Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals thereof are disclosed. The apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, the apparatus comprises an encoder to encode service data corresponding to each of a plurality of physical paths, a time interleaver to the encoded service data in each physical path by a TI (Time Interleaving) block, wherein at least one virtual FEC block is ahead of FEC blocks in at least one TI block, wherein each TI block includes a variable number of FEC blocks of the encoded service data, wherein a number of the at least one virtual FEC block is defined based on a maximum number of FEC blocks of a TI block, a frame builder to build at least one signal frame including the time interleaved DP data, a modulator to modulate data in the built at least one signal frame by an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) scheme and a transmitter to transmit the broadcast signals having the modulated data.

Abstract: A system has a plurality of memory devices arranged in a fly-by topology, each having on-die termination (ODT) circuitry for connecting to an address and control (RQ) bus. The ODT circuitry of each memory device includes a set of one or more control registers for controlling on-die termination of one or more signal lines of the RQ bus. A first memory device includes a first set of one or more control registers storing a first ODT value, for controlling termination of one or more signal lines of the RQ bus by the ODT circuitry of the first memory device, and a second memory device includes a second set of one or more control registers storing a second ODT value different from the first ODT value, for controlling termination of one or more signal lines of the RQ bus by the ODT circuitry of the second memory device.

Abstract: Embodiments can provide a coding method, a coding apparatus, and a communications apparatus. The method includes: determining N to-be-coded bits, where N is a positive integer; obtaining a first sequence that includes N polar channel sequence numbers; determining a location of an information bit in the N to-be-coded bits based on the first sequence; and performing polar coding on the N to-be-coded bits to obtain coded bits. The location of the information bit in the to-be-coded bits is determined based on the obtained first sequence that includes N polar channel sequence numbers, so that performance of a polar code can be improved.

Abstract: A communication device receives a repetition index, a set indicator, and a downlink transmission. The downlink transmission spans a plurality of subframes. The communication device uses the repetition index as an index into one of a plurality of sets of subframe values specified by the set indicator to determine the number of subframes spanned by the downlink transmission, and decodes the downlink transmission according to the determined number of subframes.

Abstract: Disabled input bit positions of an input bit vector that is to be encoded are determined based on non-contiguous subsets of consecutive coded bit positions that are to be punctured from a codeword of a polar code. The input bit vector is encoded according to the polar code to generate a codeword, by applying information bits to input bit positions of the input bit vector other than the disabled input bit positions. The non-contiguous subsets of consecutive coded bit positions are punctured from the codeword to generate a punctured codeword, and the punctured codeword is transmitted. In some embodiments, the non-contiguous subsets include a first subset that includes a first coded bit position and a second subset that includes a last coded bit position. The polar code could be a chained polar code, for example.

Abstract: Embodiments of the application provide a method and device for polar code rate matching in a wireless communication network. A device of the network obtains K information bits. The device generates a to-be-encoded sequence having a length N bits. The to-be-encoded sequence includes the K information bits and L frozen bits. The L frozen bits are placed in L bit positions of the to-be-encoded sequence. The L bit positions are determined according to a rate match manner which is either puncturing or shortening. The device polar encodes the to-be-encoded sequence to obtain the encoded sequence. The device interleaves the encoded sequence to obtain an interleaved sequence and then stores the interleaved sequence into a cyclic cache. The device sequentially outputs M bits of the interleaved sequence from the cyclic cache according to the rate matching manner.

Abstract: This disclosure falls into the field of voice communication systems, more specifically it is related to the field of voice quality estimation in a packet based voice communication system. In particular the disclosure provides methods, computer program products and devices for reducing a prediction error of the voice quality estimation by considering forward error correction of lost voice packets.

Abstract: A method is performed by an information decoder. The method comprises obtaining (S102) an encoded sequence having been encoded using a polar code. The method comprises successively decoding (S104) the encoded sequence into the successive bits of the decoded sequence. Successively decoding the encoded sequence comprises performing a threshold check (S106) for evaluating a bit uncertainty criterion. Successively decoding the encoded sequence comprises branching (S108) the decoded sequence into two candidate decoded sequences whenever the threshold check fails.

