Abstract: A spray gun is connected to a source of pressurized liquid. In one aspect, the worker positions the nozzle of the spray gun into the bowl, adjacent the lower, interior edge of the rim, and aims the liquid outlet of the spray gun toward the primary interior surface of the bowl adjacent the lip of the rim. The worker then rotates the spray gun in a radial manner about the bowl, with the liquid outlet of the spray gun oriented toward the primary interior surface of the bowl adjacent the lip of the rim, while spraying a liquid through the liquid outlet of the spray gun. The worker may rest the spray gun nozzle against the lower, interior edge of the rim during the rotating step, thereby using the lower, interior edge as a guide to facilitate directional control of the liquid being sprayed from the spray gun.

Abstract: A sanitary system including a toilet adapted for use in a recreational vehicle, and a recreational vehicle including the toilet and sanitary system.

Abstract: A dual flush-volume toilet system is disclosed, wherein the toilet system includes a low volume flush valve configured to flush a first, lesser volume of water, a high volume flush valve configured to flush a second, greater volume of water, a low volume flush handle configured to open the low volume flush valve, and a high volume flush handle configured to open the high volume flush valve. At least one of the low volume flush handle and the high volume flush handle includes indicia configured to indicate to the user which of the high volume flush valve and the low volume flush valve is opened by the flush handle having the indicia.

Abstract: A toilet includes a toilet bowl assembly having a toilet bowl and a trapway extending from the bottom of the toilet bowl to a sewage line. The toilet bowl has a rim channel provided along an upper perimeter portion thereof. In this toilet, the flush water flows through the rim channel in a path which is asymmetric and unidirectional along the entire perimeter portion thereof. The rim channel includes a plurality of rim openings distributed evenly along the perimeter of the rim channel. Flush water passing through the plurality of rim openings pre-wets the entire perimeter of the toilet bowl. The rim channel further includes a pair of water discharge slots which directs water directly into the toilet bowl in two powerful streams. The flush valve allowing passage of water from the water tank to the toilet bowl assembly is in the form of a valve inlet having a radiused port to generate greater energy throughput of the flush water.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a secondary source of water upstream of a standard flushometer-type valve. The adapter comprises a water inlet, a primary outlet for supplying water to the flush valve and respectively to the toilet, and a secondary outlet for providing a source of water which may be used to rinse out bed pans in the vicinity of the toilet. The water flow to the secondary outlet is independent of that to the primary outlet, providing for less waste of water during use of the secondary source.

Abstract: A sanitary system including a toilet adapted for use in a recreational vehicle, and a recreational vehicle including the toilet and sanitary system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to plumbing for toilet tanks, and more specifically provides an alarm system for indicating a failure mode in a toilet tank's operation. One preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes a floating magnet and sensors positioned near the top and bottom of the tank which activate an alarm when the magnet becomes sufficiently close to either sensor. The alarm can be audible or visual. In other preferred embodiments, the alarm closes the tank inlet valve or the tank exit valve to control normal operations, or to correct malfunctions.

Abstract: A collection device residing in an exterior environment for depositing refuse for disposal with the refuse material removed from a surface and then deposited into the collection device using a pressurized fluid flow to dispose of the refuse material by transferring the refuse material and the fluid to a sewer system. The collection device includes a pedestal body with a first end, a second end, and an internal void. Also included is a receptacle with a base, a surrounding sidewall extending from the base to define a receptacle interior separated from the exterior environment, the sidewall terminates in an opening forming a receptacle rim. The sidewall has a sidewall aperture adjacent to the opening, that receives fluid flow from a nozzle located in the exterior environment positioned to direct the pressurized fluid to flow from the nozzle into the sidewall aperture over an open gap.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a wireless auto flusher, including a small-sized water power generator mounted between the water inlet and the water outlet of the auto flusher. The water flow may drive the small-sized water power generator to charge the charging battery through the steady pressure of the steady pressure charging circuit, there providing an electric power to the controller without power supply, so as to sense or receive and transmit a signal to the pulse electromagnetic valve, such that the pulse electromagnetic valve may act and operate, thereby saving energy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water supplying and draining apparatus for preventing water leakage. A feed pipe supplies water, which is introduced from an outside water source to the toilet bowl. A reservoir tank receives the washing water, the reservoir being made of an extendable and contractible material, the reservoir having a plurality of branch pipes. A valve opens an opening or shuts the branch pipes in order to provide the water, which is supplied from the outside water source through the feed pipe, to the branch pipe. An expandable protecting cover attaches to an outer surface of the reservoir tank, wherein the other ends of the branch pipes fluidly connects with the valve which is arranged at positions outside of the reservoir tank. One end of the feed pipe fluidly connects with the toilet bowl and the other end of the feed pipe communicates with the valve. One end of the exhaust pipe fluidly connects with the valve and the other end of the exhaust pipe fluidly connects with the toilet stool.

