Abstract: A design method of freeform imaging lens with a wide linear field-of-view (FOV) is provided. A initial freeform imaging lens is developed, and the initial freeform imaging lens includes a first lens surface and an entrance pupil spaced from each other, wherein the FOV of the system 2? (±?) is divided into 2k+1 sampling fields with equal interval ?? between each two adjacent sampling fields. Each two adjacent sampling fields are taken as one group. Two constraints are employed to calculate the plurality of data points of the first lens surface to obtain a front surface of the freeform imaging lens. The data points are calculated based on Snell's law, and a curve is obtained through the data points. A back surface is added to approximately keep the previous outgoing direction of rays from the front surface.

Abstract: A computerized simulation method for evaluating dispersion of fillers in a high polymer material includes a step of defining a filler model comprising at least one particle, a step of defining a polymer model comprising a plurality of particles each having a first potential with respect to the particle of the filler model, a step of performing a molecular dynamics calculation of the filler model and the polymer model placed in a predetermined virtual space on the computer, and a step of observing the dispersion of the filler model from data obtained in the molecular dynamics calculation. The polymer model further includes at least one modified basal particle having a second potential with respect to the particle of the filler model, and the second potential differs from the first potential.

Abstract: A simulation system that includes interconnected simulation blocks which use process models to perform simulation activities for a process plant is integrated into a process control environment for the process plant in a manner that makes the simulation system easy to use and easily updated for on-line process simulation. The disclosed simulation system enables future predicted values as well as the current predicted values of process parameters produced by the simulation system to be made available for performance evaluation as well as to guide plant operations. Additionally, the simulation system is connected to the operating process plant to receive various on-line process plant measurements, and uses these measurements to automatically update the process models used in the simulation system, to thereby keep the simulation system coordinated with the actual operating conditions of the process plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of IT Sourcing Management and more specifically to the IT sourcing management and governance (SMG) covering multi geography, multi sourcing and multi vendor environments at an enterprise level. The enterprise governance solution with core sourcing management functional components includes a contract compliance management module, a IT spend visibility management and reporting module, a value driver management and reporting module, a contract compliance audit management module, a contract evaluation analysis module, a performance management module, with underlying governance processes such as organization change management, stake holder relationship management, governance, compliance and risk management, performance management, service delivery management, service quality management, communication management and reporting.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a hazard of a software control system which is operated by a computer and based on STPA (System Theoretic Process Analysis) is provided. The method includes determining an attribute and function demands of the system, analyzing tasks of the system based on the determined attribute and the function demands, generating specification of a relation between the tasks using CTT (Concur Task Tree) method, the CTT method representing a hierarchical relation of a control flow between the tasks, determining at least one of the hazard of the system based on the specification and generating a safety constraint of the system based on the determined hazard. The determining at least one of the hazard of the system uses a guide word mapping table of CTT based STPA.

Abstract: A computerized method for cross-domain collaborative revision management of a common product. The method comprises: Monitoring a plurality of local revisions for each of a plurality of projects associated with the common product, each of the plurality of projects managed in one of a plurality of domain-specific configuration management tools; creating a collaborative baseline within a collaborative relationship hub synchronizing between a group of the plurality of local revisions selected from each of the plurality of projects; and assembling instructions of generating the common product according to the collaborative baseline.

Abstract: A method for calculating an interaction potential between filler particles in a polymeric material by using a computer is disclosed. The method comprises: arranging filler models and polymer models in a virtual space; calculating a free energy in the virtual space based on a mean field theory; obtaining parameters of the Lennard-Jones potential by approximating the free energy to the Lennard-Jones potential.

Abstract: A workflow processing system may receive a representation of one or more objects corresponding to the current state of a workflow. A rule may be mapped to one or more activities of the workflow. The rule may comprise an any-of clause, an all-of clause, and a none-of clause. Each clause may contain zero or more conditions that are evaluated with respect to the current state of the workflow. When each of the any-of, all-of, and none-of clauses evaluates to true, the rule may be satisfied and the activities to which the rule is mapped are performed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for planning the positioning of an implant relative to a body part, comprising the steps of: —identifying at least one reference feature of the body part and determining, in a first posture of the patient, a biunique positional and/or orientational relationship between the at least one reference feature and at least one adjustment parameter defined for the first posture, for positioning the implant; —identifying the at least one reference feature of the body part in a second posture of the patient; —deriving at least one corresponding adjustment parameter defined for the second posture from the position and/or orientation of the at least one reference feature in the second posture and the positional and/or orientational relationship between the at least one reference feature in the first posture and the at least one adjustment parameter defined for the first posture.

