second channel in which the light passes to a second photodetector without passing through the quantum medium to produce a second signal. The first and second signals are processed in a signal processor to produce an enhanced output signal in which the noise has been reduced. The signal processor implements noise predictor and noise remover. In a preferred embodiment, the noise predictor employs a FIR filter in which the coefficients are set in response to feedback from the enhanced output signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and method are disclosed that exploit the unique higher order statistics of temporally dependent waveforms to detect and enumerate signals in a multi-signal and noise environment. The embodiments use spatial 4th-order cumulants or spatial 2nd-order moments in a Blind Source Separation operation and generalized eigenvalue decomposition to determine unique matrix pencil eigenvalues for a set of unknown signals. Sequential detection in the complex plane of the eigenvalues in associated tracks for successive blocks of sensor data serve as the basis of the detection decision. The embodiments may include a multi-element array and do not require a priori knowledge of the signal environment to detect and enumerate the signals.

Abstract: A diagnosis method and apparatus for measuring blood hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, respiration rate, or degree of aging of blood vessels using light includes an input/output unit for receiving a command for measurement from a user and for providing information on the result of a measurement to the user; a control unit for receiving the command for measurement from the input/output unit and for generating a control signal; a light generating unit for generating at least two light beams for measurement according to the control signal; a light receiving unit for receiving the light beams transmitted through an object that is subject to measurement and for converting the received light beams into electrical signals; and a data processing unit for processing the electrical signals received from the light receiving unit and for outputting information on the result of a predetermined measurement.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing the broadband noise content of a digital image comprising the following: a means of automatically identifying regions of originally constant color in the image by analysis of the variance of pixel values of regions of the image; a means of automatically detecting and discarding regions deemed to be unrepresentative of the true noise content of an image, including under- and over-exposed regions; a means of allowing the user to manually select some or all required constant color regions if desired; and, a means of analyzing such constant color regions to generate a parametric or non-parametric model of the noise in the image, including frequency characteristic within and between channels and other characteristics such as phase which might describe structured noise.

Abstract: Low-frequency duct noise is relatively difficult to deal with by passive methods such as porous duct lining. Reactive methods like expansion chamber are rather bulky, while compact resonators are to narrow-banded. This invention shows that a suitably stetched thin membrane backed by a slender cavity can achieve a satisfactory performance from low to medium frequencies over an octave band.

Abstract: A system and method of identifying and removing artifact from radio frequency noise from biopotentials identifies epochs contaminated with radio frequency noise. Contaminated epochs are then replaced with recent uncontaminated epochs stored in a buffer, depending on the current level of artifact and the availability of suitable data. Discontinuities arising at the beginning of the replaced epochs are smoothed by means of a windowing function.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of baseband signals which are received and processed by a data demodulator to provide demodulated signals to a SIR estimator. The SIR estimator receives the demodulated symbols from the data demodulator and estimates the average signal power of the demodulated symbols as a function of a median based average power value md and a mean based average power value me of the demodulated symbols for each quadrant of a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) constellation. The function is used to determine a minimum value m between md and me. The SIR estimator estimates the average effective interference power of the demodulated symbols and calculates the SIR by dividing the estimated average signal power of the demodulated symbols by the estimated average effective interference power of the demodulated symbols. The SIR estimator reduces bias effects on SIR estimation.