Abstract: [Problem] To make it easy to attach a counterplate to a specified position on a cutting plate, to prevent the counterplate falling from the cutting die during blanking, and to prevent the counterplate from making contact with a sheet. [Solution] The present invention includes: a housing (2) which includes a hole-side inclined portion (21), and in which an accommodation hole is formed; an engaging means (3) which alternates between a lower lock and an upper lock in the housing (2); and a sliding shaft member (4) fitted in the housing. The inside diameter of the upper side of the hole-side inclined portion (21) is larger than the inside diameter of the lower side thereof. The engaging means (3) is disposed above the hole-side inclined portion (21).

Abstract: The invention relates to a press for producing dimensionally stable preforms from material that is substantially in the form of a powder, in particular iron powder and or ceramic powder, with a tool comprising an upper die and a lower die, wherein the upper die and the lower die respectively comprise at least one die, wherein a first die and a second die are arranged together, one sliding in the other, as the upper die or lower die and respectively have a first end and a second end, lying opposite the first end, wherein at least one of the two dies spreads out along one portion to such an extent that the second end thereof has a width that at least approaches an outer diameter of a die holder associated with the second end. This allows presses of a compact form to be made available for producing dimensionally stable preforms of high quality and great complexity.

Abstract: A device for marking a work piece that is at least partially formed or reshaped through a thermal process is provided. The device includes a plurality of heating elements distributed laterally on a surface that is placed against the work piece and can be individually controlled for local heating of a work piece surface. Each of the heating elements includes a solid material with a surface structure and a heating structure. The surface structure includes at least one of a specifically or randomly varied topography. The surface structure can be at least partially heated through the heating structure.

Abstract: A tool holder and differing designs of movable portions that can be interchangeably mounted with the holder depending on the tang profile of the tool needing to be seated and secured to the holder.

Abstract: A mold holder device in a press brake includes a mold clamp that clamps a mold with respect to a mold contacting surface provided for a holder body of the mold holder device. The mold clamp is pivotally arranged on the holder body. A long groove is formed in a mold clamping surface with which the mold clamp clamps the mold with respect to the mold contacting surface. The long groove is in parallel with a pivot axis of the mold clamp. A metal pipe member has a longitudinal slit and is inserted in a rotation restricted state into the long groove. A part of an outer peripheral surface of the pipe member is protruded toward the mold contacting surface.

Abstract: A three dimensional printing system includes a vertical support, a support plate, a resin vessel, a carriage, and a support fixture. The support plate has a proximal end affixed to the vertical support and extends along a first lateral axis to a distal end. The resin vessel is supported by the support plate and has a rear side that is proximate to the proximal end of the support plate. The resin fluid outlet is supported over the rear side of the resin vessel. The carriage is configured to be translated vertically along the vertical support. A pair of fixture receiving arms extend from the carriage along the first lateral axis from a proximal to a distal end. The fixture receiving arms are spaced apart along a second lateral axis that is perpendicular to the first lateral axis. The support fixture is supported by the two fixture receiving arms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool handling system (1) for removing or inserting a bending tool (2) in a tool mounting (3), comprising a bending tool (2) having a gripping recess (16) and a locking device (7) that cooperates with the tool mounting (3), the locking device being deactivatable by an actuating element (10) which is arranged in the gripping recess (16) and is accessible therein, and further comprising a gripper (11) with a gripper base body (12), comprising a first gripper finger (14) arranged on the gripper base body and at least a second gripper finger (15) which is adjustable on the gripper base body (12) by means of an articulation (20). The invention is characterized in that the first gripper finger (14), when positioned in the gripping recess (16), and the adjustable second gripper finger (15), when positioned in a release position, do not contact the actuating element (10) and that the adjustable second gripper finger (15) contacts the actuating element (10) in a gripping position.

Abstract: To provide a clamp apparatus including swinging fulcrums on a side of a swinging body, in which the clamp apparatus swings about the swinging fulcrum at the time of opening a channel mouth and at an initial stage to start clamping of the channel mouth, and as swinging for the clamping progresses, the clamp apparatus shifts to other swinging fulcrum located at an upper part of a clamping point to complete clamping.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bending tool (3) for inserting into a tool mount (2). The bending tool comprises a tool body (4), a locking element (8) which is connected to an activating element (7) accessible outside of the tool mount (2) and which has a locking tab (9) for securing the bending tool (3) in the tool mount (2) by engaging in a recess arranged therein, wherein a base position of the activating element (12) corresponds to a unlocking position of the locking element (16) and an actuating position of the activating element (13) corresponds to a locking position of the locking element (15). Furthermore, there is a tool position securing element (17) attached displaceably in the tool body (4), which tool position securing element, in a securing position (18) that protrudes with respect to the tool body (4), establishes a connection for fixing the position of the tool body (4) with respect to a displacement direction (5) in the tool mount (2).

