Abstract: A material for a solid oxide fuel cell including a compound of Chemical Formula 1: BaaSrbCoxFeyM1-x?yO3-???Chemical Formula 1 wherein M represents at least one of a transition metal element or a lanthanide element, a and the b are in a range of 0.4?a?0.6 and 0.4?b?0.6, respectively, x and y are in a range of 0.6?x?0.9 and 0.1?y?0.4, respectively, and ? is selected so that the compound of Chemical Formula 1 is electrically neutral.

Abstract: A method of increasing the area of carbon nanotubes used in fabricating capacitors is described. The method involves reacting carbon nanotubes with electrically conductive ions, molecules or nanoparticles that increase the surface area of the nanotubes. The capacitance and the energy stored in the capacitor can be increased by such treatment. Devices constructed from such treated materials and their properties are described.

Abstract: A cathode active material precursor for a rechargeable lithium battery including hollow nanofibrous carbon may be a composite cathode active material precursor for a rechargeable lithium battery including hollow nanofibrous carbon; and a cathode active material precursor joined to the skeleton of the hollow nanofibrous carbon, wherein the cathode active material precursor includes a metal composite of Ma(PO4)b.nH2O (Formula 1-1) or M(OH)c.nH2O (Formula 1-2), and a composite cathode material for a rechargeable lithium battery may be made electrically conductive by including a carbon substance, and the outside or the inside of the hollow nanofibrous carbon as well is charged with an olivine type lithium phosphate cathode material. Consequently, it is possible to improve electrical conductivity, and to ensure a high capacity density suitable for high-capacity batteries since the cathode active material is charged on the inside of the hollow nanofibrous carbon as well without wasting any space.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions comprising conglomerated semiconductor nanocrystals, methods of making conglomerated semiconductor nanocrystals, and methods of using conglomerated semiconductor nanocrystals. Conglomerated semiconductor nanocrystals can be prepared by agitation in solutions comprising one or more nonpolar solvents, or by crosslinking to a variety of polymers. The invention also includes methods of preparing hydrophilic conglomerated semiconductor nanocrystals by enclosing them within a hydrophilic polymer “cage.” Conglomerated semiconductor nanocrystals are useful in a variety of fluorescence based detection systems.

Abstract: Methods of making reinforced membrane electrode assemblies are described. Catalyst coated free standing microporous layers and reinforced membrane electrode assemblies are also described.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to electrodes, electrical storage devices comprising the electrodes, and methods for producing the electrodes and electrical storage devices. The electrodes comprise a current collector, an electrically conductive mat, and a first and second electroactive material, the first electroactive material having a higher energy density than the second electroactive material, and the second electroactive material having a higher rate capability than the first electroactive material. The electrically conductive mat provides a structural and conductive support for at least one of the high-rate and high-energy electroactive materials. The electrodes can be provided in various configurations and be used in high-rate high-energy electrical storage devices to provide improved cycle life.

Abstract: A terrylene compound of formula I: wherein R1 to R4 are each independently an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, thiophenyl or oligothiophenyl group, or a hydrogen atom. Two adjacent radicals selected from R1 to R4, together with the carbon atoms of the benzene ring to which they are bonded, may also form a fused ring system having 1 to 8 additional rings. With the carbon atoms to which it is bonded, A forms a fused monocyclic, dicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, pentacyclic or hexacyclic ring system which optionally contains one or more independently selected substituents. A process for preparing the terrylene compound. An organic solar cell with a photoactive region including at least one organic donor material in contact with at least one organic acceptor material, the donor material and the acceptor material forming a donor-acceptor heterojunction, and the photoactive region including at least one such terrylene compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane having a construction wherein an ionomer is charged in pores of a nanoweb having a high melting point, being insoluble in an organic solvent and having excellent pore characteristics, under optimum conditions. Therefore, an overall thickness of the electrolyte membrane may be reduced, thereby attaining advantages such as decrease in ohmic loss, reduction of material costs, excellent heat resistance, low thickness expansion rate which in turn prevents proton conductivity from being deteriorated over a long term. The polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention comprises a porous nanoweb having a melting point of 300? or more and being insoluble in an organic solvent of NMP, DMF, DMA, or DMSO at room temperature; and an ionomer which is charged in pores of the porous nanoweb and contains a hydrocarbon material soluble in the organic solvent at room temperature.

