Abstract: A method for separating a lactone-containing high-molecular weight compound comprising subjecting a mixture of a lactone-containing high-molecular weight compound having, as its side-chain, at least one of a lower alkenyl group and a lower alkoxy group and its analogous compound(s) to either one or both steps in any order of a step (A) for adsorbing the mixture to a nonionic adsorption resin and eluting with an aqueous solvent containing silver ions, and a step (B) for adsorbing the mixture to a basic active alumina and eluting with an organic solvent to separate each of the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new biocatalyst whole cell system for converting cyclic ketones such as cyclopentanone/cyclohexanone to the corresponding lactones such as valerolactone/caprolactone. Another novel aspect of the present invention is that biocatalyst fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri NCIM 1282 species has been found to be an efficient biocatalyst system for any biotransformation for the first time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ether compounds, compositions comprising ether compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising an ether compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing compounds of the formula where C60 is a C60 fullerene.

Abstract: Compounds expressed by the following general formula (1), The compounds can be used as active ingredients of treating agents for inflammatory respiratory diseases, malignant tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension; alopecia, acne, psoriasis, dermatitis, hypercalcemia, hypoparathyroidism and metabolic disorder of cartilage.

Abstract: A three dimensional optical data storage and retrieval system that includes a three dimensional optical data storage medium and an apparatus for providing access to data stored on the medium. The data storage medium includes an optical data storage material which either a low molecular weight or polymeric glassy solid that are capable of undergoing multi-photon excitation that are energetically different in the write and read cycles. The optical data storage materials provide substantially higher storage capacities relative to conventional materials, and show high robustness in that written and stored data can undergo multiple read cycles without erasure or overwriting. An apparatus for data recording and accessing stored data on the medium includes a controllable variable energy photo-emitting excitation source and an emission photo-detector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel sulfoxide and bis-sulfoxide compounds, compositions comprising sulfoxide and bis-sulfoxide compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising an ether compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ether compounds, compositions comprising ether compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising an ether compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to derivatives of 3-deoxy desmycosin of the formula I, wherein, starting from triply protected desmycosin, there are performed an oxidation at C-3 in the first step and then, optionally, a hydrogenation of double bonds and an epoxidation followed by a reductive opening of the oxirane ring. The present invention also relates to derivatives of 3-deoxy-desmycosin of the formula II, wherein in the first step triacetyl desmycosin is hydrogenated and then, via an intermediate mesylate, it is converted to a 2,3-didehydro derivative; or 2,3-didehydro-desmycosin is subjected to epoxidation reactions followed by a reductive opening of the oxirane ring.

Abstract: An enantiomerically enriched compound of formula 1, wherein Ar is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from haloalkyl, alkyl and halide. This compound can be isolated in crystalline form, and used in the preparation of (+)-16-[3-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-17,18,19,20-tetranor PGF2&agr; isopropyl ester.

Abstract: Fermentation based methods for producing mycolactones allows one to produce large quantities of mycolactones, which can be purified by extraction and chromatography to yield pure preparations of mycolactones A, B, C, and D.

Abstract: The invention relates to polysiloxanes containing carboxyl groups that are useful for imparting water-repellency to substrates, a process for their preparation, a water-repellent system containing such polysiloxanes, and a process for the production of hydrophobic substrates.

Abstract: A method of modifying or altering the structure of a 1&agr;-hydroxylated vitamin D compound to increase its biological activity by altering the conformational equilibrium of the A-ring to favor a chair conformation that presents the 1&agr;-hydroxyl in the axial orientation. This is accomplished by either locking the A-ring chair conformation in a geometry having an axially orientated 1&agr;-hydroxyl, or by the addition of one or more substituents to the A-ring which interact with other substituents in the molecule or on the A-ring to provide a driving force to the A-ring to adopt a chair conformation which presents the 1&agr;-hydroxyl in the axial orientation.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): wherein R1 is hydroxy or of the formula —NHC(═O)(1-4C)alkyl or —NHS(O)n(1-4C)alkyl wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or fluoro; R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or methyl; >A—B— is of the formula >C═CH—, or >C(OH)CH2—; >X—Y— is of the formula >C=CH—, or >CHCH2—; and D is S, SO, or SO2; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a lactone, which is prepared by supporting a cupric compound, a zinc compound and at least one alkaline earth metal compound on the supporter. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a lactone, which comprises a dehydrocyclization reaction of a diol under a gas phase in the presence of the aforementioned catalyst after activating said catalyst. The catalyst for preparing lactone of the present invention is quite economic because of its high activity, long lifetime and high selectivity of products.