Abstract: A new area to search in a ground feature database is determined based on a last detected position. Information from a downward facing sensor coupled to an aircraft is obtained. The information from the downward facing sensor is compared with information associated with the new area in order to find a new position.

Abstract: Smart process objects, which have both graphical and simulation elements, may be used to create one or more graphic displays and one or more process simulation modules, each having elements which may communicate with one another and with devices within a process plant to model and depict the operation of a process plant. The smart process objects may include one or more device objects, which represent physical devices within the process plant, and may include one or more smart connection objects which represent and model the flow of a material, such as a gas, a liquid, a composition of solid, electricity, etc., through a connection between entities within the process plant. The smart process objects may also include one or more smart stream objects, which also may represent and model the flow of a material at a particular point in the process plant.

Abstract: A method for predicting a position of a mobile user, and equipment are provided. The method includes determining an occurrence probability of a current behavioral activity of the mobile user; determining an occurrence probability of a target behavioral activity of the mobile user according to the occurrence probability of the current behavioral activity of the mobile user, a historical activity migration rule of the mobile user, and a public activity migration rule; determining the target behavioral activity of the mobile user according to the occurrence probability of the target behavioral activity of the mobile user; and predicting a target geographical position of the mobile user according to the determined target behavioral activity of the mobile user. The method improves usability of the target geographical position of the mobile user.

Abstract: A method to provide multiple probability distributions for an input simulation variable or an input simulation event based on at least one pre-defined, mutually exclusive condition being used, wherein the input variable or the input simulation event are associated with a design of a probabilistic setup is provided. The method may include receiving at least one pre-defined condition and determining if at least one pre-defined condition is a mutually exclusive condition entered by a user. The method may include determining if a plurality of distributions associated with at least one pre-defined condition is to be assigned from a plurality of existing data. The method may include selecting at least one required variable based on the determining and assigning the plurality of distributions. The method may include populating a plurality of required fields and prompting the user to edit or enter at least one required distribution name.

Abstract: An upgrade of a first version of a database application to a second version of a database application that both have a same data schema is initiated. The first database application has a first access schema such that at least one table in the data schema is linked to the first access schema. The second version of the database application has a second access schema such that at least one database table in the data schema is linked to the second access schema. The first access schema differs from the second access schema. Concurrent access is provided for each access schema to at least one sequence in the data schema to both the first version of the database application and the second version of the database application. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed systems and methods estimate a financial cost to remedy estimated damage to a building. A controllable inspection vehicle, such as an aircraft, may capture one or more images of the building. The one or more images may be utilized to generate a model of the building, which can be analyzed to estimate the damage to the building.

Abstract: An upgrade of a first version of a database application to a second version of a database application that both have a same data schema is initiated. The first database application has a first access schema such that at least one table in the data schema is linked to the first access schema. The second version of the database application has a second access schema such that at least one database table in the data schema is linked to the second access schema. The first access schema differs from the second access schema. During the upgrade, each access schema is provided access to a first sequence in the data schema for both of the first version of the database application and the second version of the database application. Subsequent to the upgrade, the second version of the database application is provided access to a second sequence in the data schema.

Abstract: A software development tool uses a workflow pattern that describes software applications. The tool may provide a solution that can automatically generate a well-architected application without compromising its quality or integrity. The tool may have a Data Notation Architecture (DNA) layer and a Resolution Notation Architecture (RNA) layer Genetic Framework that use a workflow pattern that describes software applications. Models may be identified and linked together using a Polymorphic Relational Path Language (PRPL), which is a scripting language that is designed and optimized to resolve various hierarchy and set theory problems that naturally appear in programming. When targeting the Service Area Architecture Pattern (SAAP), this Genetic Framework may greatly reduce the overall cost of virtually every part of the software development lifecycle.

