Abstract: A stiffening agent is applied in liquid form to the fabric by screen printing. Thereafter the fabric is dried and further treated. The agent is contained above the screen in a sealed container. Means are provided for varying the pressure in the container to thereby vary the flow of the agent through the screen. The container can be compartmentized to provide different flow rates at different locations of the screen. Also, instead of a stiffening agent, there can be printed a dye in a like manner. The dye and stiffening agent can also be printed together in a mixture.

Abstract: The invention is in a process for dyeing and printing fibrous materials containing hydroxy groups, in particular materials such as cotton, linen, hemp, regenerated cellulose and mixtures of these fibers together with polyester or polyamide fibers. The invention is based on the discovery that water-soluble organic dyestuffs containing at least one phosphonic acid mono-fluoride group corresponding in the acid form to the formula ##STR1## and containing at least one ionic water-solubilizing group, can be fixed reactively to the fibrous material containing hydroxy groups under alkaline conditions.The dyeings and prints obtained by the process of the invention have a very even shade and are obtained in high intensity and color depth. They are fast to light and alkali and are distinguished by a very high fastness to washing, even in the alkaline range and at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A dyeing assistant for use in printing color on hydrophobic fibers which comprises one or more esters of aliphatic polyhydric alcohols having 2-8 hydroxyl groups with fatty acids of 6-22 carbon atoms or ethylene oxide adducts thereof (component I), and one or more ethylene oxide adducts of aliphatic monoamines or diamines of 8-40 carbon atoms or quaternary ammonium salts thereof (component II).

Abstract: Transfer printing process on textile material is described with the use of a printing ink having an organic-aqueous base, which printing ink contains, in addition to at least one binding agent, at least one organic solvent and, optionally, water, an aqueous preparation of transferable dyestuffs or optical brighteners that are insoluble to difficultly soluble in water and have a particle size of less than 10.mu., which preparation has a low content of dispersing agent and a high concentration of dyestuff or of optical brightener, characterized in that this preparation contains at least 10 percent by weight of water, at least 30 percent by weight of a finely dispersed transferable dyestuff or optical brightener insoluble to difficultly soluble in water, and a mixture consisting of at most 10 percent by weight of an anion-active dispersing agent, at most 5 percent by weight of a nonionic dispersing agent, and at most 35 percent by weight of a hydrotropic agent, as well as, optionally, further additives.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of concentrated formulations, which can be dispersed in aqueous media, in the form of free-flowing, low-dusting powders or granules starting from active substances which are sparingly soluble to insoluble in water, such as pigments, dyestuffs, optical brighteners, and other related types of additives.