Abstract: There are here disclosed a photoresist material for lithography using a light of 220 nm or less which comprises at least a polymer represented by the following formula (2) and a photo-acid generator for generating an acid by exposure: 1

Abstract: An enantiomerically enriched compound of formula 1, wherein Ar is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from haloalkyl, alkyl and halide. This compound can be isolated in crystalline form, and used in the preparation of (+)-16 [3-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-17,18,19,20-tetranor PGF2&agr; isopropyl ester.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of preparing compounds of Formula 1: and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, and to methods for preparing same. The compounds of Formula 1 are antibacterial agents that may be used to treat various bacterial and protozoal infections, and may also be used to treat cancer. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of Formula 1, and to methods of treating sbacterial and protozoal infections by administering compounds of Formula 1.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds represented by the following structural formula:

Abstract: The beta-ketoesters of formula I are useful as precursors for organoleptic compounds, especially for flavors, fragrances and masking agents and antimicrobial compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to double prodrugs containing polymeric-based transport forms.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of oxidation catalysts containing vanadium-phosphorus mixed oxides, consisting of: a) contacting a phosphorus compound with a vanadium compound in an organic solvent under conditions allowing the preparation, recovery, drying of said precursor, b) submitting the precursor, prior to calcination, to a treatment by contacting with a stream of dry inert gas containing vapors of an aliphatic anhydride, having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably acetic anhydride, at a temperature not exceeding 200° C., c) calcinating the precursor under an atmosphere containing air, steam, or inert gas or a mixture of them at a temperature between 350° C. and 550° C. at controlled rate of temperature increase during the time necessary to obtain active catalysts, d) using of said catalysts for the production of maleic anhydride by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the purification of the lipstatin.

Abstract: A method for treating or preventing type II diabetes mellitus comprising administering an effective amount of a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor, such as, tetrahydrolipstatin.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a ruthenium-iodo-optically active bidentate phosphine complex of the formula (I):[Ru--(I).sub.q --(T.sup.1).sub.n (SOL).sub.r (L)].sub.m (T.sup.2).sub.p (I).sub.s (I)wherein T.sup.1 represents a carboxylic acid anion, SOL represents a polar solvent, L represents an optically active bidentate phosphine ligand, T.sup.2 represents an anion different from halogen atom anions and carboxylic acid anions, n denotes 0 or 1, r denotes 0, 3 or 4, m denotes 1 or 2, q denotes 0 or 1, or where m is 2, q may represent 1 or 1.5, p denotes 0 or 1, and s denotes 0, 1 or 2 is prepared. Said phosphine complex is usefull as an efficient catalyst for asymmetrically hydrogenating 4-methylene-2-oxetanone into optically active 4-methyl-2-oxetanone.

Abstract: The invention is related to novel thiamacrolides, especially musk odorants, having extremely low threshold values, their use in functional perfumery such as fine perfumery, as well as to the preparation of thiamacrolide compounds.

Abstract: Purification of poly-amino acid-tagged recombinant proteins has been improved by the use of a carboxymethylated aspartate ligand complexed with a third-block transition metal having an oxidation state of 2.sup.+ and a coordination number of 6. A method for synthesizing the metal ion-CM-Asp complex is also described. Further, the metal ion-CM-Asp complex can be used for screening protein function.

Abstract: The compound 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-erythro-pentofuranos-1-ulose-3,5-dibenzoate is described and claimed.