Abstract: Concepts and schemes pertaining to structure of interleaver with low-density parity-check (LDPC) code are described. A processor of an apparatus encodes data to provide encoded data. A transceiver of the apparatus transmits the encoded data to at least one network node of a wireless network. In encoding the data to provide the encoded data, the processor encodes the data to result in each code block in the encoded data comprising a respective bit-level interleaver.

Abstract: An approach for detecting anomalous flows in a network using header field entropy. This can be useful in detecting anomalous or malicious traffic that may attempt to “hide” or inject itself into legitimate flows. A malicious endpoint might attempt to send a control message in underutilized header fields or might try to inject illegitimate data into a legitimate flow. These illegitimate flows will likely demonstrate header field entropy that is higher than legitimate flows. Detecting anomalous flows using header field entropy can help detect malicious endpoints.

Abstract: A content supplying apparatus, a content supplying method, a program, a terminal device, and a content supplying system capable of notifying a correspondence relation between a FLUTE stream and a segment stream to a reception side, and applicable to a system distributing a content in the FLUTE multicast manner. The content supplying apparatus includes: a FLUTE stream generating unit that generates a FLUTE stream based on a fragment stream and generates an SDP by describing information relating to an MPD in which information required for the reception side to acquire information relating to a FLUTE session distributing the FLUTE stream and the fragment stream corresponding to the FLUTE stream is described; and a multicast distribution unit that distributes the FLUTE stream and the SDP in a FLUTE multicast manner.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide an apparatus and a method for error correction based on a matrix. The apparatus includes memory and processing circuitry. The memory is configured to store the matrix associated with a set of parity bits. The matrix having rows and columns includes elements having values corresponding to either a first state or a second state. The matrix also includes a row having two elements with values corresponding to the first state. One of the two elements is a parity element corresponding to a parity bit associated with the row. Further, other elements in a same column as the parity element have values corresponding to the second state. The processing circuitry is configured to implement error correction based on the matrix. In another embodiment, the processing circuitry is configured to encode a data unit by generating the set of parity bits from the data unit based on the matrix and to form a codeword that includes the data unit and the set of parity bits.

Abstract: A sensor system is configured to communicate at least partially protected sensor data over a communication interface. The sensor system includes a sensor element and a communication interface communicatively coupled to the sensor element. The sensor element is configured to provide sensor data in the digital domain. The communication interface is configured to generate a data package for transmission over the communication interface from the sensor data. The data package includes a data grouping comprising one or more nibbles related to the sensor data. The data package further includes a nibble indicia based on at least a portion of selected nibbles within the data grouping.

Abstract: Methods and devices are described for determining reliabilities of bit positions in a bit sequence for information bit allocation using polar codes. The reliabilities are calculated using a weighted summation over a binary expansion of each bit position, wherein the summation is weighted by an exponential factor that is selected based at least in part on the coding rate of the polar code. Information bits and frozen bits are allocated to the bit positions based on the determined reliabilities, and data is polar encoded as the information bits. The polar encoded data is then transmitted to a remote device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the application provide a polar coding method for communicating information in a wireless network. Information bits are encoded using a polar code process to obtain a polar-coded bit sequence. A rate matched bit sequence is output based on the polar-coded bit sequence. The rate matched bit sequence includes a quantity M of bits from the polar-coded bit sequence, and the M bits from the polar-coded bit sequence correspond to M channel indexes in a channel index sequence S. The channel index sequence S is obtained based on a puncturing/shortening proportion P? and a prestored channel index sequence S?. Channel indexes in the prestored channel index sequence S? are sorted by channel reliability or channel capacity, and a sorting order of the M channel indexes in the channel index sequence S is the same as a sorting order of the channel indexes in the prestored channel index sequence S?.

