Abstract: The present invention provides a rack for holding sample vials comprising: (i) a solid base; (ii) an upwardly extending wall around the perimeter of said base; (iii) a plurality of means for supporting a plurality of vials, each means for supporting one vial; and (iv) a means for draining liquid from said rack.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for separation analysis of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) by post-column fluorescence detection method. The apparatus is based on chromatography, and includes a column with a solid phase having affinity for phosphate, a flow path for the eluate, a heater installed on the flow path for M6P and a basic amino acid to react by heating the eluate in the flow path, and a fluorescence detector installed downstream of the heater for continuously irradiating the eluate with excitation light and measuring the intensity of the emission, and may include in the flow path a supply channel for addition of a basic amino acid between the column and the heater. The method is characterized in that it uses the apparatus and a second mobile phase consisting of a second buffer containing phosphate of predetermined concentration and adjusted to a predetermined pH.

Abstract: A parallel processing system for processing samples is described. In one embodiment, the parallel processing system includes an instrument interface parallel controller to control a tray motor driving system, a close-loop heater control and detection system, a magnetic particle transfer system, a reagent release system, a reagent pre-mix pumping system and a wash buffer pumping system.

Abstract: A sampler (10), in particular for use in testing the dissolution behavior of pharmaceutical products, wherein the sampler (10) comprises: a vial holder (20) for accommodating a plurality of vials (22a, 22b); a sampling needle assembly (30) with a plurality of sampling needles, wherein the sampling needle assembly (30) and the vial holder (20) may be moved relative to one another in such a way that the sampling needles of the sampling needle assembly (30) may be inserted into the vials of the vial holder (20); and a pump unit (40) with a plurality of diaphragm pumps (42a, 42b) which are designed to convey a fluid via the sampling needle assembly to the vials in the vial holder (20) and to withdraw a fluid therefrom.

Abstract: Certain embodiments described herein are directed to systems and methods that can be used to analyze species in a fluid stream. In some configurations, a sorbent tube effective to directly sample aromatics and/or polyaromatics in a fluid stream is described.

Abstract: A sample injector for liquid chromatography includes an injection valve having a waste port, two sample loop ports, and two high-pressure ports. One high-pressure port can be connected to a pump and the other high-pressure port can be connected to a chromatography column. A sample loop is connected to one of the sample loop ports on one end and to a pump volume of a sample conveying device on the other end. A section of the sample loop can be separated to facilitate receiving a sample fluid in the sample loop. A control unit controls the injection valve and the sample conveying device. The sample injector allows a sample to be loaded into the sample loop and then pressurized to an operating pressure prior to injecting the sample into the chromatography column. The sample loop may also be isolated from the operating pressure for facilitating depressurization of the loop.

Abstract: A sample injection method for liquid chromatography is performed with an injection valve having a waste port, two sample loop ports, and two high-pressure ports. One high-pressure port can be connected to a pump and the other high-pressure port can be connected to a chromatography column. A sample loop is connected to one of the sample loop ports on one end and to a pump volume of a sample conveying device on the other end. A section of the sample loop can be separated to facilitate receiving a sample fluid in the sample loop. A control unit controls the injection valve and the sample conveying device. The sample injector allows a sample to be loaded into the sample loop and then pressurized to an operating pressure prior to injecting the sample into the chromatography column. The sample loop may also be isolated from the operating pressure for facilitating depressurization of the loop.

Abstract: A high performance liquid chromatography method to routinely and reproducibly detect and quantitate metal complexes is provided. The metal complexes used in the method of the invention can be different metal complexes, or they can be stereoisomers of the same metal complexes. The high performance liquid chromatography method of the present invention is suitable for the separation of diastereomers of the same metal complexes. Also provided is a chiral high performance liquid chromatography method to separate enantiomers of metal complexes. Superoxide dismutase mimetic compounds are also provided.

Abstract: An analysis method is achieved in which pressure variation resulting from sample injection or passage switching by an autosampler does not exert an influence on the control of a liquid transfer pump. The liquid chromatograph analysis method comprises the steps of: transferring two or more types of eluents while changing a mixing ratio between the eluents; adjusting an amount of the transferred liquid within a predetermined time in a passage for the eluent transferred; injecting a sample in the passage; supplying to a separation column the eluent into which the sample is injected; separating a target component in the sample; and detecting the target component thus separated. In this method, control is exercised so as to synchronize a liquid transfer cycle of the eluent with the sample injecting operation and to implement the sample injecting operation at a timing rather than the pressure obtaining time.