Abstract: Methods and devices for an anode formed from coated carbon nanofibers are provided. The carbon nanofibers having a cone geometry are coated with a silicon layer and a protective silicon oxide layer. The resulting composite material is suitable for high-capacity electrodes in lithium ion batteries. The electrodes incorporating the coated carbon nanofibers have improved rate capacity and decreased initial cycle irreversibility.

Abstract: Disclosed are new semiconducting polymers. The polymers disclosed herein can exhibit high carrier mobility and/or efficient light absorption/emission characteristics, and can possess certain processing advantages such as solution-processability and/or good stability at ambient conditions.

Abstract: A cathode for use in a direct oxidation fuel cell (DOFC) comprises a gas diffusion medium (GDM) including a backing layer and a microporous layer comprising a fluoropolymer and an electrically conductive material, wherein loading of the fluoropolymer in the microporous layer is in the range from about 10 to about 60 wt. %. In use, a concentrated solution of a liquid fuel is supplied to an anode and an oxidant to the cathode of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell may be operated at a low oxidant stoichiometry ?c not greater than about 2.5.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a solid oxide fuel cell, the electrode assembly including a porous ceramic oxide matrix and an array of fluid conduits. The porous ceramic oxide matrix includes a labyrinth of reinforcing walls interconnected to one another. Each of the fluid conduits is formed from the porous ceramic oxide matrix and has an external surface with a plurality of struts projecting outwardly therefrom and an internal surface defining a first passage for flowing a first fluid therethrough. The struts are configured to connect the fluid conduits to one another and the external surfaces and the struts define a second passage around the fluid conduits for flowing a second fluid therethrough.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a hot carrier energy conversion structure, and a hot carrier energy conversion structure. The method comprises forming an energy selective contact ESC comprising a tunnelling layer; forming a carrier generation layer on the ESC; and forming a semiconductor contact without a tunnelling layer on the carrier generation layer.

Abstract: A negative electrode (10) for a lithium secondary battery, including a negative electrode collector (20), and a negative electrode active substance layer (30) that is supported on the negative electrode collector (20) and includes carbon nanowalls (32) which are formed on the negative electrode collector (20), and a negative electrode active substance (36) which is supported on the carbon nanowalls (32).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a hybrid device comprising: an energy converting unit comprising a first electrode, a second electrode and an energy converting medium arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the energy conversion takes place between the first electrode and the second electrode; an energy charge storing unit comprising a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte medium; wherein the energy charge is stored between the first and the second electrode; the second electrode of the energy converting unit and the second electrode of the energy charge storing unit being a shared electrode electrically connecting the energy converting unit and the energy charge storing unit; and wherein the shared electrode comprises a metal and a nanostructured material. The present invention is also directed to a method of manufacturing such a hybrid device.

Abstract: A fullerene derivative having two or more structures represented by the formula (1) can increase light absorption in a long wavelength range when used for an organic photovoltaic cell. In the formula (1), C1 and C2 represent carbon atoms constituting the fullerene skeleton. m represents an integer from 1 to 6, and n represents an integer from 1 to 4. p represents an integer of 0 or more, and R represents a monovalent organic group. Q represents a single bond, an arylene group, or a divalent heterocyclic group. When m is plurally present, these m may be the same or different from each other.

Abstract: A nanocomposite thermoelectric conversion material (100) includes a crystalline matrix (102) made of a thermoelectric conversion material; and phonon-scattering particles (108) dispersed in the crystalline matrix (102). Each phonon-scattering particle (108) includes at least one amorphous nanoparticle (106) coated with a crystalline film (104) having a nano-order thickness, and the crystalline structure of the crystalline film (104) is different from the crystalline structure of the thermoelectric conversion material.