Abstract: A video encoding apparatus appends decoding delay and display delay correction information to encoded video data in order to ensure that even when one or more pictures that are later in encoding order than a starting encoded picture in a video data stream to be spliced to a trailing end of another encoded video data stream have been discarded from among pictures contained in the video data stream, the starting encoded picture and its subsequent pictures can be continuously decoded and displayed by a video decoding apparatus. The correction information is calculated based on a decoding interval between each discarded picture and a picture that immediately precedes the discarded picture. The video decoding apparatus corrects the decoding delay and display delay of the starting encoded picture and its subsequent pictures by using the calculated correction information.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for implementing live device driver updates are disclosed. When a processor loads a given version of a device driver, the given version registers with a proxy module rather than registering with the operating system. If a previous version of the device driver is already running, the proxy module provides the given version with a pointer to the previous version. The given version uses the pointer to retrieve static data from the previous version. After the previous version is quiesced, the given version retrieves transient data from the previous version and then takes over as the running version of the device driver. Subsequent versions of the device driver are able to replace previous versions in a similar manner. Also, previous versions of the device driver are able to replace subsequent versions in a similar manner in the case of downgrading.

Abstract: A power delivery controller applied to a power converter includes a voltage compensation circuit and a comparator. The voltage compensation circuit is used for generating a compensation reference voltage, receiving a response signal through a universal serial bus type-C cable, and generating a response voltage when an electronic device coupled to the universal serial bus type-C cable generates the response signal corresponding to a Biphase Mark Coding (BMC) signal, wherein the response voltage and the compensation reference voltage have information relative to an internal resistor of the universal serial bus type-C cable. The comparator is used for generating a comparison signal according to the response voltage and the compensation reference voltage, wherein the power converter transmits power to the electronic device according to a specification corresponding to universal serial bus power delivery (USB-PD) after the comparator generates the comparison signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a polar code retransmission method and apparatus, to reduce retransmission complexity and improve transmission performance. The method includes: determining a first polar channel sequence including N polar channels and reliability of each of the N polar channels; determining, based on a coding parameter for an mth data transmission, a quantity Km of information bits that need to be transmitted during the mth data transmission, where the coding parameter includes at least one of the quantity of information bits and a code rate; determining Km polar channels with highest reliability in the first polar channel sequence; determining Km information bits based on locations, of information bits that need to be transmitted during first m?1 data transmissions, in the first polar channel sequence; and mapping the Km information bits to the Km polar channels for transmission.

Abstract: A transmitter is provided. The transmitter includes: a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder configured to encode input bits to generate parity bits; a parity permutator configured to perform parity permutation by interleaving the parity bits and group-wise interleaving a plurality of bit groups including the interleaved parity bits; and a puncturer configured to puncture some of the parity bits in the group-wise interleaved bit groups, wherein the parity permutator group-wise interleaves the bit groups such that some of the bit groups are positioned at predetermined positions, respectively, and a remainder of the bit groups are positioned without an order within the group-wise interleaved bit groups.

Abstract: A method of retrieving a file, the method including: receiving a portion of a content transmitted in accordance with a multicast protocol via a file delivery service, wherein the content includes data fragments forming a file; receiving a file delivery table (FDT) from the file delivery service; reading in the file delivery table location attributes indicating locations of the data fragments in the file; and determining from the location attributes locations of non-corrupted data fragments in the content portion.

Abstract: A transmitter is provided. The transmitter includes: a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder configured to encode input bits to generate parity bits; a parity permutator configured to group-wise interleave a plurality of bit groups including the parity bits; and a puncturer configured to select some of the parity bits in the group-wise interleaved bit groups and puncture the selected parity bits, wherein the parity permutator group-wise interleaves the bit groups such that some of the bit groups at predetermined positions in the bit groups before the group-wise interleaving are positioned serially after the group-wise interleaving and a remainder of the bit groups before the group-wise interleaving are positioned without an order after the group-wise interleaving so that the puncturer selects parity bits included in the some of the bit groups sequentially and selects parity bits included in the remainder of the bit groups without an order.

Abstract: A method for a terminal to transmit signals on the basis of a non-orthogonal multiple access scheme in a wireless communication system may comprise the steps of: receiving, from a base station, information about a codebook selected for the terminal in pre-defined non-orthogonal codebooks and control information including information about a codeword selected from the selected codebook; performing resource mapping on uplink data to be transmitted on the basis of information about the selected codebook and information about the codeword selected from the selected codebook; transmitting, to the base station, the uplink data mapped to the resource according to the resource mapping.