Abstract: The dispersibility of soot in a lubricant formulation containing a dispersant is evaluated by (a) preparing a dispersion of carbon black in the lubricant formulation; (b) depositing a sample of the dispersed carbon black from step (a) onto a planar chromatography medium; (c) subjecting the sample of (b) to chromatographic conditions and (d) evaluating the extent of migration of the carbon black by comparing the density of darkening due to carbon black at pre-defined locations along the chromatography medium. The liquid mobile chromatography phase comprises a mixture of a liquid non-aromatic hydrocarbon portion having viscosity and boiling point less than that of an oil of lubricating viscosity; and an oil component comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and the dispersant or dispersants that are also contained within the lubricant formulation.

Abstract: This analysis method includes: subjecting a sample solution of a dye-containing sample in an organic solvent to normal-phase liquid chromatography to separate the sample solution and detect separated components. The normal-phase liquid chromatography involves (B1) using a separation column filled with a column packing material which is prepared by modifying a base material with a polar modifying group, and (B2) using as an eluent a polar organic solvent containing an acid.

Abstract: A mixing device for use in a chromatography system, the device includes an exterior housing having a first end and a second end and a hydraulic flow connector at the first end of the exterior housing. A cartridge including a chamber is enclosed within the exterior housing. The chamber has at least one wall defining an interior volume having a shape, wherein the shape of the interior volume creates a turbulent flow condition to mix at least two fluids and provide flow through the cartridge during operation of the chromatography system. The chamber also retains the sample, thereby ensuring that the sample is focused in the chamber such that a more narrow bolus of sample enters the chromatography column.

Abstract: A sample injector for liquid chromatography includes an injection valve having a waste port, two sample loop ports, and two high-pressure ports. One high-pressure port can be connected to a pump and the other high-pressure port can be connected to a chromatography column. A sample loop is connected to one of the sample loop ports on one end and to a pump volume of a sample conveying device on the other end. A section of the sample loop can be separated to facilitate receiving a sample fluid in the sample loop. A control unit controls the injection valve and the sample conveying device. The sample injector allows a sample to be loaded into the sample loop and then pressurized to an operating pressure prior to injecting the sample into the chromatography column. The sample loop may also be isolated from the operating pressure for facilitating depressurization of the loop.

Abstract: Method for verification of age-depth relationships of rocks in sedimentary basins by reconstructing the subsistence rate of samples, in which, by determining the precipitation depth and precipitation temperature of a carbonate precipitation, wherein by determining the precipitation depth and the precipitation temperature of the carbonate precipitation in the geological-history-determining sedimentary rocks, from which a sample is taken, a set point is fixed.

Abstract: An method for optimizing operation of an autosampler coupled to a liquid chromatography (LC) system comprises: reading, from electronic memory storage, a pre-injection time corresponding to the time required for the autosampler to perform operations preparatory to injecting a sample; calculating an autosampler delay time from the pre-injection time and from a sample analysis time; performing the autosampler operations preparatory to injecting the sample after delaying said autosampler operations for the autosampler delay time; measuring a time value for the preceding performing of autosampler operations; replacing the pre-injection time value stored on the electronic memory storage with the measured time value for the preceding performing of autosampler operations if the measured value is greater than the pre-injection time value stored on the electronic memory storage; and injecting the sample from the autosampler into the LC system after receipt of a signal from the LC system by the autosampler.

Abstract: In injecting a sample sucked into a sample loop in an autosampler from an injection needle into an analytical flow path via an injection port by a mobile phase, a sending flow rate of the mobile phase is reduced from a certain flow rate determined in an analysis condition to reduce pressure applied on a joint section between the needle and the injection port to thereby reduce the sample remaining in the injection port.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a chromatography system includes a microfluidic substrate having a fluidic channel configured as an analytical chromatographic column and a fluidic port on one side of the microfluidic substrate. The fluidic port opens at a head end of the analytical chromatographic column. A dried blood spot (DBS) collection device holds one or more dried biological samples. The DBS collection device is directly coupled to the microfluidic substrate whereby one of the biological samples is placed into fluidic communication with the fluidic channel of the microfluidic substrate and an extraction of that biological sample flows toward the head end of the analytical chromatographic column. A diluent source fluidically coupled to the fluidic port supplies a solvent to the head end of the analytical column to dilute the extracted biological sample before the biological sample flows into the analytical chromatographic column.