Abstract: A bipolar plate for fuel cells includes a flow plate having a first surface for the introduction of hydrogen fuel gas and water vapor and a second surface for the introduction of an oxygen containing gas, wherein at least a portion of the first and/or second surface comprises a nanostructured carbon material (NCM) coating deposited thereon, said coating having a thickness of 1 nm to 5 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a solar cell having a multi-layered structure that is used to generate, transport, and collect electric charges. The multi-layered nanostructure comprises a cathode, a conducting metal layer, a photo-active layer, a hole-transport layer, and an anode. The photo-active layer comprises a tree-like nanostructure array and a conjugate polymer filler. The tree-like nanostructure array is used as an electron acceptor while the conjugate polymer filler is as an electron donor. The tree-like nanostructure array comprises a trunk part and a branch part. The trunk part is formed in-situ on the surface of the conducting metal layer and is used to provide a long straight transport pathway to transport electrons. The large contact area between the branch part and the conjugate polymer filler provides electron-hole separation.

Abstract: Provided is an organic photoelectric cell having excellent electrical characteristics. An organic photovoltaic cell (10) comprises: a pair of electrodes of a first electrode (32) and a second electrode (34); and an active layer (40) placed between the pair of electrodes, in which either one of the pair of electrodes comprises an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt, and a conductive material.

Abstract: An electrode for a lithium battery, which electrode includes an electrode active material which can charge and discharge lithium ions (A), a carbonaceous conductive additive (B) and a binder (C). The carbonaceous conductive additive contains carbon fiber, the carbon fiber including a mixture of two kinds of carbon fibers having different diameter distributions on a number basis; and the fiber diameter distribution of the carbon fiber in the electrode has one or more maximum values at 5-40 nm and at 50-300 nm, respectively. Also disclosed is a lithium battery using the electrode. The electrode enables production of a lithium battery having a reduced discharge capacity decline.

Abstract: There is provides a photoelectric conversion device material which can be used as an electrode buffer material for a solar cell or the like and can improve durability while maintaining the interaction with an electrode and mobility; a photoelectric conversion device using the photoelectric conversion device material; and a solar cell using the photoelectric conversion device. A photoelectric conversion device containing a buffer layer and an active layer, wherein the buffer layer contains a compound represented by the following general formula (I), the active layer contains an n-type semiconductor, and the n-type semiconductor is a compound having a solubility in toluene of 0.5% by weight or more at 25° C. and having an electron mobility of 1.0×10?6 cm2/Vs or more.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention contemplates a variety of methods and techniques for fabricating a carbon nanotube (CNT) signal modulator for reducing, eliminating, or enhancing the resonance interaction between photonic elements, and a photonic transmission device that may incorporate the signal modulator. These fabrication techniques can be used to create a nanoantennas, rectennas, and efficient solar energy devices. For example, a photonic collection device can include an array of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), CNTs, nanowires or other suitable conducting material, each having functional antenna forms that are capable of harvesting electromagnetic radiation and directing electrons to a rectifying barrier to generate a DC current. Each CNF in the array can have a diameter and length suitable to allow for the havesting electromagnetic radiation within a range of desired wavelengths.

Abstract: A carbon nanosphere has at least one opening. The carbon nanosphere is obtained by preparing a carbon nanosphere and treating it with an acid to form the opening. The carbon nanosphere with at least one opening has higher utilization of a surface area and electrical conductivity and lower mass transfer resistance than a conventional carbon nanotube, thus allowing for higher current density and cell voltage with a smaller amount of metal catalyst per unit area of a fuel cell electrode.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing lithium titanium oxide-based anode active material nanoparticles, and more particularly, a method for synthesizing lithium titanium oxide-based anode active material nanoparticles using a supercritical fluid condition is disclosed herein. The method may include (a) preparing a lithium precursor solution and a titanium precursor solution, (b) forming lithium titanium oxide-based anode active material nanoparticles by introducing the lithium precursor solution and titanium precursor solution into an reactor at a supercritical fluid condition, and (c) cleaning and drying the nanoparticles, and may further include (d) calcinating the nanoparticles at 500-1000° C. for 10 minutes to 24 hours after the step (c).