Abstract: A method of storing survivor data generated while decoding channel polarization codes in a memory module includes setting a list size that corresponds to a number of decoder units used to decode the channel polarization codes, inputting a stream of input bits to the decoder units, and sequentially decoding the input bits. Each input bit is decoded using all previous input bits decoded before the each input bit. The method further includes selecting a plurality of survivor bits from among the decoded input bits, and storing the selected survivor bits in the memory module in a binary tree configuration. The number of edges in each level of the binary tree configuration does not exceed the list size.

Abstract: A system has a plurality of memory devices arranged in a fly-by topology, each having on-die termination (ODT) circuitry for connecting to an address and control (RQ) bus. The ODT circuitry of each memory device includes a set of one or more control registers for controlling on-die termination of one or more signal lines of the RQ bus. A first memory device includes a first set of one or more control registers storing a first ODT value, for controlling termination of one or more signal lines of the RQ bus by the ODT circuitry of the first memory device, and a second memory device includes a second set of one or more control registers storing a second ODT value different from the first ODT value, for controlling termination of one or more signal lines of the RQ bus by the ODT circuitry of the second memory device.

Abstract: A processor receives data associated with a device. On the basis of the data associated with the device, the processor modulates a light from the artificial light source at a rate imperceptible to a human eye while detectable by a light sensor device. The modulated light is representative of the data associated with the device. The modulated light is detected, demodulated, and decoded by the light sensor device to retrieve the data associated with the device. Further, the data associated with the device is presented by the light sensor device to a user. In addition, the light sensor device is configured to receive input data from the user and communicate the input data to the processor via a wireless link. The processor is configured to receive the input data from the light sensor device and effect a change in a characteristic of the device based on the received input data.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a data processing device and a data processing method, which are capable of securing excellent communication quality in data transmission using an LDPC code. In group-wise interleave, an LDPC code in which a code length N is 16200 bits and an encoding rate r is 6/15, 8/15, or 10/15 is interleaved in units of bit groups of 360 bits. In group-wise deinterleave, a sequence of the LDPC code that has undergone the group-wise interleave is restored to an original sequence. For example, the present technology can be applied to a technique of performing data transmission using an LDPC code.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a broadcast signal, the method includes generating, by a broadcast transmitter, service data of a service and service signaling information for acquiring the service and components of the service; generating, by the broadcast transmitter, signaling data for rapid service scan, the signaling data including: a first service identifier identifying the service, and protection information indicating whether a component of the service is protected; generating, by the broadcast transmitter, physical layer pipes (PLPs) carrying the service data and the service signaling information, the generated PLPs carrying the signaling data; and transmitting, by the broadcast transmitter, a broadcast signal carrying a signal frame carrying the generated PLPs, wherein the signaling data further includes information for identifying where the service signaling information is transmitted.

Abstract: A method of measuring signal change including performing at least one calculation or iteration step based on one or more chaos non-linear dynamical functions on first and second input signals, or sample of signals, to produce iteration values. Performing at least a second iteration step by repeating the at least one calculation or iteration step based on one or more non-linear dynamical functions on the first iteration values to produce a second iteration values and subtracting one set of iteration values generated from either the first or second input signal from the corresponding iteration values generated from the other input signal.

Abstract: For some applications such as high-speed communication over short-reach links, the complexity and associated high latency provided by existing modulators may be unsuitable. According to an aspect, the present disclosure provides a modulator that can reduce latency for applications such as 40 G/100 G communication over copper cables or SMF. The modulator has a symbol mapper for mapping a bit stream into symbols, and a multi-level encoder including an inner encoder and an outer encoder for encoding only a portion of the bit stream. In some implementations, the multi-level encoder is configured such that an information block size of the inner encoder is small and matches a field size of the outer encoder. Therefore, components that would be used to accommodate larger block sizes can be omitted. The effect is that complexity and latency can be reduced. According to another aspect, the present disclosure provides a demodulator that is complementary to the modulator.