Abstract: A blood collection module includes a blood collection container that is coupled with a blood alcohol concentration detection device including an alcohol detection sensor having a detection probe that inhales an alcohol gas, and on one surface of which an inserting portion that is inserted by a detection probe of a blood alcohol concentration detection device is formed and on an outer surface of which blood inlet holes through which blood flows in are formed; and an absorption member that is provided in the blood collection container, to thus absorb examinee's blood that is introduced through the blood inlet holes, in which an alcohol gas generated from the blood absorbed by the absorption member is introduced into the alcohol detection sensor through the detection probe.

Abstract: A fluorescence spectrophotometer according to the present invention includes: a light source 1; a sample cell 3; an excitation-side light-dispersing system 2 for dispersing a light from the light source 1 and for casting a desired wavelength of light into the sample cell 3; an emission-side light-dispersing system 4 for dispersing a light emitted from the sample cell 3, the emission-side light-dispersing system 4 being located off an optical path of a transmitted light exiting from the sample cell 3 after being cast from the excitation-side light-dispersing system 2 into the sample cell 3; and a photodetector 5 capable of detecting, among the light from the emission-side light-dispersing system 4, an emission light having the same wavelength as the light cast from the excitation-side light-dispersing system 2 into the sample cell 3.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a chromatography system includes a first microfluidic substrate having a first fluidic channel. One end of the first fluidic channel terminates at a first fluidic port on a first side of the first microfluidic substrate and an opposite end of the first fluidic channel terminates at a second fluidic port on a second side of the first microfluidic substrate. A second microfluidic substrate has a second fluidic channel. One end of the second fluidic channel terminates at a first fluidic port on a first side of the second microfluidic substrate. The first side of the second microfluidic substrate abuts the second side of the first microfluidic substrate such that the fluidic port of the second microfluidic substrate aligns with one of the fluidic ports of the first microfluidic substrate and the alignment produces a fluidic path comprised of the first and second fluidic channels.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the asphaltene content of a downhole oil sample are provided. In one example, the method includes obtaining a hydrocarbon sample from a hydrocarbon formation of a reservoir at a given depth using a downhole tool. A liquid phase of the hydrocarbon sample is isolated within the downhole tool and the liquid phase is subjected to downhole analysis within the downhole tool to create a chromatography sample. The downhole analysis is based at least partially on size exclusion chromatography. A first property of the chromatography sample is measured to obtain a measured value, and a second property of the chromatography sample is estimated based on the measured value and known calibration curves.

Abstract: An automated analyzer for biological samples that contain particulate matter is adapted to be able to process a large number of samples without changing the analytical cartridge, and in many cases without changing the internal switching valves, by including a filter in the low-pressure section of the analyzer, and preferably configuring the analyzer to be able to perform backflushing on the filter between sample injections.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to ion-exchange chromatography. More particularly, the invention relates to compositions and methods that can substantially improve analytical sensitivity and/or selectivity of ion-exchange chromatography as well its efficiency and quality as a purification or preparation tool.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for determining the effectiveness of one or more asphaltene dispersant additives for inhibiting or preventing asphaltene precipitation in a hydrocarbon-containing material subjected to elevated temperature and pressure conditions.

Abstract: An evaluating apparatus includes a FP preparing part that prepares a target FP configured by peaks, retention time points and UV spectra thereof detected from a 3D chromatogram of a multicomponent drug that is an evaluation target at a specific wavelength.

Abstract: A liquid gas vaporization and measurement system, and associated method, for efficiently vaporizing a continuous sample of liquid gas, such as liquid natural gas (LNG), and accurately determining the constituent components of the gas. A constant flow of liquid gas sampled from a mass storage device is maintained in a vaporizing device. Within the vaporizing device the liquid gas is flash vaporized within heated narrow tubing. The liquid gas is converted to vapor very quickly as it enters one or more independently operating vaporizer stages within the vaporizing device. The vapor gas is provided to a measuring instrument such as a chromatograph and the individual constituent components and the BTU value of the gas are determined to an accuracy of within +/?0.5 mole percent and 1 BTU, respectively.