Abstract: Trehalose is oxidized to give oxidized trehalose which then is hydrolyzed to produce D-glucuronolactone which is thereafter recovered to realize high-yield and low-cost production of D-glucuronolactone.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production and purification of cyclic esters in which the purification includes the introduction of an aqueous solvent into a cyclic ester containing composition and allowing two phases to form. A first phase includes cyclic esters and any organic solvent, and a second phase includes the aqueous solvent and impurities.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of high yields of .delta.-lactones and 5-hydroxy fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids which are free or esterified with glycerol is disclosed. The .delta.-lactones may be produced by reacting one or more .DELTA..sup.5 or .DELTA..sup.6 unsaturated fatty acids in the presence of an acid, clay or zeolite catalyst. Alternatively, the .delta.-lactones may be produced by reacting one or more triglycerides which are esters of glycerol with .DELTA..sup.5 or .DELTA..sup.6 unsaturated fatty acids with the same catalysts. Because the .delta.-lactones may be produced from the triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids, the process may be practiced using naturally occurring plant oils directly, without the need for any preliminary steps of saponification. Optionally, the .delta.-lactones so formed may be further reacted with an alkali in an aqueous solution to produce 5-hydroxy fatty acids.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones is disclosed. The oxidation is carried out by reacting the primary or secondary alcohol with an organic N-chloro compound oxidizing agent in the presence of a catalyst of the formula: ##STR1## wherein the substituent groups are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A sizing composition for fine paper that does not encounter machine feed problems in high-speed converting or reprographic operations is not solid at 35.degree. C. and comprises a mixture of 2-oxetanone compounds that are the reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising (a) a feedstock comprising primarily unsaturated fatty acids and (b) a feedstock comprising primarily saturated fatty acids, or acid halides thereof, provided that at least 20 mole % of the reaction mixture fatty acids comprise saturated fatty acids and at least 20 mole % of the reaction mixture fatty acids comprise unsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: A polymer having a blocked terminal group according to the present invention, represented by the following Formula (I): ##STR1## where R is an alkylene group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; X.sub.1 is an acyl group containing 2 to 50 carbon atoms; Y is H, an alkyl group containing 1 to 50 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group containing 1 to 50 carbon atoms; m is a positive integer; and n.sub.1 is 0 or a positive integer.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production and purification of cyclic esters in which the purification includes the introduction of an aqueous solvent into a cyclic ester containing composition and allowing two phases to form. A first phase includes cyclic esters and any organic solvent, and a second phase includes the aqueous solvent and impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to UCK14 compounds having antitumor activity which are represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or --COOC(CH.sub.3).sub.3 ; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are taken together to form --CH.sub.2 --, or each R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently are hydrogen,and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides lanthanide chelates capable of intense luminescence. The celates comprise a lanthanide chelator covalently joined to a coumarin-like or quinolone-like sensitizer. Exemplary sensitzers include 2- or 4-quinolones, 2- or 4-coumarins, or derivatives thereof e.g. carbostyril 124 (7-amino-4-methyl-2-quinolone), coumarin 120 (7-amino-4-methyl-2-coumarin), coumarin 124 (7-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-coumarin), aminomethyltrimethylpsoralen, etc.The chelates form high affinity complexes with lanthanides, such as terbium or europium, through chelator groups, such as DTPA. The chelates may be coupled to a wide variety of compounds to create specific labels, probes, diagnostic and/or therapeutic reagents, etc. The chelates find particular use in resonance energy transfer between chelate-lanthanide complexes and another luminescent agent, often a fluorescent non-metal based resonance energy acceptor.

Abstract: C.sub.8-18 alkyl aldonolactone esters which have anionic and nonionic surfactant characteristics are disclosed. A process for preparing the esters enzymatically as well as personal product, cosmetic, detergent and oral hygiene compositions containing the compounds which take advantage of their dual surfactant quality, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Improvement in the technique of synthesizing prostaglandins, particularly those having at least one halogen atom at the 16- or 17-position, which comprises introducing a .omega. chain into the aldehyde thereby to enable considerable yield improvement in the production of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones, and which does not involve hydrogen generation and can insure safe operation.A method of producing .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones by reacting aldehyde with 2-oxoalkyl phosphonate, wherein the reaction was carried out under the presence of a base and a zinc compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of structural formula (I): ##STR1## which are squalene synthase inhibitors and thus useful as cholesterol lowering agents and antifungal agents. These compounds are also inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferass and farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras and thus useful in treating cancer.

Abstract: A process for preparing optically active 4-methyl-2-oxetanone which comprises asymmetrically hydrogenating 4-methylene-2-oxetanone in the presence of a ruthenium-optically active phosphine complex. Optically active 4-methyl-2-oxetanone can easily and economically be obtained at high optical purity.