Abstract: Split pass forging a workpiece to initiate microstructure refinement comprises press forging a metallic material workpiece in a first forging direction one or more times up to a reduction ductility limit of the metallic material to impart a total strain in the first forging direction sufficient to initiate microstructure refinement; rotating the workpiece; open die press forging the workpiece in a second forging direction one or more times up to the reduction ductility limit to impart a total strain in the second forging direction to initiate microstructure refinement; and repeating rotating and open die press forging in a third and, optionally, one or more additional directions until a total amount of strain to initiate microstructure refinement is imparted in an entire volume of the workpiece.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a seamless metal pipe includes: preparing a plurality of mandrel bars in which lengths of work portions which come into contact with a hollow shell during elongating are different from one another; selecting a mandrel bar including a work portion having a length corresponding to the number of stands used in thickness reduction, among the plurality of mandrel bars; inserting the mandrel bar selected in the selecting into the hollow shell; and performing the elongating on the hollow shell into which the mandrel bar is inserted. Moreover, in the elongating, outer diameter reduction is performed by one of a preceding-stage stand group and a succeeding-stage stand group and the thickness reduction is performed by the other of the preceding-stage stand group and the succeeding-stage stand group, or the thickness reduction is performed by both of the preceding-stage stand group and the succeeding-stage stand group.

Abstract: Embodiments for retaining the spherical ball of a piston connecting rod within a socket in a bore in a drive plate of a bent-axis pump/motor comprise swaging material at the periphery of the socket cavity toward the ball, to an outer diameter such that the swaged region is fully supported against pullout by the cylindrical wall of the bore. Alternatively, a retention ring which is fully supported by the walls of the cylindrical bore retains the ball within the socket and is in turn retained by a snap ring extending into a groove within the bore.

Abstract: A pressing tool in which, according to work content, an exchange tool is held so as to be capable of being exchanged by attachment/detachment by a locking bolt penetrating through a mounting portion provided to the tool main body, and the exchange tool is actuated by a pressing member. The outer periphery of the shank of the locking bolt is provided with: an annular groove for locking, arranged on the bolt-head side so as to be partially discontinuous; a release groove extending from the discontinuous part of the annular groove toward the tip of the bolt along the shank at an incline so as to gradually get shallower; and a retaining annular groove formed on the shank further toward the tip of the bolt than the release groove, the bolt-head side inner wall of the retaining annular groove being formed as a tapered incline. The mounting part is provided with a locking pin that fits into the locking annular groove, the release groove, and the retaining groove and that is capable of moving between the grooves.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an assembled camshaft for valve-controlled internal combustion engines, in which at least one cam disc with a base circle region and cam region is machined on the running surface and has a cam-disc recess, includes shrinking the cam disc onto a corresponding shaft designed with a defined dimensional overlap by cooling the shaft and heating the cam disc. Temporally before being shrunk onto the shaft, the at least one cam disc is clamped by a clamping device such that a tension force acts on the recess wall region, which defines the cam-disc recess, the tension force corresponding to a predetermined extent to the state of stresses and/or deformation state of the recess wall region after the operation of shrinking the cam disc onto the corresponding shaft. The running-surface machining of the at least one cam disc takes place when the cam disc is clamped by the clamping device.

Abstract: An exemplary system for crimping a prosthetic valve comprises a radially expandable and compressible prosthetic valve, a crimping device positioned around the valve and configured to reduce the diameter of the valve to a delivery configuration, and a sterile package enclosing the valve and the crimping device. The valve can be pre-assembled in a partially crimped configuration within the crimping device. After removing the sterile packaging, the crimping device can be used to crimp the valve from the partially crimped configuration to the delivery configuration, such as by twisting a knob on the crimping device. The system can further comprise at least a portion of a delivery catheter within the sterile package, wherein the valve is pre-mounted on or adjacent to an inflatable balloon of the delivery catheter, such that the valve can be crimped onto the delivery catheter using the crimping device.