Abstract: Techniques for user interface customization of an application are described. A navigational structure file is received including a description of a hierarchical structure describing a navigational flow of the application. The hierarchical structure may include objects corresponding to different navigation points of the application whereby interaction with a user interface element causes transition or navigation from a first navigation point of the application to a second navigation point of the application as described in the hierarchical structure. It is determined whether any one of a defined set of one or more trigger conditions occurs. Responsive to determining an occurrence of a trigger condition in the defined set, first processing is performed in accordance with the trigger condition that has occurred to produce a customized user interface displayed to a user and to produce a customized navigational flow of the application.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to an immediate join spilling scheme for a database. An aspect includes receiving a command to perform a join of an inner table and an outer table in a database. Another aspect includes spilling a plurality of hash tables to a disk memory, each hash table corresponding to a respective inner table partition. Another aspect includes registering, by a first agent of a plurality of agents, a set of inner table partitions that require processing by the first agent to complete the join for a first stride of rows of the outer table. Another aspect includes, based on determining that a hash table corresponding to a registered inner table partition of the first agent has been loaded into the local memory by the second agent of the plurality of agents, performing the join of the loaded hash table and the first stride of rows of the outer table by the first agent.

Abstract: A method for determining a dose of radiation input into an object irradiated with an energetic particle beam includes determining, during the application of the radiation, a dose input into at least one volume region of the object. The at least one volume region of the object lies outside a target volume region. The dose input into the at least one volume region is determined with a calculation that is based at least in part on a physical model of the energetic particle beam.

Abstract: An in-ground geothermal heat pump (GHP) closed loop design program is disclosed for designing, analyzing, and simulating a detailed model and analysis of a building's in-ground geothermal heat pump system, including borehole length, number of boreholes, heat pump capacity, grid layout, total electric operating costs, efficiency ratios, and hybrid designs, among others. In one aspect of the disclosure described herein, the GHP design program can reliably and efficiently predict the fluctuations of the GHP equipment performance in very small increments which enable the determination of energy consumption and demand information on a specific and unique hourly schedule basis for the building design, including incorporating thermal load data for each individual zone of the building.

Abstract: One or more devices in a data analysis computing system may be configured to receive and analyze movement data and driving data, and determine driving trips and associated drivers based on the received data. Movement data may be collected by one or more mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablet computers, and on-board vehicle systems. Drivers associated with driving trips may be identified based on the movement data collected by the mobile devices, such as speed data, acceleration data, or distance data.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems disclosed herein may use example based procedural animation techniques to create smooth, lifelike animations. Systems herein can identify a character pose at the end of each game update frame. Reference features can be extracted from the game update frame and may be used to identify a specific motion capture frame to use in generating an animation. The selected motion capture frame can be used as an initial target frame for a subsequent frame. Further, the target frame may be modified in response to a collision event. Based on the extracted reference feature information and the applied external forces due to the collision event, a new motion capture frame may be selected thereby, creating a new animation that appears more realistic compared to previous systems.

Abstract: Among other things, customer account data is received from a service provider. The customer account data is representative of relationships that exist at successive times between digital assets provided by the service provider and respective entities to whom the digital assets are provided by the service provider. The received data is used to update a database to represent mappings of digital assets to respective entities to whom the digital assets are provided at one of the successive times, changes in the mappings between successive times, or both.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes issuing, to a DRAM with EIP, a first group of two or more load requests to load data from a hash table constructed from hashed join-key values of a dimension table for a hash-join procedure. A second group of two or more load requests is issued. First response data is received, responsive to the first group of load requests. The first response data is processed while awaiting second response data responsive to the second group. Processing the first response data includes identifying matches between the join-key values corresponding to entries in the load requests of the first group and one or more hash buckets in the first response data. The size of the second group of load requests is selected such that a time for processing the first response data is approximately equal to the latency in receiving the second response data.