Abstract: The present invention provides a tunnel diode and a method for manufacturing thereof. The tunnel diode comprises a p-doped semiconductor region and an n-doped semiconductor region forming a pn-junction at least partly within a nanowire where semiconductor materials on different sides of the pn-junction are different such that a heterojuction is formed. The materials of the nanowire may be compound semiconductor materials. The heterojunction tunnel diode can be of type-I (Straddling gap), type-II (Staggered gap) or type-III (Broken gap).

Abstract: Some or all of the needs above can be addressed by embodiments of the invention. According to embodiments of the invention, systems and methods for facilitating hydrogen storage using naturally occurring nanostructure assemblies can be implemented. In one embodiment, a method for storing hydrogen can be provided. The method can include providing diatoms comprising diatomaceous earth or diatoms from a predefined culture. In addition, the method can include heating the diatoms in a sealed environment in the presence of at least one of titanium, a transition metal, or a noble metal to provide a porous hydrogen storage medium. Furthermore, the method can include exposing the porous hydrogen storage medium to hydrogen. In addition, the method can include storing at least a portion of the hydrogen in the porous hydrogen storage medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbonaceous nanocomposite including: a substrate; a graphene sheet formed on a top surface of the substrate in parallel with the substrate; and a carbonaceous nanomaterial provided on another surface of the graphene sheet, the nanomaterial having an aspect ratio of 2 to 75,000 to make a predetermined angle with the graphene sheet. The carbonaceous nanocomposite according to the present disclosure has excellent adhesivity to the substrate and can be attached to the substrate without undergoing a pasting process. Since a two-directional current flow is generated, the electrical resistance of the graphene and carbon nanotube is considerably reduced. In addition, the graphene allows the carbon nanotube to have a high current density and a high specific surface area, thereby accelerating a redox reaction. The excellent heat-radiating property of the graphene sheet allows fast transfer of heat generated in the carbon nanotube to outside, thereby avoiding degradation of the carbon nanotube.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a graphene thin film by reducing graphene oxide and a method for fabricating an optoelectronic device using the same are provided. The method for fabricating a graphene thin film comprises: (a) preparing graphene oxide; (b) preparing graphene through reducing the graphene oxide by a sulfonyl hydrazide-based reducing agent; (c) preparing a graphene dispersed solution by dispersing the graphene into an organic solvent; and (d) fabricating a graphene thin film by applying the graphene dispersed solution. The sulfonyl hydrazide-based reducing agent may be a compound having a sulfonyl hydrazide substituent of Chemical Formula 1 in the present disclosure in which A may be any one in Chemical Formula 2 in the present disclosure.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar cell including a first electrode, a negative photoelectrode on the first electrode, a light scattering layer on a surface of the negative photoelectrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode with the negative photoelectrode and the light scattering layer therebetween, and an electrolyte between the first electrode and the second electrode. The light scattering layer includes a titanium dioxide nano wire and a titanium dioxide nano particle.

Abstract: A transparent photovoltaic cell and method of making are disclosed. The photovoltaic cell may include a transparent substrate and a first active material overlying the substrate. The first active material may have a first absorption peak at a wavelength greater than about 650 nanometers. A second active material is disposed overlying the substrate, the second active material having a second absorption peak at a wavelength outside of the visible light spectrum. The photovoltaic cell may also include a transparent cathode and a transparent anode.

Abstract: Devices and methods are described for more effectively collecting solar energy, including both visible and non-visible electromagnetic radiation to be converted into electrical energy. For example, a nanotube/nanowire device, comprising an electrical contact layer, semi-conductive layer, insulating layer, source electrode, drain electrode and semi-conducting nanotubes/nanowires can be used to collect solar energy from the UV to the infrared electromagnetic spectrum. Another example comprises a device that is capable of adjusting its frequency response to maximize power output according to the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation present. These devices and related methods are useful, for example, to provide an alternative electrical energy source, harness unused renewable energy, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, counteract global warming, and provide a carbon neutral energy source.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst composition comprising an intermetallic phase comprising Pt and a metal selected from either Nb or Ta, and a dioxide of the metal. Also provided is a low temperature method for making such compositions that results in the formation of intermetallic phase with small crystallite size and thus greater mass activity. In particular, a Pt3Nb—NbO2 catalyst composition can be prepared that is useful as a fuel cell catalyst and offers a very stable chemical substrate along with good electrode activity and remarkable durability. The use of Pt3Nb—NbO2 can considerably prolong fuel cell lifetime by reducing Pt dissolution levels and subsequent voltage losses. The Pt3Nb—NbO2 can be used in the cathode and/or anode of a fuel cell.