Abstract: A hand-held hydraulic assembly includes a work tool having a hydraulic cylinder or main body, a ram piston disposed in the hydraulic main body and a spring or other biasing member mounted on the ram piston. An interchangeable work head is selectively engaged to the ram piston of the work tool. The ram piston is axially displaceable in the main body for actuating the work head. A quick release coupling mounted to the work tool releasably connects the interchangeable work head to the work tool.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of steel processing and steel production, in particular the production of steel profiles. The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a steel profile, the method comprising the steps of: providing a workpiece (2, 44, 52), in particular a steel blank, preferably a steel strip blank, forming a weakened point (10) in the region of a planned bend in the workpiece (2, 44, 52) and bending the workpiece (2, 44, 52) to produce a bend in the workpiece (2, 44, 52). After bending, the weakened point (10) is reinforced by welding.

Abstract: A gas spring mount and related method for metal forming dies includes a one-piece, split clamping ring having a generally ovate plan shape with two spaced apart axes of symmetry. A generally circular clamping portion extends around the first axis, and is shaped to receive a gas spring body therein. A hook-shaped end extends around the second axis, and is shaped to receive a tapered head mounting member therein. A resilient free end is located operably between the clamping portion and the hook-shaped end portion, whereby tightening of the mounting member shifts the hook-shaped end outwardly and the free end inwardly to constrictingly pull the clamping ring securely against the gas spring body, and contemporaneously attach the assembly to an associated die member.

Abstract: Device for expanding tubes inserted in a finned pack of a heat exchanger including support means of the finned pack, a tool for enlarging the ends of each one of the tubes, a mandrel for the radial expansion of each one of the tubes. The device also includes axial abutment means for both enlarged ends of each one of the tubes in the contraction direction of each one of the tubes during the radial expansion operation. A method for expanding tubes carried out with such a device is also proposed.

Abstract: A gas spring mount and related method for metal forming dies includes a one-piece, generally U-shaped clamping band with an arcuate medial portion shaped to receive an associated gas spring body therein, and two enlarged ends with through apertures. Threaded mounting screws extend through the through apertures in the clamping band ends, and are anchored into threaded retainer holes in an associated die member. At least one of the mounting screws has a tapered head and is disposed laterally offset from the associated threaded retainer hole in the die, whereby tightening of the one screw shifts the related enlarged end of the mounting band laterally toward the opposite enlarged end to pull the clamping band constrictingly against the gas spring body to securely, yet detachably retain the same therein.

Abstract: Production method for a monobloc rifle receiver of aluminium or aluminium alloy, characterised in that this method consists of the realisation of individual parts of the receiver, which, in an assembled state can form a receiver; followed by any mechanical adjustments; followed by the assembly of these parts (8) by welding.

Abstract: The invention provides a screw in which the screw head (1) has a slot (2) in the upper surface of the screw head, an upper peripheral wall (9) of regular planform extending down from the rim of the slot into the screwhead, the upper peripheral wall (9) being generally aligned with the axis of the screw to form a recess (3), a sloping transition surface (15), extending downwardly and inwardly with respect to the lower edge of the upper peripheral wall (9), and a further recess (11) extending downwardly from the lower edge of the sloping transition surface (15), in which the dimensions of the screw head are such that when the screwhead is engaged by a tool (6) having upper (16) and lower (17) engagement sections, and in which the upper engagement section (16) extends downwardly with respect to the axis of the screw to which the tool is to engage and the lower engagement section (17) extends further downwardly, and in which there is at least one protrusion (or rib) (21) on the inside wall (12) of the further rec

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an adaptive protective textile (3) in sheet metalforming, comprising non-woven material which is draped over the active surfaces of the sheet metalforming tool (2), wherein the surfaces of the sheet metal (4) are protected from contact with the surfaces of the tool (2) and the need for lubricant is eliminated.

Abstract: A rack bar includes a shaft: portion, a rack toothed portion provided on the shaft portion, and a dummy toothed portion. The rack toothed portion includes a plurality of rack teeth provided side by side in an axial direction of the shaft portion, each of the rack teeth including a contact face arranged obliquely relative to the axial direction to contact the pinion gear. The dummy toothed portion includes at least one dummy tooth provided on at least one side of the rack toothed portion in the axial direction such that the dummy tooth is arranged parallel to and next to the rack. teeth. The dummy tooth is designed such that a whole height of the dummy tooth is smaller than a whole height of each of the rack teeth.