Abstract: The invention is useful in the field of IoT—the Internet of Things—, networked sensors, and most particularly sensors in a constrained network; data collection from such sensors and the management of such a constrained network. The invention provides a device to simulate a plurality of sensors in a constrained network, where such simulation enables data collection and network management, including associated hardware such as gateway devices. In an alternate embodiment, the invention provides for data input from actual sensors.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes issuing, to a DRAM with EIP, a first group of two or more load requests to load data from a hash table constructed from hashed join-key values of a dimension table for a hash-join procedure. A second group of two or more load requests is issued. First response data is received, responsive to the first group of load requests. The first response data is processed while awaiting second response data responsive to the second group. Processing the first response data includes identifying matches between the join-key values corresponding to entries in the load requests of the first group and one or more hash buckets in the first response data. The size of the second group of load requests is selected such that a time for processing the first response data is approximately equal to the latency in receiving the second response data.

Abstract: Methods for synthesis of simulation models using functional operators. A method includes parsing a functional model, receiving a functional operator for a function within a simulation component of the functional model, receiving a structural template of the functional operator from a functional operator structural template library, mapping a plurality of functions according to the structural template of the functional operator to update the simulation component, and generating a simulation model with the updated simulation component.

Abstract: Method of supplying an optical lens adapted to a wearer, includes: a) receiving, directly or indirectly via a manufacturing side, from a first networked computer entity located at a lens ordering side, a first set of data including at least wearer's prescription data, b) sending a second set of data including at least an optical lens design information and the wearer's prescription data to a second networked computer entity located at a lens designing side, and receiving from the second networked computer entity a third set of data including at least optical lens data calculated from the second set, and c) sending at least to a third networked computer entity, at a lens manufacturing side, a fourth set of data including at least part of the optical lens data, the at least optical lens data of the fourth set of data being at least partially modified by a masking function.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for setting a heartbeat timer, a terminal and a server. The method includes: a terminal installed with an application receives a timer setting request carrying first setting information of a to-be-set timer transmitted by the application; the terminal transmits a timer query request to a server according to the first setting information; the timer query request carries a query identifier generated according to the first setting information; the terminal receives a timer query response returned by the server, where the timer query response carries a query result indicating whether a heartbeat timer list includes a heartbeat timer information entry matched with the query identifier; the terminal determines whether to set the to-be-set timer for the application according to the query result, and performs a corresponding setting operation. The solution can effectively manage and set a heartbeat timer within a mobile phone terminal.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to methods and systems for supporting a global effect analysis of a technical system. The embodiments include providing a meta-model stored in a computer readable storage medium, where the meta-model comprises at least one assembly of the technical system comprising parts having an associated set of failure mode elements, and where each failure mode element has an associated local effect element. The embodiments also include clustering local effect elements within global effect elements to generate a global effect tree stored within the meta-model.

Abstract: A media content delivery system includes a network server in communications with a plurality of mobile communication devices. The network server maintains a map of geo-fence instances and corresponding geographic locations of each, and it maintains a store of media content that relates to each geographic location. Each of the communication devices has functionality that operates to determine its current geographic location and to send the current geographic location to the network server. The network server runs a logical process that determines if a current location of the mobile device corresponds to a geo-fence location, and if so, operates to determine whether the user is waiting in a queue defined by the geo-fence. If both of these conditions are satisfied, the server selects and delivers media content to the mobile device that relates in some manner to a venue associated with the identified geo-fence instance.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for editing data object variants of at least one software tool is described and presented, whereby the data object variants have at least one common software/hardware attribute and in each case a configuration of the attribute. It is possible to react to changing configurations of hardware attributes of different data object variants and thereby to changing matching groups during the editing of a data object variant in that for at least one attribute matching configurations of the attribute in different data object variants are captured and that for the attribute information on matching groups of data object variants is stored with the matching configurations of the attribute.

Abstract: Methods and arrangements to collect data related to the state or conditions of a system are described herein. Embodiments may comprise a data identifier to identify data to collect in response to an event and a data collector to collect the identified data. The data collector may comprise firmware, code in ROM, a state machine, and/or other logic, and the data identifier may also comprise firmware, code in ROM, a state machine, and/or other logic that may access information and/or code in a file or other data storage to identify the data to collect. The data storage may comprise information and/or code to identify the location of data to collect and, in some embodiments, the sequence with which to collect the data. For example, such a file may comprise an address or address range within memory of a specific component of the system such as a memory controller.