Abstract: A control device for a sample separation apparatus, the sample separation apparatus including a first separation unit and a second separation unit downstream of the first separation unit and supplied with the fluidic sample after treatment by the first separation unit. A control device is configured for controlling the first separation unit to execute a primary separation sequence within a time interval for separating the fluidic sample into fractions, and for controlling the second separation unit to execute secondary separation sequences within the time interval for further separating the separated fractions into sub-fractions, wherein the secondary separation sequences form part of a common sample separation method defined by a common specification of the sample separation involving a set of parameters, and adjusting, over a progress of the primary separation sequence, at least one parameter according to which at least one of the plurality of secondary separation sequences is executed.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to predicting the risk of developing diabetes in patients who currently do not have diabetes. The invention can involve obtaining a sample from a patient negative for diabetes, conducting an assay on the sample to obtain a level of a glycated albumin, and determining an elevated risk of developing a diabetic condition if the level exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for desolvating flowing liquid streams while retaining temporal resolution of dissolved substrates are disclosed. A novel small-scale self-regulating spray dryer preserves temporal resolution while desolvating a liquid chromatography eluent stream and depositing the solute onto an optical surface for infrared spectrographic analysis. The liquid eluent is pumped through a heated nebulizer to create a high-speed jet of solute containing liquid and solvent vapor. This jet is directed circumferentially inside a hot cylindrical cavity. Centrifugal force causes the larger liquid droplets to travel along the outer diameter of the cavity. The cavity surface is heated to cause the droplets to film boil. Film boiling reduces droplet contact with the cavity surface thereby retaining the solute in the droplets. The solute temperature is limited by controlling the pressure into which the solvent evaporates from the droplets.

Abstract: A liquid chromatographic system includes columns, column mounting fixtures to which the columns are mounted, a detector, a collector, a controller and a plurality of RFIDs. A first RFID communicates with the controller and cooperating RFIDs mounted to other components provide information such as the history of components, parameters and the like. They also receive information from sensors relating to the operation of the liquid chromatograph, store the information and transmit it. Moreover, the RFIDs may substitute for hard wiring in many applications and may enable a central computer to control several liquid chromatographic and environmental sample collectors.

Abstract: A sample injecting device is provided for reducing carryover. The sample injecting device includes the following mode: a needle is set at a low descending speed when sample is injected into an injection port in a total-volume injection manner by the sample injecting device. When the needle is in contact with the injection port, the needle is set at a low speed, thereby increasing the accuracy of the position of the needle relative to an injection hole and decreasing friction between the needle and the injection hole. Contaminants present in the injection hole are prevented from easily flowing from the injection hole into an analyzing flow path, so as to achieve an excellent low carryover.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for identifying the compounds contributing to urine odor emitting from an air conditioner, a method for artificially reproducing the detected urine odor, and preparing a corresponding urine odor composition. Through the analysis method of the present invention, the compounds contributing to the urine odor emitted from an air conditioner may be identified and quantified. The detected urine odor may be reproduced from a combination of the compounds identified by the analysis method of the present invention. The reproduced urine odor may provide meaningful data required for development of an apparatus and a method for removing specific odor.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides a sample injection system including a vacuum source, a conduit in communication with the vacuum source, a fluid sensor configured to detect the presence of the fluid in the conduit, a sample loop in communication with the conduit; and a sipper in communication with the sample loop.

Abstract: A system and method to generate a concentration gradient eluent flow are described. The concentration gradient eluent flow can include at least two different generants. A liquid can be pumped to an eluent generating device. A first controlling signal can be applied to a first eluent generator to generate a first generant. A second controlling signal can be applied to a second eluent generator to generate a second generant. Either the first and/or the second controlling signal can be varied as a function of time to generate the concentration gradient eluent flow.