Abstract: A flush toilet 1 has a toilet flushing tank device 7 for discharging flushing water to a toilet bowl 2. This tank device is built into a tank storage region 5 to the rear of the toilet bowl 2, and comprises a flushing water tank 8 and a jet pump 13 disposed submerged in this flushing water tank 8. Flushing water (operating water) is supplied to this jet pump 13 via a flush valve 11 and a pipe 12 downstream from this valve. The jet pump 13 comprises a spray nozzle 131 and a throat 132 opposite thereto. Because the jet pump 13 is connected directly to a pipe 14, all of the flushing water jetted from the jet pump 13 passes directly to the pipe 14, and is guided by this pipe 14 to a rim water channel 4b.

Abstract: A toilet device includes one or more toilets, and a displayer device disposed above each of the toilets for displaying photo images or video programs or the like, while the users are using the toilets. The displayer device may include a screen for displaying the photo image or the video program from such as the tape or compact disc displayer. A processor unit may receive and send the radio or video signals to the displayer device. A detector may be used to detect the users and to actuate the displayer device and to flush the toilets.

Abstract: An apparatus for shock-like flushing in a fluid system, comprising an accumulating or blocking element (13) which upon supply of fluid from an inlet (2) is adapted to be set from a normal position to a flushing position where accumulated fluid flows through an outlet (14) to a following section of the fluid system, and to subsequently be reset to normal position. The blocking element comprises a canal, duct or pipe member (13) with a rotational portion (17) at an upstream end and with a normal position for blocking and accumulating fluid in the canal, duct or pipe member (13). The blocking element is kept at an inclination in the normal position by means of a spring or weight load (15) until a certain level of accumulated fluid is attained. Further, the blocking element can be lowered to the flushing position. The spring or weight load (15) is adapted to bring the blocking element (13) back from the flushing position to normal inclined position when a certain low fluid level is attained.

Abstract: A toilet system controller including a toilet bowl having at the bottom a discharge opening. A treating chamber has an intake opening connected to the discharge opening of the bowl. A macerator and discharge pump are located in the treating chamber, with the discharge pump discharging treated effluent to a waste pipe. A motor is operably connected to the macerator and discharge pump for effecting simultaneous operation of the macerator and discharge pump. A valve connects the toilet bowl to a source of water in order to admit water to the bowl to flush the bowl. A timer regulates operation of the motor and the valve during a flushing cycle. The flushing cycle is initiated by operation of the motor starting at time zero and continues for five seconds, followed by opening of the valve starting at time zero plus one and one half seconds and continuing for six and one half seconds.

Abstract: The present invention is a portable sanitation device comprising a stall that houses and maintains a conventional toilet. Coupled to the toilet is a water source and coupled to the stall is a removable and separate septic tank. The water source will render a flushable unit that permits the waste to travel from the toilet to a separate and removable septic tank. Other features can be added for enhancing the present invention, such as, but not limited to: a sink coupled to the water source; a light source interiorly and/or exteriorly located; a urinal coupled to the water source; a tissue dispensing apparatus; a soap dispenser; a vent; shower head coupled to the water source; a capacity gauge coupled to the septic tank; and a by-pass valve located within the waste line of the toilet to the septic tank for enabling capability of by-passing the septic tank and tapping into an existing sewage line.