Abstract: There is provided a system and method for integrating a virtual rendering system and a video capture system using flexible camera control to provide an augmented reality. There is provided a method comprising receiving input data from a plurality of clients for modifying a virtual environment presented using the virtual rendering system, obtaining, from the virtual rendering system, a virtual camera configuration of a virtual camera in the virtual environment, programming the video capture system using the virtual camera configuration to correspondingly control a robotic camera in a real environment, capturing a video capture feed using the robotic camera, obtaining a virtually rendered feed using the virtual camera showing the modifying of the virtual environment, rendering the composite render by processing the feeds, and outputting the composite render to the display.

Abstract: The subject disclosure is generally directed towards a relatively fast and accurate technology that corrects mobile device (e.g., mobile robot) mapping data into corrected map data based upon detection of loop closure. A variation of stochastic gradient descent (with constraints in a deterministic order) may be used in a first correction phase to provide an updated graph in a relatively fast manner by operating in a relative state space. A graph-based variant of Gauss-Seidel that operates in a global state space may be used in a later phase to refine the updated graph into a more exact graph.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for managing excessive distribution of memory. Based on a page sharing technology, the software types of virtual machines running in respective servers in a cluster are collected, and the virtual machines with similar running software types are migrated from a server to a specified server, so that the page sharing effect of the virtual machines and the excessive distribution effect of memory are better, the bearing capability of the servers in the system is ensured not to be wasted, the utilization rates of memory and resources of the whole system are combined optimally, and the memory of the whole cluster system is distributed better; moreover, a fewer number of servers run, the energy and the running cost are saved, less pressure is caused to the environment, the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced, therefore, the disclosure has a great social effect and economic effect.

Abstract: Pending execution of a sensor function for use in operation of an application executing on a computing device may be determined. At least a first sensor and a second sensor associated with the computing device may be identified, the first sensor and the second sensor both providing at least a portion of the sensor function. A current context associated with the pending execution of the sensor function may be determined, the current context being defined in terms of context parameters. Selection criteria defined in terms of the context parameters may be accessed, and the first sensor may be selected to execute the sensor function for the application, based on the selection criteria and the current context.

Abstract: An approach for crowd congestion detection, the approach determines one or more selected locations. The approach determines a frequency spectrum history of one or more users within the one or more selected locations. The approach determines a location of the one or more users within the one or more selected locations. The approach determines a frequency spectrum of the one or more users within the one or more selected locations. The approach determines a crowding measure for the one or more selected locations based, at least in part, on the frequency spectrum history and the frequency spectrum of the one or more users within the one or more selected locations. The approach ranks the one or more selected locations based, at least in part, on the crowding measure.

Abstract: An approach for crowd congestion detection, the approach determines one or more selected locations. The approach determines a frequency spectrum history of one or more users within the one or more selected locations. The approach determines a location of the one or more users within the one or more selected locations. The approach determines a frequency spectrum of the one or more users within the one or more selected locations. The approach determines a crowding measure for the one or more selected locations based, at least in part, on the frequency spectrum history and the frequency spectrum of the one or more users within the one or more selected locations. The approach ranks the one or more selected locations based, at least in part, on the crowding measure.

Abstract: Disclosed systems and methods estimate a financial cost to remedy estimated damage to a building. A controllable inspection vehicle, such as an aircraft, may capture one or more images of the building. The one or more images may be utilized to generate a model of the building, which can be analyzed to estimate the damage to the building.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and system for optimizing operations of the exterior lights for a site of a plurality of distributed sites. The operations of the exterior lights are optimized by the lighting control system, which receive data associated with lights from at least one site of the plurality of distributed sites, wherein the data is one of exterior light data or combination of exterior and interior light data. Further, the data received from at least one site is processed in a pre-defined format to identify the current logic and the optimum logic of operation of the exterior lights. The method further identifies one or more deviations and the causes of the deviations in the operation of exterior lights to optimize the operation of the exterior lights.

Abstract: In connection with processing asynchronous streams of aircraft telemetry data, data processing logic is developed to run on multiple aircraft, even if different avionics equipment are installed on the aircraft. An electronic inventory system tracks all data available on affected aircraft. A set of “global” data elements applicable to all aircraft in a fleet is defined and is tracked in the electronic inventory system, with relationship to the underlying native data elements and specific aircraft. The global units are derived as appropriate, for each specific aircraft avionics environment. An interface enables definition of data processing logic that is integrated with the electronic inventory system and ensures the general validity of the defined logic. The data processing logic is deployed to one or more aircraft in a function integrated with the electronic inventory system, to ensure the validity of the data processing logic for each aircraft specified as a deployment target.