Abstract: A method for generating a polar code includes the steps of: establishing a plurality of polarization matrices that receive a plurality of first input bits via a plurality of first input channels and provide a plurality of first output bits on a plurality of first output channels; selecting at least one to-be-enhanced input channel from the first input channels of the polarization matrices; providing a re-polarization matrix that receives a plurality of second input bits via a plurality of second input channels and provides a plurality of second output bits on a plurality of second output channels, wherein a part of the second output bits is used as the first output bit(s) on the at least one to-be-enhanced input channel; and providing a polar code that comprises the first output bits and a remaining part of the second output bits.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium that stores instructions to store one or multiple instances of first data that indicate one or multiple types of forward error correction (FEC) coding schemes supported by an end device; generate a radio resource control connection request; select one of the one or multiple instances of first data during the generation of the radio resource control connection request; include the one of the one or multiple instances of first data in the radio resource control connection request in response to the selection; and transmit the radio resource control connection request to a wireless station of a wireless network in response to the inclusion.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a 5th Generation (5G) or a pre-5G communication system provided to support a higher data transmission rate than a system beyond a 4th Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). The purpose of the present disclosure is to maximize adaptive transmission performance by designing a puncturing order and a repetition order individually in optimized order. An operation method of a transmission device for adaptive transmission of a codeword according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes generating a codeword using a polar code and transmitting a packet including at least one codeword indicated by a repetition order when bit repetition is needed. The repetition order is determined based on at least one of channel polarization or channel quality information.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a data processing device and a data processing method which can ensure high communication quality in data transmission using LDPC codes. In group-wise interleaving, an LDPC code having a code length N of 64800 bits and a coding rate r of 9/15 is interleaved in a unit of a bit group of 360 bits. In group-wise deinterleaving, a sequence of bit groups of the LDPC code which has been subjected to the group-wise interleaving is returned to an original sequence. The present technology can be applied to, for example, a case in which data transmission is performed using LDPC codes.

Abstract: A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 64800 and a code rate of 2/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation.

Abstract: Various communication systems may benefit from appropriate representations of communication parameters and information. For example, certain wireless communication systems may benefit from packet number representation for multicast channel block error rate reporting. A method can include determining a number of packets corresponding to a block error rate of a multicast channel. The method can also include encoding the number of packets using an encoding format that includes a plurality of granularities and at least one threshold. The method can further include transmitting the number of packets in a report.

Abstract: In data communications, a suitably designed contrast coding scheme, comprising a process of contrast encoding at a transmitter end and a process of contrast decoding at a receiver end, may be used to adjust the contrast in bit error rate (BER) experienced by different classes of bits. Contrast coding may be used to tune the BERs experienced by different subsets of bits, relative to each other, to better match a plurality of forward error correction (FEC) schemes used for transmission of information bits, which may ultimately provide a communications system having a higher noise tolerance, or greater data capacity, or smaller size, or lower heat.

Abstract: A data communication system is provided. The data communication system includes at least one transmitter that is operable to communicate data packets via a data communication network and/or a data carrier to at least one receiver. The at least one transmitter is operable to include within at least one of the data packets a plurality of mutually different types of data having mutually different priorities. Optionally, the data communication system is operable to communicate to the at least one receiver information that is indicative of the one or more priorities of the plurality of mutually different types of data. Optionally, the data communication system is operable to communicate the information that is indicative of the mutually different priorities of the plurality of mutually different types of data within the at least one of the data packets.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

Abstract: Embodiments of the application provide a method for encoding data in a wireless communication network. A communication device obtains K data bits and a target code length M. The device determines a mother code length N1. The device encodes the K data bits to obtain an encoded bit sequence of code langth N1. The mother code length N1 is determined according to a minimum value of values Na, Nmax and N. The values Na, Nmax and N satisfy the following conditions: (1) the value Na satisfies with: a rate R1 is less than or equal to a preset rate, wherein the rate R1 is determined according to the value K and the value Na; (2) the value Nmax is a preset maximum mother code length, and Nmax is an integer power of 2; and (3) the value N satisfies with M?N*(1+?), and ? is a preset constant.