Abstract: Image sensors, processors, and control systems facilitate automatic sensor operated bathroom fixtures, systems for controlling bathroom fixtures, and methods of bathroom fixture design, control, and management, as well as the control and management of hygiene and water resources. The networked plumbing systems also help facility managers and law enforcement personnel monitor the operation of various bathrooms in a facility or at remote facilities. Image sensors are used for controlling several showers, faucets, urinals, or water closets in large bathroom complexes. Image based intelligent bathroom fixtures and systems help enhance the privacy of users by ensuring that law abiding users need not be disturbed by police foot patrols into the restroom areas, or by security guards entering simply to make inspections. An aquionics bathroom control system of the invention maintains the cleanliness, safety, security, and privacy of the occupants in a smart bathroom environment.

Abstract: In fuller detail, the present invention relates to a thermo-evaporative type toilet system designed so that the excrement collected from the toilet is treated with effective microorganisms and heated for evaporation to generate vapors, with the stench being removed from said vapors and the water recovered from the vapors being purified for reuse as purified water.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for selecting either potable water or seawater as flush water for marine sanitary toilets. The apparatus may be designed to be electrically or manually operated. Check valves and vaccum breaker prevent contamination or waste of the potable water supply.

Abstract: A system for providing a home health care service includes a health care center, a service recipient device, and the Internet that connects these components. The health care center: is constructed on the Internet; includes a database for registering personal data that are necessary for the health care of registered at-home patients as basic health care data and storing measurement data that are provided from at-home patients over the course of time; and has the functions of inferring the health conditions of at-home patients based on the measurement data as well as the basic health care data and offering services necessary for health care or services appropriate for inferred health conditions, to at-home patients. The service recipient device includes a biosensor and a signal processor. The biosensor detects chemical components contained in a substance that is discharged from the human body and converts detected values to electrical signals at the point of discharge.

Abstract: Pressure from the input water line (26) holds a toilet's flush-valve member (12) in its seat so as to prevent water in the toilet tank (16) from flowing through flush ports (18) and a flush conduit (22) into the toilet bowl or urinal. To release water through the flush conduit (22) a solenoid (42) is actuated to relieve the pressure acting on the flush-valve (12) so that a bias spring (24) lifts the flush-valve (12) off its seat (14). A solenoid (118) for performing this function can be located remotely from the flush-valve assembly and communicate with it by a hydraulic line (108).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a flush valve mounted holder having a closed bottom and an open top, the closed bottom configured to replace the cover of a flush valve having a flush valve cover in a commercial sanitary fixture such as a urinal or toilet, the holder comprising a base positioned to form the closed bottom of the holder, the base having threads positioned thereon for connecting to the flush valve, to thereby mount the holder on the flush valve in place of the flush valve cover, and a body connected to the base and positioned to form the open top of the flush valve mounted holder, the body having a shape suitable for holding at least one item for a person.

Abstract: A sanitary toilet system with an integral water supply and manual flush assembly for a recreational vehicle in which a flush water supply tank is provided adjacent a recreational vehicle wall with an inlet extending through the wall, thus eliminating plumbing within the vehicle between a water inlet and the supply tank. A manually operated piston pump is provided in which a clearance exists between the piston and the pump cylinder allowing water to flow past the piston during operation of the pump. This reduces the forces necessary to operate the pump in comparison to a piston in sealing relation to the cylinder.

Abstract: Flushing system for a flushing toilet, comprising a built-in frame (14); a container (10) for the intermediate storage of a predeterminable quantity of water of preferably about 5 to 10 L; and a mounting (18) for a toilet bowl or a urinal, wherein the built-in frame (14) has installation elements (12), which are designed for an installation at the walls of a 90.degree.-room corner; the mounting (18) is provided on the built-in frame (14); the width (B) of the built-in frame is substantially only determined by the rear width of the toilet bowl; and the shaping of the container (10) is matched to the space which is present through the installation of the built-in frame in a 90.degree.-room corner.

Abstract: A battery system for an electric motor-powered marine vessel toilet is disclosed. The battery system comprises a mounting cradle and a battery having power contacts, the battery being detachably mounted to the mounting cradle. The mounting cradle includes cradle contacts for mating with the contacts of the battery, output contacts for providing power to the motor of the marine vessel toilet, auxiliary contacts for receiving power from an auxiliary power source; and a switch for connecting the output contact to one of the cradle contacts and the auxiliary contacts for supplying power to the motor via the output contacts.