Abstract: A method for detecting degradation of a turbine engine by monitoring performance of the turbine engine, the turbine engine including plural functional modules, the method including: measuring plural physical parameters of the turbine engine to form a current performance index for the turbine engine; calculating plural degraded performance indices for the turbine engine, assuming that, for each degraded performance index, only one functional module of the turbine engine has degraded; calculating plural cost indices corresponding to the difference between the current performance index and a degraded performance index; determining an optimum cost index corresponding to the one with a lowest value for all the degraded performance indices; and detecting degradation of the module of the turbine engine, the degraded performance index of which is associated with optimum cost index.

Abstract: A configuration model dividing and configuration sub-model inference processing system and procedure addresses the issue of configuration model and query complexity by breaking a configuration problem down into a set of smaller problems, solving them individually and recombining the results into a single result that is equivalent to a conventional inference procedure. In one embodiment, a configuration model is divided into configuration sub-models that can respectively be processed using existing data processing resources. A sub-model inference procedure provides a way to scale queries to larger and more complicated configuration models. Thus, the configuration model dividing and configuration sub-model processing system and inference procedure allows processing by a data processing system of configuration models and queries whose collective complexity exceeds the complexity of otherwise unprocessable conventional, consolidated configuration models and queries.

Abstract: Disclosed an acoustically transparent material including an acoustic wave steering material, and methods for fabrication and use thereof. The materials are specially designed structures of homogenous isotropic metals. These structures are constructed to propagate waves according to Pentamode elastic theory. The metamaterial structures are two-dimensional, intended to propagate acoustic waves in the plane in a manner which closely emulates the propagation of waves in water. The acoustically transparent materials described herein have particular utility as acoustic wave steering materials and acoustic cloaks.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with a tax analysis tool are described. In one embodiment, a method includes providing a tax analysis data model, preloaded key performance indicator queries, and a query interface. The example method may also include extracting tax related data from a tax analysis data base and transforming and loading the tax related data into a tax data warehouse that facilitates real time processing of KPI queries.

Abstract: A method of predicting the level of radio field and/or the duration of radio propagation of a mobile telephone network for the coverage of a cell using the ray tracing technique and utilizing geographical databases, wherein the database directly utilized is a matrix base composed of pixels, each pixel carrying at least an information item specific to the type of ground cover and an information item specific to the height of the ground cover, a vectorization processing is applied to the matrix base to linearize the contours of obstacles encountered while rays are fictitiously traced, the rays according to the obstacles encountered being either reflected or diffracted and scattered, while the global attenuation and/or propagation duration is calculated, the vectorization processing of the contours of obstacles being applied to matrix bases to linearize the contours of obstacles encountered by forming straight lines whose positions and various angles are known accurately.

Abstract: A method of performing a fracture operation at a wellsite about a subterranean formation having a fracture network with natural fractures is provided. The wellsite is stimulated by injection of fluid into the fracture network. The method involves generating wellsite data including natural fracture parameters and obtaining measurements of microseismic events, modeling hydraulic fractures of the fracture network based on the wellsite data and defining a hydraulic fracture geometry of the hydraulic fractures, generating a stress field of the hydraulic fractures using a geomechanical model, determining shear failure parameters comprising a failure envelope and a stress state about the fracture network, determining a location of shear failure of the fracture network from the failure envelope and the stress state, and calibrating the hydraulic fracture geometry by comparing the modeled hydraulic fractures and the locations of shear failure against the measured microseismic events.

Abstract: Systems and program code for providing a combined synthesis of cost-effective heat and power (CHP) utility systems and the key process systems are provided. An exemplary system includes a CHP utility and process subsystems analysis and design program computer and program code for identifying the best key design and operating conditions for both subsystems stored in the memory of the computer. The program code, when executed, can cause the computer to perform operations including determining an optimal allocation of steam and power between both process and utility systems for one or more industrial process facilities in both partially and totally decentralized environments.