Abstract: A soluble highly reactive form of calcium, prepared from Ca(II) salts and a reducing agent in ethereal, polyethereal, or hydrocarbon solvents, is presented. This form of calcium can be used in the preparation of organocalcium reagents. The organocalcium reagents resulting from the reaction of the soluble highly reactive calcium with organic compounds containing either halide, cyanide, a 1,3-diene, or a polyunsaturated functionality, are stable, useful reagents for organic synthesis. The organocalcium halide reagents undergo Grignard-type reactions. They also undergo reactions with Cu(I) salts to form organocalcium cuprate reagents. The organocalcium cuprate reagents undergo a variety of cross-coupling reactions. The soluble highly reactive calcium reacts with 1,3-dienes to yield the corresponding 2-butene-1,4-diylcalcium complexes. These bis-organocalcium reagents can undergo dialkylation reactions with .alpha.,.omega.

Abstract: A process for preparing optically active 4-methyl-2-oxetanone which comprises asymmetrically hydrogenating 4-methylene-2-oxetanone in the presence of a ruthenium-optically active phosphine complex. Optically active 4-methyl-2-oxetanone can easily and economically be obtained at high optical purity.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing bromooxazole intermediates of the structure ##STR1## wherein a vinyl compound of the structure ##STR2## wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently H and Br, is treated with a metal halide such as cupric bromide, and a base such as 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The resulting bromooxazole may be hydrolyzed and hydrogenolyzed to the final anti-thrombotic-anti-vasospastic compounds.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently C.sub.1-17 -alkyl which is saturated or optionally interrupted by up to 8 double or triple bonds and/or optionally interrupted by an O or S atom, which is present in other than the .alpha.-position to an unsaturated C atom; or phenyl, benzyl or --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --X--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 ring-substituted by 0 to 3 C.sub.1-6 -alkyl-(O or S).sub.1 or 0 groups, and X is oxygen, sulfur or (CH.sub.2).sub.0-3, with the proviso that when R.sup.1 is n-hexyl and R.sup.2 is undecyl or 2Z,5Z-undecadienyl, at least one of the asymmetric C-atoms present in the oxetanone ring and in the .beta.-position to the latter has the R-configuration, an enantiomer or a diastereomer thereof are described. These compounds inhibit pancreas lipase and are useful agents in the treatment of obesity, hyperlipemia, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.

Abstract: Deacylating agent represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents an insoluble polymer substituent, and R' and R" each represents an alkyl group, and a deacylation method using the above deacylating agent.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of compositions of matter containing unsaturated lactones defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein R represents C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl; and X represents C.sub.2, C.sub.4 or C.sub.6 alkylene or alkenylene; with the provisos that R is C.sub.6 alkyl when X is alkenylene and R is C.sub.6 alkenyl when X is alkylene by means of the sequential steps of (i) fermentation of castor oil or ricinoleic acid using a microorganism selected from the group consisting of:Candida petrophilum, ATCC 20226;Candida oleophila, ATCC 20177;Candida sp., ATCC 20504; andCandida sake, ATCC 28137whereby gamma hydroxydecanoic acid and a mixture of other acids defined according to the generic structure: ##STR2## is formed wherein Y represents an oxo-saturated, oxo-unsaturated or di-unsaturated C.sub.9, C.sub.11 or C.sub.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of compositions of matter containing unsaturated lactones defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein R represents C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl; and X represents C.sub.2, C.sub.4 or C.sub.6 alkylene or alkenylene; with the provisos that R is C.sub.6 alkyl when X is alkenylene and R is C.sub.6 alkenyl when X is alkylene by means of the sequential steps of (i) fermentation of castor oil or ricinoleic acid using a microorganism selected from the group consisting of:Candida petrophilum, ATCC 20226;Candida oleophila, ATCC 20177;Candida sp., ATCC 20504; andCandida sake, ATCC 28137whereby gamma hydroxydecanoic acid and a mixture of other acids defined according to the generic structure: ##STR2## is formed wherein Y represents an oxo-saturated, oxo-unsaturated or di-unsaturated C.sub.9, C.sub.11 or C.sub.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing polyoxa tetracyclics which involves the ozonolysis of a single-ring-structure vinyl silane with resulting direct formation of the desired multiple ring matrial. The polyoxa tetracyclic compounds have the formula ##STR1## The vinyl silanes have the structure ##STR2## The vinyl silanes are new chemical compounds as are corresponding primary ozonide and dioxetane intermediates. In a preferred embodiment, this invention provides a total synthesis of the antimalarial artemisinin.

Abstract: Racemic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and n are as described herein, enantiomers and diastereomers thereof, and salts of these esters with weak acids, are described. These compounds inhibit pancreas lipase and are useful agents in the treatment of obesity, hyperlipaemia, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.