Abstract: Embodiments include an iron-air rechargeable battery having a composite electrode including an iron electrode and a hydrogen electrode integrated therewith. An air electrode is spaced from the iron electrode and an electrolyte is provided in contact with the air electrode and the iron electrodes. Various additives and catalysts are disclosed with respect to the iron electrode, air electrode, and electrolyte for increasing battery efficiency and cycle life.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a cathode, which comprises mixing: (A) sulfur, (B) carbon in an electrically conductive polymorph and (C) at least one saccharide selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, which is soluble or swellable in an acidic aqueous medium, and applying the resulting mixture to a flat carrier (D) and then optionally drying it.

Abstract: A variety of compositions that include a metal oxide, films and batteries comprising one or more of the compositions, and methods of making the same.

Abstract: A secondary lithium battery having an anode comprising graphene nanosheets doped with a doping element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, boron, sulfur, phosphorous and combinations thereof. The secondary lithium battery and the anode provide capacity and other performance without degradation during long term charge and discharge cycling.

Abstract: The present invention provides composite anodes comprising particles composed of silicon and lithium silicate, active and inactive anode materials, and binders, for lithium rechargeable batteries, wherein the particles composed of silicon and lithium silicate are prepared via treating silicon particles with lithium hydroxide in a wet process. Cycle life and characteristics and capacity of a secondary battery adopting the composite anode can be greatly improved.

Abstract: A composite light converter for polycrystalline silicon solar cell and silicon solar cell using the converter includes a composite light converter disposed on the surface of a polycrystalline solar cell and connected by the electrode ribbon; upper and lower ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) sheets disposed such that the solar cell and the composite light converter are disposed between the EVA sheets; a low iron tempered glass disposed on the upper EVA sheet to transmit light; and a back sheet disposed under the lower EVA sheet and formed of a fluorine film or a PET film. Here, the composite light converter is a polymer binder containing light-emitting components, in which a polymer layer is formed on the surface of a polycrystalline silicon wafer comprising an electrode; the polymer layer is formed of two types of nano inorganic components that are active filling materials inside the converter.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate, a doping layer, a quantum well layer, a first passivation layer, a second passivation layer, a first electrode and a second electrode. The semiconductor substrate has a front surface and a back surface, and the front surface of the semiconductor substrate includes nano-rods. The doping layer covers the surface of the nano-rods. The electrode layers cover the doping layer. The quantum well layer having at least one first doping region and at least one second doping region is disposed on the semiconductor substrate. The quantum well layer includes polycrystalline silicon germanium (Si1-xGex). The first passivation layer and the second passivation layer cover the first and the second doping regions of the quantum well layer, respectively. The first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected to the first doping region and the second doping region of the quantum well layer, respectively.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an electrode material which enables the production of an electricity storage device that has a large discharge capacity, and suffers minimal voltage drop due to resistance even when discharge is performed at a large electric current; a method for producing the electrode material; and an electricity storage device that exhibits both high energy density and high output characteristics, and an electricity storage device is produced which uses, as an electrode, a polymer radical material-activated carbon-conductive material composite, prepared by adding dropwise, or pouring, a raw material solution, in which a polymer radical material having a radical partial structure in a reduced state is dissolved or swollen and an activated carbon and a conductive material are dispersed or dissolved, into a solution in which the polymer radical material, the activated carbon and the conductive material do not dissolve or swell, thus obtaining a precipitate containing the polym