Abstract: A method of extracting an analyte from a sample is described. The sample is added to a sample container. A liquid solvent and a gas are added into the sample container. The addition of the gas is controlled to establish an elevated pressure within the sample container. The liquid solvent is heated to an elevated temperature that is below the boiling temperature of the liquid solvent at the elevated pressure. A type of gas is used that does not transition to a supercritical fluid at the elevated temperature and pressure used in the extraction process. The analyte can dissolve from the solid sample into the liquid solvent. Next, at least a portion of the liquid solvent containing the dissolved analyte can be removed from the sample container for subsequent analysis.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, the invention is directed to a method of determining the nitrogen content in nitrocellulose by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It is within the scope of the invention for the sample of nitrocellulose to be unstable nitrocellulose, unrefined nitrocellulose, or refined nitrocellulose. The sample of nitrocellulose can wet or dry. A sample of nitrocellulose that is wet can be in acid or in water. Before HPLC, the sample is dissolved in a suitable solvent. The nitrogen content of the sample is determined by comparing the retention time of the sample to a graph of retention time to amount of nitrogen due to the linear correlation of retention time and percent nitrogen substitution.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, kits, and methods for purification and analysis of analytes having a broad range of hydrophobicities by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Using one set of liquid chromatography columns, one set of mobile phase buffers, and, optionally, a single ionization method (e.g., electrospray ionization), a wide range of analytes can be purified and analyzed on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system. LC-MS purification and analysis of analytes having a broad range of partition coefficients is accomplished by selecting LC run parameters and MS system parameters that are particular to different classes of analytes without having to make column or buffer changes or any other hardware configuration changes to the LC-MS system.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a portable housing and a plurality of separately operable microfluidic emitters disposed within the housing. Each microfluidic emitter h an inlet for receiving a liquid and an outlet for emitting a spray. Each microfluidic emitter is movable within the portable housing between a first position in which the outlet of that microfluidic emitter is fully retracted within the portable housing and a second position in which the outlet of that microfluidic emitter projects out of the portable housing. The portable housing with the multiple emitters is adapted to be detachably coupled to another housing portion. This housing portion includes a microfluidic substrate with a channel for transporting an eluent and an outlet aperture for emitting the eluent. The inlet of one of the emitters is detachably coupled to the outlet aperture of the microfluidic substrate.

Abstract: A liquid chromatography device includes a sample inlet valve to which a sample to be analyzed is introduced, and a trap valve fluid-communicating with a solid phase extraction column and a reverse phase liquid chromatography column. The device further includes a solvent dividing unit dividing flow of a solvent discharged from the sample inlet valve into the first solvent inlet port and the second solvent inlet port of the trap valve. The liquid chromatography device improves resolution and increases reproducibility by allowing the sample injecting direction and the sample eluting direction to be opposite to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel, simple and reliable methods for extraction of fat soluble vitamins (FSVs) from a sample matrix obtained from food products (e.g., vitamin-enriched foods and fortified food matrices) or biological samples. In certain aspects, the invention provides solid phase extraction (SPE) methods. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to two-step elution methods, which provide excellent recovery of all fat-soluble vitamins from complicated food matrices (such as, vitamin-enriched foods and fortified food products) or biological samples in a simultaneous manner. In certain embodiments, the invention uses OASIS® materials as sorbent beds for separating and/or extracting FSVs from the sample matrix.

Abstract: The invention provides improved methods and apparatus for fluid chromatography, and is particularly appropriate to high-pressure liquid chromatography carried out using eluent flow rates less than 1 ?l/minute, for example on nanoflow columns. In both single- and multi-dimensional chromatography systems, especially those comprising trapping media to facilitate injection of relatively large volumes of sample on to nanoflow columns, the on-line addition of a diluting solvent enables stronger eluents and sample solvents to be employed without causing premature release of analytes from the trapping media or the degradation of the second dimension chromatographic separation. The invention may be advantageously used for two-dimension reverse phase/reverse phase separations, especially for the separation of complex mixtures of peptides.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing an analyzing apparatus control system which is capable of appropriately setting the conditions of measurement in an analyzing apparatus which is connected to a chromatograph, in which one more measurement events are performed based on a reference chromatogram. This system includes a measurement time range setting section for setting, for each of all peaks or previously selected peak or peaks included in a previously provided reference chromatogram which corresponds to the sample to be examined, the width of a peak as the measurement time range of the peak when the peak does not overlap another peak, or, when the peak overlaps another peak, the overall width of the peak and the overlapping peak as the measurement time range of the peak.