Abstract: A technologically advanced portable toilet has a purifying agent producing/supplying device built into a periphery of a toilet bowl. Due to an ozone producing mechanism, a tank assembly, and a bubble generating tank, which are provided by this purifying agent producing/supplying device, when an upper cover of the toilet is opened, a purifying agent that is an aggregate of ozone-containing bubbles is supplied to an inside of the toilet bowl. As a result, a superior odor-extinguishing effect can be obtained.

Abstract: A splash shield for a toilet for preventing urine and waste from splashing out of a toilet bowl. The splash shield for a toilet includes an annular main portion designed for mounting below a rim of a toilet bowl. The main portion has upper and lower sides and front and back ends. The main portion has a bore extending through it. The bore is in communication with a source of pressurized air. The main portion has a plurality of vent holes extending into the bore from an inner perimeter of the main portion.

Abstract: A fluid circulation system is disclosed, comprising a bidirectional motor, a first housing having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, a second housing having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, a fluid holding device coupled between the fluid outlet of the first housing and the fluid inlet of the second housing, a drive shaft operatively coupled to the motor to be driven by the motor, the drive shaft extending from the motor into the first and second housings and a first fluid transfer device mounted on the drive shaft within the first housing. The first fluid transfer device is operative to transfer fluid from the fluid inlet of the first housing, through the fluid outlet of the first housing and into the fluid holding device when the motor drives the drive shaft in a first direction.

Abstract: A stowable and deployable toilet arrangement provides a moveably configured toilet that may be deployed by a user, used, and subsequently stowed into an alcove until next required for use. The toilet includes a discharge port for discharging wastes from the toilet. The discharge port is coupled by an extendible discharge tube that is coupled to a suitable waste receiving repository such as a cesspool or a sewer system. A friction reducing arrangement is included to enable the toilet to be easily rolled from a stowed position to a deployed position, and visa versa. The toilet arrangement may also include a linear actuator to automatically deploy or stow the toilet when a user activates a switch.

Abstract: A sanitary unit such as a child's potty or a commode for the elderly or infirm, includes a container (13) for receiving human waste. A seat (24) is arranged relative to the container such that waste from a person sitting on the seat is received in the container. A water reservoir (10) communicates with the container by way of a valve (12). A valve actuator is responsive to the weight of a person sitting on the seat so as to open the valve and to release water from the reservoir into the container in response to a person sitting on the seat.

Abstract: A flush pot assembly having a pot which is concealed when it is not being used. The pot can be easily accessed for use and washed with washing water after use even by a disabled person or a hospital patient. The flush pot assembly includes a pot connected to a flexible drain hose for passing washing water. The pot is provided such that it is integral with a back surface of a door. The door can be opened and closed and constitutes part of one side of a room. The flexible drain hose is connected between the pot and a drain pipe which leads to the outside of the room. The pot is moved into the room by opening the door and is accommodated in a space outside the room by closing the door.

Abstract: Raw sewage, toilet paper or foreign matter is prevented from being stuck to an inner bowl of a stool by air bubbles. A cleaning mechanism of the stool comprises an outer cover which has an upper opening and can store cleaning liquid therein, an inner bowl accommodated inside the outer cover and a ring-shaped upper cover which contacts the upper end of the outer cover. An upper end peripheral edge of the inner bowl is spaced from the outer cover and upper cover and air is spouted from air discharge bodies provided at the bottom of the outer cover so that the air discharge bodies generate air bubbles which agitate the cleaning liquid so as to generate bubbles which stick to the entire surface of the inner wall of the inner bowl.

Abstract: A vacuum sewer system comprises a liquid-driven ejector, the working medium of which is fed to the ejector by a circulation pump from a sewage collecting container, the suction side of the ejector being connected via a check valve to a vacuum sewer network. Air and sewage delivered through the sewer network flow through the ejector into the collecting container. The bore of the discharge pipe of the ejector is substantially cylindrical throughout. Its length is 8 to 20, preferably 10 to 15, times the diameter of its bore and the pipe discharges directly into the open interior of the collecting container.