Abstract: Embodiments of the application provide a method and device for polar code rate matching in a wireless communication network. A device of the network receives a bit sequence of K information bits. The device polar codes the bit sequence to obtain N encoded bits. The device interleaves the encoded bits to obtain N interleaved bits and then stores the N interleaved bits into cyclic cache. The device sequentially outputs M bits of the N interleaved bits from the cyclic cache according to a rate matching manner, wherein the rate matching manner is one of shortening, puncturing or repetition. When the rate matching manner is puncturing, the (N?M+1)th bit to the Nth bit of the interleaved bit sequence are output from the cyclic cache.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for updating state data of an audio decoder for packet loss concealment (PLC). A methodology implementing the techniques according to an embodiment includes decoding encoded bits in a sequence of audio packets. A decoder history buffer stores the encoded bits and decimated state data associated with the decoding of those bits. The decimation factor of the state data is based on a down-sampling rate of the decoder. The method further includes performing PLC for an invalid audio packet using concealment samples from a PLC history buffer. The state of the audio decoder is updated from the decoder history buffer, based on timing associated with the concealment samples. The method further includes re-decoding the stored encoded bits associated with the updated state data, to further update the state of the audio decoder for subsequent decoding of a valid audio packet following the invalid audio packet.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low density parity check (LDPC) codeword by LDPC encoding based on a parity check matrix; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol, wherein the modulator is further configured to map a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.

Abstract: A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 64800 and a code rate of 2/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for 16-symbol mapping.

Abstract: A transmitter for transmitting an encoded codeword over a communication channel is described. The transmitter includes a source to accept source data, an irregular polar encoder operated by a processor to encode the source data with at least one polar code to produce an encoded codeword, a modulator to modulate the encoded codeword, and a front end to transmit the modulated and encoded codeword over the communication channel, wherein the polar code is specified by a set of regular parameters and a set of irregular parameters.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for operating a communication system comprising three or more communication transceivers. In illustrative embodiments, multiple different cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generation schemes are maintained. Each CRC generation scheme corresponds to a unique CRC residual value. A CRC value generated using one of the CRC generation schemes is placed in a data packet to be transmitted. The chosen CRC generation scheme reflects which one or more transceivers are intended recipients of the data packet. When a data packet is received by a transceiver, a CRC residual value is calculated based on the CRC value contained in the received data packet. The calculated CRC residual value is compared against a list of one or more valid CRC residual values for that particular transceiver. If the calculated CRC value matches one of the listed valid CRC residual values, the data packet is accepted, otherwise it is rejected.

Abstract: A content supplying apparatus, a content supplying method, a program, a terminal device, and a content supplying system capable of notifying a correspondence relation between a FLUTE stream and a segment stream to a reception side, and applicable to a system distributing a content in the FLUTE multicast manner. The content supplying apparatus includes: a FLUTE stream generating unit that generates a FLUTE stream based on a fragment stream and generates an SDP by describing information relating to an MPD in which information required for the reception side to acquire information relating to a FLUTE session distributing the FLUTE stream and the fragment stream corresponding to the FLUTE stream is described; and a multicast distribution unit that distributes the FLUTE stream and the SDP in a FLUTE multicast manner.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus are provided. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder configured to generate a low density parity check (LDPC) codeword by performing LDPC encoding, an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword, and a modulator configured to modulate the interleaved LDPC codeword according to a modulation method to generate a modulation symbol. The interleaver performs interleaving by dividing the LDPC codeword into a plurality of groups, rearranging an order of the plurality of groups in group units, and dividing the plurality of rearranged groups based on a modulation order according to the modulation method.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide an apparatus and method for a coherent, efficient, and configurable cyclic check redundancy retry implementation for synchronous dynamic random access memory. The process includes storing write commands as groups of bursts in a storage location where those commands are stored at least until a time frame has passed for receiving a corresponding cyclic redundancy check failure message. In some embodiments, the process includes retrying corresponding groups of bursts after receiving a failure message where retried groups of bursts are given priority over other memory access commands. In some embodiments, when a read command is received corresponding to a write command that is not beyond the relevant time frame the read command will also be held back from execution until the corresponding time frame has passed without notification of cyclic redundancy check value failure.

Abstract: A parity puncturing apparatus and method for fixed length signaling information are disclosed. A parity puncturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes memory configured to provide a parity bit string for parity puncturing for the parity bits of an LDPC codeword whose length is 16200 and whose code rate is 3/15, and a processor configured to puncture a number of bits corresponding to a final puncturing size from the rear side of the parity bit string.