Abstract: A mandrel that provides a counter-force to the pressure exerted on the outside of a pipe or other arcuate surface by a friction stir welding tool, wherein the mandrel is expandable through the use of a wedge, and wherein the mandrel enables multiple friction stir welding heads to simultaneously perform welding on the arcuate surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a component of an adjustment device for vehicle seats, wherein, in a first step, a work piece is machined such that the work piece is harder in a first region than in a second region, and/or in that the work piece is of a larger geometrical size in a third region than in a fourth region, wherein, in a second step, the work piece is deformed in such a way that a tool is moved onto the work piece at a speed greater than 1 m/s.

Abstract: An apparatus including rigid plate having a first face and a second face, a plurality of through seats arranged as a circular crown about an axis of symmetry (A), perpendicular to each seat and shaped as a circular crown segment; a plurality of knives carried by the plate, each being axially slidingly guided into a seat, independently of the other knives; each knife has a head which protrudes from the seat from the side of the first face, a prismatic body having an axial length greater than the seat, and a wedge-shaped end, opposite to the head, which protrudes from the second face when the head substantially abuts against the first face; the wedge-shaped ends circumferentially having a first profile, complementary to that of the frontal toothing to be obtained, and the knives can be replaced totally or partially with others having a second profile different from the first profile.

Abstract: An exemplary system for crimping a prosthetic valve comprises a radially expandable and compressible prosthetic valve, a crimping device positioned around the valve and configured to reduce the diameter of the valve to a delivery configuration, and a sterile package enclosing the valve and the crimping device. The valve can be pre-assembled in a partially crimped configuration within the crimping device. After removing the sterile packaging, the crimping device can be used to crimp the valve from the partially crimped configuration to the delivery configuration, such as by twisting a knob on the crimping device. The system can further comprise at least a portion of a delivery catheter within the sterile package, wherein the valve is pre-mounted on or adjacent to an inflatable balloon of the delivery catheter, such that the valve can be crimped onto the delivery catheter using the crimping device.

Abstract: A method of making an impression die comprises the steps of providing a substantially planar bendable bimetal plate 10 consisting of copper and steel bonded together, forming a relief pattern 14 in the surface of the copper for example by an etching process, forming the plate into a non-planar sleeve with the copper on the outside and joining the free edges of the sleeve together. Preferably the free edges of the sleeve 10 are joined together while the sleeve is mounted on a metal mandrel 15.

Abstract: One aspect of this disclosure provides an expansion rod holder for the assembly of fin and tube heat exchangers. The expansion rod holder includes a first plate having a first aperture therethrough and a ring located in the first aperture and that has a second aperture therethrough. The first and second apertures are configured to receive a tapered end of an expansion rod having an annular groove proximate the tapered end. A biasing member is located in the first aperture between the ring and a wall of the first aperture. The biasing member is configured to bias the ring in a first direction toward an opposite wall of the first aperture and into the annular groove. A method of manufacturing the expansion rod holder is also disclosed, as well as a tube expander system used to manufacture heat exchangers.

Abstract: Method of forming depressions (e.g. dimples) in a sheet material to form a textured surface thereon involves pressing one or more tool tips into a metallic or non-metallic sheet material while the sheet material is supported by a support layer that is relatively softer (e.g. having a lower Young's modulus) than the sheet material so as to allow plastic deformation and reduce pile-up of raised displaced material of the sheet material at the edges of the depressions.

Abstract: A mandrel includes a support structure; main sectors carried by the support structure and each having a main forming surface; and intermediate sectors carried by the support structure and each having an intermediate forming surface. The main sectors and intermediate sectors are alternately arranged around the axis. The main sectors are moveable relative to the support structure between a radially inner main retracted position, and a radially outer main forming position. The intermediate sectors are moveable relative to the support structure between a radially inner intermediate retracted position, and a radially outer intermediate forming position. The mandrel further includes drive means for moving the main sectors and intermediate sectors from their respective retracted positions to their respective forming positions. The drive means is configured such that each main sector reaches its main forming position before the adjacent intermediate sectors reach their respective intermediate forming positions.