Abstract: A flush toilet stool includes a toilet bowl and a trap drainage passage connected to the toilet bowl. The toilet bowl has a water jet hole defined in a bottom region thereof and opening toward the trap drainage passage. A pressurizing unit such as a water pump is coupled to the water jet hole for drawing water under lower pressure directly from an external water supply and expelling the water under higher pressure through the water jet hole toward the trap drainage passage to develop a siphon flow to discharge sewage from the toilet bowl through the trap drainage passage.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for providing artificial sounds in the vicinity of a toilet. It includes a housing attachable in the vicinity of a toilet and an electronic sound system which is contained within the housing and is activatable by a user of the toilet so as to block out the noise of eliminating. The sound system includes a speech processing microprocessor for providing an electronic signal representing a desired sound. A memory storage device is connected to the speech processing microprocessor for electronically storing a digital representation of the desired sound to be processed by the speech processing microprocessor. A counter is connected to the memory storage device. The counter has a clock for generating an address for the speech processing microprocessor. A variable resister is attached to the speech processing microprocessor for controlling a rate of the clock, and thereby controlling the quality of the desired sound.

Abstract: A valve used in a sewage handling system allows outer casing components to be disconnected from each other while both of the fluid transporting or retaining components that are connected to the valve remain sealed from the environment when the valve is in a closed position. Yet, the valve can be operated by simple rotation of a single actuator. For example, the valve connects a conduit connected to a toilet with a sewage holding tank. The valve includes first and second connecting parts of an outer casing which are circular cross section housed cylinders with one end perpendicular to the axis of elongation of the cylinder and the second end forming an oval face disposed at an angle of about 35.degree.-55.degree. to the axis of elongation.

Abstract: A modified flush toilet adapted to process solid human waste into a recyclable product. The toilet has a bowl with a chamber under it for receiving the waste flushed thereinto. A rotatable filter disk is mounted in the chamber. This filter disk allows the liquid waste to pass through and retains the solid waste. An electric heater is provided to convert from time to time the solid waste accumulated onto the disk into dry granules which may be blown into a bag and subsequently used as a fertilizer. A heavy duty disposal unit may also be incorporated into the toilet to treat other bathroom and household waste. The unit communicates with the chamber through a pipe.

Abstract: A pneumatic assisted flush system for toilets having a raised water storage tank and a flush valve discharging into a toilet bowl, characterized by a primary air seal at the rim of the toilet bowl and a secondary air seal established in a flush passage during flushing, whereby the toilet bowl is converted into a closed chamber for the entrapment of air compressed by the discharge of flush water, thereby depressing debris laden water in the toilet bowl in order to initiate syphoning through a flush pipe and into a sewer.

Abstract: A water closet with a tilting cover acting as a bowl includes one mobile portion forming a bowl for receiving solid and liquid matter and pivoting around a horizontal axis and able by rotating through approximately 180.degree. to occupy two positions, namely one position for the bowl receiving the matter and the other position when the bowl is upturned and with one fixed portion disposed under the bowl and into which the contents of the bowl is emptied when the latter passes from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: A water closet flushing apparatus provided with a pressure detector mounted along a water supply pipe, an opening and closing apparatus to open and close a water supply passage provided along the water supply pipe and a control apparatus that uses the pressure detected by the pressure detector to control the opening and closing operation of the opening and closing apparatus so that a predetermined amount of water is supplied to the water closet.

Abstract: A water closet flushing apparatus provided with a pressure detector mounted along a water supply pipe, an opening and closing apparatus to open and close a water supply passage provided along the water supply pipe and a control apparatus that uses the pressure detected by the pressure detector to control the opening and closing operation of the opening and closing apparatus so that a predetermined amount of water is supplied to the water closet.