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an anode for a direct methanol fuel cell includes an anode catalyst layer containing a noble metal catalyst and a proton-conductive polyelectrolyte. A log differential pore volume distribution curve measured by a mercury intrusion porosimetry of the anode catalyst layer has a peak within a pore diameter range of 0.06 to 0.3 ?m and satisfies the following relationship: 0.5?(V1/V0)?0.9 wherein V0 is a cumulative pore volume of pores having a diameter of from 0.02 to 1 ?m, as measured by a mercury intrusion porosimetry, and V1 is a cumulative pore volume of pores having a diameter of from 0.02 to 0.2 ?m, as measured by a mercury intrusion porosimetry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for preparing carbon-coated lithium-iron-phosphate particles, wherein the carbon-coated lithium-iron-phosphate particles have a mean (d50) particle size of 10 to 150 nm, and wherein the carbon-coating is an acetylene-black coating, comprising performing in a reactor a flame-spray pyrolysis step (i) in a particle formation zone of the reactor, and a carbon-coating step (ii) in a carbon-coating zone of the reactor, wherein in (i) a combustible organic solution containing a mixture of lithium or a lithium compound; iron or an iron compound; and phosphorus or a phosphorous compound in an organic solvent, is fed through at least one nozzle where said organic solution is dispersed, ignited and combusted, to give a flame spray thereby forming an aerosol of lithium iron phosphate particles; (ii) acetylene gas is injected into said aerosol thereby forming an acetylene-black coating on the lithium iron phosphate particles; (iii) the coated particles are cooled by an iner

Abstract: Disclosed are a thermoelectric device based on silicon nanowires including: a substrate; a silicon heat absorbing part absorbing heat, a silicon nanowire leg transferring heat, and a silicon heat releasing part releasing heat, which are formed on the substrate; and an insulating film with at least one or more holes, which is formed on the substrate including the silicon heat absorbing part, the silicon nanowire leg, and the silicon heat releasing part, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: There are provided a conductive paste composition for a termination electrode, and a multilayer ceramic capacitor including the same and a manufacturing method thereof. The conductive paste composition includes 100 parts by weight of conductive metal powder and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of ceramic powder having an average particle size of 50 to 500 nm. The conductive paste composition described above may achieve a high firing density even in the case that it is used in the manufacturing of a thin film, and inhibit the occurrence of blisters, a delamination failure of the termination electrode during calcination of the electrode, thereby producing a compact and thin film.

Abstract: An electrode for lithium ion batteries, the electrode having a metal film which is inert to lithium ions and having a plurality of silicon nanowires protruding from the film, which are arranged on at least one flat side of the film, wherein sections of the nanowires are enclosed by the metal film.

Abstract: Nanoparticles comprising zinc, methods of manufacturing nanoparticles comprising zinc, and applications of nanoparticles comprising zinc, such as electrically conducting formulations, reagents for fine chemical synthesis, pigments and catalysts are provided, and more particularly, a coating, comprising a nanomaterial composition comprising zinc and at least one metal other than zinc, wherein the at least one metal comprises an element that (a) has an oxidation state higher than an oxidation state of zinc and that (b) dopes zinc in the nanomaterial composition, and wherein the coating has an electrical conductivity greater than 0.0001 mhos·cm.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a laminate type electronic component, while the distance between adjacent exposed ends of a plurality of internal electrodes is adjusted preferably to be about 50 ?m or less, a plurality of conductive particles composed of Pd, Pt, Cu, Au, or Ag are provided on the surface of a component main body. The conductive particles have an average particle size of about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm, which are distributed in island-shaped configurations over the entire surface of the component main body, while the average distance between the respective conductive particles is adjusted to fall within the range of about 10 nm to about 100 nm. The component main body is subjected to electrolytic plating such that plating growth develops in and around a region including the respective exposed ends of the plurality of internal electrodes.

Abstract: A thin-film photovoltaic device includes a semi-transparent back contact layer. The semi-transparent back contact layer includes a semi-transparent contact layer and a semi-transparent contact interface layer. The thin-film photovoltaic device may be formed in a substrate or superstrate configuration. A tandem thin-film photovoltaic device includes a semi-transparent interconnect layer. The semi-transparent interconnect layer includes a semi-transparent contact layer and a semi-transparent contact interface layer.

Abstract: The invention is directed, in an embodiment, to an inherently conductive polymer comprising a conductive polymer, carbon nanotubes, and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid. The conductive polymer may comprise polyaniline. The invention is also directed to polymeric films and supercapacitors comprising the inherently conductive polymer.