Abstract: The invention provides improved methods and apparatus for multidimensional analysis, especially for multidimensional liquid chromatography. Methods and apparatus for the quantitative determination of one or more components comprised in a sample mixture are described. Methods and apparatus of the invention typically allow accurate quantitative determination of more components of the mixture than prior multidimensional methods. The invention is particularly useful for, but is not limited to the analysis of complex mixtures of peptides and proteins.

Abstract: A method and a system for generating an extraction sample from a dried sample spot. The method includes acquiring a spectroscopic image of an analyte in the spot. The spectroscopic image includes information on a spatial distribution of the analyte. A region of the spot to be extracted is determined from the spectroscopic image and an extraction sample is generated from the determined region. In other embodiments, the method and system are based on acquiring a spectroscopic measurement of an analyte in the dried sample spot, determining a quantity of the analyte in the spot based on the spectroscopic measurement and determining a volume of an extraction solvent for creating an extraction sample from the spot. The determined volume is based on the determined quantity of the analyte and a detection characteristic of an analytical measurement system. In other embodiments, the method is applied to solid samples.

Abstract: A liquid chromatography apparatus having: a column that adsorbs analysis components within a specimen; a plunger pump that feeds eluent A, that elutes the analysis components adsorbed at the column, in an amount greater than or equal to an amount needed for analysis of one specimen from a cylinder portion by a one-time pushing operation of a rod; a photometric unit that analyzes analysis components eluted by eluent A; an eluent loop that holds eluent B; a liquid feeding flow path that communicates the plunger pump and the column; and a first switching valve that switches the liquid feeding flow path to either of a first flow path, that causes eluent A to flow from the plunger pump to the column, and a second flow path, that causes eluent A to flow from the plunger pump through the first eluent holding loop to the column, is provided.

Abstract: A bubble reduction device, chromatography device, bubble reduction method and bubble reduction program capable of reducing bubbles in an eluent. Included are a liquid accommodation portion, a liquid supply apparatus, an air layer formation apparatus, a first channel and an evacuation portion. The liquid accommodation portion accommodates a liquid that is to elute an analysis component from a specimen adsorbed to an adsorption portion. The liquid supply apparatus, by operation of a rod pushing up and polling down, sucks and discharges the liquid through an aperture portion of a tube portion, the aperture portion being oriented upward. The air layer formation apparatus forms an air layer in the tube portion. The first channel connects the liquid supply apparatus with the liquid accommodation portion. The evacuation portion is connected to the first channel via a first switching valve and evacuates the air layer through the first channel.

Abstract: An electrolytic CO2-removal device for anion analysis of a liquid sample. The device includes a basic chamber and CO2-permeable tubing in the basic chamber. Anion exchange membranes are disposed on opposite sides of the basic chamber, and electrodes are disposed outside the membranes. The device can be integral with a suppressor in an ion chromatography system and/or an aqueous stream purifier. Also, methods performed by the device.

Abstract: For the simplified use of a test strip holder, a device having a holding or positioning device is provided, comprising a mixing chamber, a lid for closing the mixing chamber, and an obvious fluid opening for a fluid passage from the mixing chamber to the test strip holder. This allows for the test strip holder to be inserted into the device in a simple way and a sample can be prepared in the mixing chamber of the device. The device is provided with a mixing chamber that can be closed, wherein a reaction partner, for example a gold conjugate, can be dissolved in the sample for increasing the sensitivity of the test strip.

Abstract: A fitting element is configured for coupling tubing to a fluidic device having a receiving cavity configured for receiving the fitting element, where the tubing has an inner contact surface of a biocompatible material, the inner contact surface being configured to contact a fluid to be conducted by the tubing, and the receiving cavity having a receiving contact surface of a bio-compatible material. The fitting element includes a first sealing element of a bio-compatible material configured for sealing to the bio-compatible material of the inner contact surface of the tubing, and a second sealing element configured for sealing against a pressure ambient to a pressure of the fluid in the tubing. Upon coupling of the tubing to the fluidic device, at least a portion of the receiving contact surface, the first sealing element, and the second sealing element enclose an interspace, each surface of the interspace being a bio-compatible material.

Abstract: This invention relates to synthesis of (R),(R)-2,2?-bis-MNTX, as shown in Formula (I), and related methods and products.