Abstract: A flush water supply system comprising a passageway valve mounted in a pipeline for supplying flush water to a toilet stool, and a control circuit for controlling the closing and opening of the passageway valve. A constant flow valve is mounted in the pipeline for keeping a predetermined amount of discharge flow, irrespective of water supply pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for preventing communication through pipe lines of high security institutions. A flapper valve is provided with a valve seat having a plurality of teeth extending into the center of the opening formed in the valve seat. A pivotal flapper opens or closes the valve by abutting a seating face of the valve seat or moving away, under the force of a fluid flow, and allowing passage of waste water from a plumbing fixture to the main waste conduit. A water trap seal is optionally and/or separately mounted for delivering an additional amount of water into the conventional waste trap to fill in the waste trap with fluid and prevent undesirable communication. An independent conduit connected to a water supply deilvers water to a reservoir which is fluidly connected with a conventional jet conduit of a waster system upstream from an outlet point of the jet conduit into the main waste trap.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composting device for toilet and foodstuff waste to be used in connection with a toilet. In the device according to the invention, the upper portion of a rotating compost container 6 provided with a filtering floor 9 is divided into four sections to keep apart compost materials of different degree of compositing. The compost container is positioned partialy within the toilet room so that the toilet seat 5 is positioned immediately or substantially immediately above the cover of the composting device. In this way, the natural aeration will not cause the smell of the compost material to enter the toilet room when the cover of the toilet is opened. In the composite container, the waste is aerated both from above and from below. The circulation of air is arranged to take place naturally so that it flows all the time upwards.

Abstract: A water closet having a trap drainage exit in a wall above a floor, in which at the time of flushing, a vent space is partitioned in a wall-like manner by water falling from a weir. A rise in the water level of a sump portion of the trap results, and air within the trap is quickly forced toward the drainage exit side by the force of the water flow to cause the interior of the trap drainage to have a decreased pressure so that siphon action easily occurs. When the feed rate of water from a tank slows, to terminate the siphon action, air is promptly introduced into the siphon area from a notch in a partitioning wall, whereby the air introduction is hastened and the siphon effect is terminated quickly.

Abstract: A vacuum sewer arrangement comprises a valve controlled air inlet duct to let air into the vacuum sewer at a position downstream of the sewer valve. The sewer valve can then be closed immediately after the sewage has passed into the vacuum sewer, because the air required for the sewage transport is received from the air inlet duct. Hence, the amount of air that flows into the sewer through the sewer valve when the sewer valve opens is small, and when the sewer valve is closed, air flows through the air inlet duct into the sewer, which reduces the pressure difference acting on the sewer valve. These measures tend to considerably reduce the noise level. In the case of a vacuum toilet sewer arrangement, the noise level can be further reduced by providing the toilet bowl with a lid forming a substantially airtight and soundproof closure at the top of the bowl.

Abstract: A water closet flushing apparatus provided with a pressure detector mounted along a water supply pipe, an opening and closing apparatus to open and close a water supply passage provided along the water supply pipe and a control apparatus that uses the pressure detected by the pressure detector to control the opening and closing operation of the opening and closing apparatus so that a predetermined amount of water is supplied to the water closet.

Abstract: In a water closet flushing apparatus of the type in which the flushing water from a flushing water supply source is fed through different flushing water feed lines to a bowl portion and a trap discharge passage defined adjacent to the bottom portion of the bowl portion, a water jet injector is provided so as to inject the flushing water jet toward the trap discharge passage, an opening-closing valve is disposed in each of different feed lines, and the operation of the opening-closing valve is controlled by a control unit. The flushing water is flushed into the bowl portion so as to clean the same while the jet of flushing water is injected into the trap discharge passage to cause the same to act as a siphon, whereby waste matter is discharged.

Abstract: A flush water supply system comprising a passageway valve mounted in a pipeline for supplying flush water to a toilet stool, and a control circuit for controlling the closing and opening of the passageway valve. A constant flow valve is mounted in the pipeline for keeping a predetermined amount of discharge flow, irrespective of water supply pressure.

Abstract: An automatic care-taking system for a bed-ridden patient comprising a bed body having three rectangular, horizontally disposed bed plates arrayed on a bed frame in planar relationship to each other, the three bed plates being pivotally connected to each other, the first bed plate to the second bed plate and the second bed plate to the third bed plate. The pivotally connected bed plates are adapted to be driven by bars and rockable rods. When the rod connecting the first and second bed plates is driven, the first and second bed plates tilt to form a V-shape while the third bed plate remains horizontal. When the bar connecting the second and third bed plates is driven, the second and third bed plates tilt to form a V-shape while the first bed plate remains in a horizontal position.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring the concentration values of constituents of urine collected in a toilet bowl. A conduit extends from the urine-collecting portion of the bowl to a concentration-measuring device. A gas injector is mounted beside the conduit to intermittently inject gas into the conduit, for dividing the urine contained in the conduit into aliquots. The concentration values of urinary constituents of each aliquot are measured.