Abstract: The present invention includes a bar having a maximum cross section region smaller than a minimum cross section region of a hollow portion of a pipe P, and projected portions mounted along an axial direction of the bar and including a projected portion with maximum extent Hb, extent Ha of the projected portion positioned at a leading end side of the bar is set to be smaller than extent Hb of the projected portion positioned at a center side in the axial direction, and extent Hc of the projected portion positioned at a base end side of the bar is set to be less than or equal to extent Hb of the projected portion.

Abstract: Proposed is a method and apparatus for forming an orthodontic bracket for use with an orthodontic archwire involving shaping a length of material to form at least two enlarged portions and a base member, the base member being intermediate two arm members and the respective enlarged portions having a thickness that is thicker than the thickness of the base member; bending the length of material at the respective enlarged portions; and coining the respective enlarged portions, such that portions of the arm members define a channel to receive a portion of the orthodontic archwire.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for compensating for such deformations as occur in operation in first and second clamping surfaces intended for a tool in a press. The clamping surfaces are reciprocally moveable towards and away from one another in order to move a first and second part of the tool towards and away from one another, and the first and second tool parts have a first and second abutment surface for abutment against the first and second clamping surfaces and the deformations cause uneven pressure in at least one contact region between the tool and the clamping surfaces. According to the present invention, there is disposed, in at least one contact region between a clamping surface and an abutment surface, a power unit which, on activation, is operative to press, away from the clamping surface located in the contact region at least a part of the abutment surface of the tool located there.

Abstract: An apparatus meant to contain a die portion of a punch and die set whether in a loading cartridge or in machine operating position, wherein a key is used with a die shoe to prevent lateral movement of the die regardless of extent by which the die is sharpened and continued to be used with the die shoe, and wherein a die is used with the die shoe to minimize jagged or sharp edges being created from sharpening processes thereof.

Abstract: A composite sintered powder metal article including a first region including a cemented hard particle material such as, for example, cemented carbide. The article includes a second region including: a metallic material selected from a steel, nickel, a nickel alloy, titanium, a titanium alloy, molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy, cobalt, a cobalt alloy, tungsten, a tungsten alloy; and from 0 up to 30 percent by volume of hard particles. The first region is metallurgically bonded to the second region, and each of the first region and the second region has a thickness of greater than 100 microns. The second region comprises at least one mechanical attachment feature so that the composite sintered powder metal article can be attached to another article. The article comprises one of an earth boring article, a metalcutting tool, a metalforming tool, a woodworking tool, and a wear article.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a substrate, for example a tool used in hot metalforming operations, is coated with an enamel nanoparticulate graded coating. The nanoparticles in the coating may be boron nitride nanoparticles. The coating may include a first portion adjacent a surface of the substrate, and a second portion adjacent the first portion. The first portion of the coating may have a lower volume fraction of nanoparticles than the second portion. The first portion has excellent adhesion to the surface of the substrate, and the second portion reduces friction and wear. The coated tool may be formed by applying at least one layer of a coating mixture to a surface of the tool and heating the coating mixture. A metal workpiece may be formed into an article by contacting the metal workpiece against the coated surface of the tool.

Abstract: In a crossbow-style tube bender, a curved bending mandrel having a channel into which the tube in bent to form the bent tubing length has at least one relief surface forming a localized recess or depression in the surface of the channel. A forming bar or cross bar adapted to cooperate with a bending mandrel has on a first side of the forming bar a least one first pair of forming mandrels configured for a first tubing size, and on a second side of the forming bar has at least one second pair of forming mandrels configured for a second tubing size. The bender has a quick connect-disconnect mechanism permitting quick disconnection from and connection to the forming bar to utilize either the at least one first or at least one second pairs of forming mandrels.

Abstract: A gas spring mount and related method for metal forming dies includes a one-piece, generally U-shaped clamping band with an arcuate medial portion shaped to receive an associated gas spring body therein, and two enlarged ends with through apertures. Threaded mounting screws extend through the through apertures in the clamping band ends, and are anchored into threaded retainer holes in an associated die member. At least one of the mounting screws has a tapered head and is disposed laterally offset from the associated threaded retainer hole in the die, whereby tightening of the one screw shifts the related enlarged end of the mounting band laterally toward the opposite enlarged end to pull the clamping band constrictingly against the gas spring body to securely, yet detachably retain the same therein.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying labels to products includes a label application station at which the labels are applied to a product and an application head movably mounted relative to a base for movement between a first operative loading position spaced from the label application station and a second operative application position at which the application head applies at least one label to a product positioned at the label application station. An electrically actuated solenoid is operatively connected to the application head to move the application head between the first and second operative positions.

Abstract: Novel molds and methods for Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) molding using carbon templates obtained from pyrolyzed materials are provided. The method employs the Carbon MEMS (C-MEMS) technique to derive molds of different geometries and dimensions. The resultant carbon structures are stable at very high temperatures and have sufficient mechanical strength to be used as master molds for the thermoplastic forming of BMGs.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a metallic flat gasket with at least one metallic layer, wherein the metallic gasket features at least one sealing area and a compression limiting area that is realized in the form of a corrugated profile in at least one layer of the metallic gasket, wherein the corrugated profile is formed in the area of the compression limiter by several corrugations that extend on concentric circular lines. At least one first corrugation extends along at least one predetermined arc of a circle and does not extend in at least one predetermined sector of a circle. The flat gasket features at least one second interrupted corrugation that extends concentric to the first corrugation, has a different radius than the first corrugation and extends at least in the sector of a circle, in which the first corrugation does not extend, and does not extend in at least one sector of a circle, in which the first corrugation extends.

Abstract: A ball joint 10 includes a first member 12 having a ball section 14 and a second member 15 having a socket 16. Ball section 14 is accommodated and supported inside socket 16. A pair of dies 20, 30 sandwich a wall 18 surrounding an opening 17 of the socket 16, and are configured to approach each other gradually, utilizing small repetitive vibrations that include an approaching and separating action, thereby intermittently pressing the wall in an inward radial direction. During each interval of the intermittent pressing action, a supporting and rotating device 40 rotates socket 16 (second member 15) in small increments about a central axis C2 of socket 16. Consequently, dies 20 and 30 successively press against a multitude of points on the circumference of the outer surface of wall 18 of the socket, thereby bending wall 18 inward so as to reduce the diameter thereof.

Abstract: The method according to the invention for working in pressing dies using marking paint wherein a fluorescent marking paint is used. This enables the operator in the manual working in of pressing dies to identify the painted tool surface without error and error-free detection of the tool surface occupied by marking paint is also possible by means of suitable devices (camera) for working-in of the pressing die which is done more or less automated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exchangeable tool for holding in a receiving structure, the tool comprising: a safety device for preventing the tool from accidentally falling out of the receiving structure, which safety device has a tool releasing position and a tool locking position; energizable actuating means for actuating the safety device; and energizing means for energizing the actuating means, and to a method for exchanging such tool from a receiving structure.

Abstract: A blank cut from a strip of hardenable hot-formed steel is heated in a furnace to a temperature which is smaller than an Ac3 transformation point in an iron carbon diagram. A first region of the blank is then heated in a conductive heating station to a temperature above the Ac3 transformation point and subsequently hardened in a hot forming and hardening tool to produce a steel part with at least two microstructured regions of different ductility.

Abstract: A stamp includes a metal supporting layer, a pattern forming layer and an adhesive layer. The metal supporting layer has a first thermal conductivity. The pattern forming layer is disposed on the metal supporting layer and has a surface with a molding pattern formed thereon. The adhesive layer is disposed between the metal supporting layer and the pattern forming layer to couple the pattern forming layer to the metal supporting layer, and has a second thermal conductivity lower than the first thermal conductivity. Thus, strength of the stamp may be improved, and deformation of the stamp during the process of manufacturing a light guide plate may be reduced or prevented.

Abstract: An optical element is manufactured by means of a mould by a replication technique including a mold that is manufactured from a ductile metal and is given a mold shape which corresponds to a pattern of sub-elements by means of a die having a die surface which corresponds to the optical sub-element and which is imprinted in the mold with a predetermined force in consecutive positions in accordance with the pattern. A workpiece holder fastened to the mold including a stepped chamber which is displaceable relative to the workpiece holder by a positioning device. The die surface imprints the sub-shape in the mold with a predetermined force substantially independent of a position occupied by the die during imprinting. The predetermined force plastically deforms the ductile metal exclusively at the area of the surface contact between the mold and the die.

Abstract: A method for surface treating a mandrel bar used for hot rolling of high-alloy seamless steel pipe is provided. The method includes heat treating the mandrel bar to develop a scale, and after heat treatment, rolling ordinary steel comprising 8% or less of chromium for at least 50 passes. This achieves a mandrel bar for rolling high-alloy steel possessing both durability and superior resistance to seizure.