Abstract: A substrate is coated by applying an essentially pure aluminum first layer to a surface of the substrate. At least a first portion of the first layer is oxidized so as to provide a protective coating of desired properties. The substrate may be a refractory metal-based investment casting core.

Abstract: A substrate is coated by applying a first layer atop the substrate and comprising, in major weight part, a non-refractory first metal. A second layer is applied atop the first layer and comprises, in major weight part, a carbide and/or nitride of a second metal. A third layer is applied atop the second layer and comprises, in major weight part, a ceramic. The substrate may be a refractory metal-based investment casting core.

Abstract: A fuel tank with ventilation system and activated carbon filter which, on the one hand, is connected by a first line (22) to the fuel tank and by a second line (25) to an internal combustion engine, and, on the other hand, by a third line (26) to the atmosphere, should have as simple and compact a ventilation system as possible, which fulfills all functions in full measure. To this end, a controlled two-way valve unit (23) is provided, whereof the first path connects the first line (22) to the third line (26) and the second path connects the second line (25) to the third line (26), and an electronic control unit (28) is provided, which on the input side is connected to a refueling sensor (7) and to a liquid level sensor (13) and on the output side is connected to the controlled two-way valve unit (23).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are used to cast a number of elements such as turbine engine blades. The blades have an airfoil and a root for securing the blade to a disk. A number of mold sections each have internal surfaces for forming an associated at least one of the elements. The mold sections are assembled and molten alloy is introduced to the assembled mold sections.

Abstract: A vapor compression system includes a main vapor compression circuit having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator serially connected by main refrigerant lines, the compressor having a suction port, a main discharge port and an intermediate port, and the main refrigerant lines being communicated with the main discharge port and the suction port; a bypass circuit communicated between the intermediate port and the suction portion; and a superheat sensing device positioned to sense superheat in a combined flow from the main vapor compression circuit and the bypass circuit. A method of operation of the system is also provided. The benefits of enhanced system and compressor performance, improved compressor reliability and extended system operating envelope are readily obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of substituted bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2,4,9-triones, especially clusianon and clusianon derivatives, as pharmaceutical active ingredients or medicamentous active ingredients, especially for producing medicaments for the prophylactic and/or therapeutic (curative) treatment of tumour or cancer diseases, and of viral diseases. The above-mentioned compounds can be used in cytostatic agents and antiviral agents (virostatic agents). They are especially used as inhibitors of topoisomerases and telomerases and as regulators during the MAP kinase signal transduction and can thus intervene on a cellular scale in the mechanism for multiplication of tumour or cancer cells and viruses.

Abstract: A device for steering a vehicle, particularly a helicopter or even a simulator, comprising a handgrip that can be moved in a manner that is linear to the drive of a drive device, particularly the power unit or motor. The linear motion of the handgrip is coupled with a rotational motion of a drive element.

Abstract: A container (10) for substances in powder form, in particular cosmetics in powder form. The container (10) has a closure (40) with at least one closure portion (41) on which there is disposed a stem insert (50) for an applicator element (80), the stem insert being in the interior of the container in the closed condition, sufficiently accurate loading of the applicator element (80) with the substance in powder form can be advantageously guaranteed substantially independently of the filling level of the container (10). The closure (40) of the container (10) has a cavity (60; 61) containing at least one freely movable insert portion (70). By virtue of the closed container (10) being shaken, the freely movable insert portion (70) produces force pulses for removing excess substance or amounts of substance which cling loosely to the applicator element (80). Only the amount of substance necessary for an application remains on the applicator element (80).

Abstract: A coupling for connecting two components, in particular a clamping collar with a centering hub, whereby, between both components an axially deformable and radially centering element is arranged.

Abstract: In a metal/ceramic bonding substrate 10 wherein a circuit forming metal plate 14 is bonded to one side of a ceramic substrate 12 and a radiating metal base plate 16 is bonded to the other side thereof, a difference in level is provided along the entire circumference of the bonding surface of the ceramic substrate 12 to the metal base plate 16. The difference in level is provided by forming at least one of a rising portion 16a and a groove portion 116b on and in the metal base plate 16.

Abstract: A terminal pin includes a substantially elongate pin body having a longitudinal axis and a terminal head, the terminal head having an opening for receiving a wire, the opening extending substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis. This results in a substantial reduction in space required as compared to other connection structures.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device is provided which comprises a metallic support plate 1; a semiconductor light emitting diode chip 2 mounted on a support surface 13a defined on an upper surface 13 of support plate 1; wiring conductors 4 mounted on side and upper surfaces 12, 13 of support plate 1 via insulators 6; and a plastic encapsulant 3 for sealing side and upper surfaces 12 and 13 of support plate 1 and a part of wiring conductors 4. As support plate 1 comprises at least one projection 16 extending from side surface 12 of support plate 1 through a notch 3a formed in plastic encapsulant 3 for outward exposure, heat from diode chip 2 can be efficiently diffused to the outside through projections 16 of support plate 1 extending through notch 3a of plastic encapsulant 3 for outward exposure, when heavy current flows through diode chip 2 through wiring conductors 4 for stronger lighting.

Abstract: This invention refers to a method for removing a part of concrete construction that comprises a base concrete; a reinforced concrete formed on the base concrete; rebars embedded in the base concrete and upwardly extending through the reinforced concrete; the method comprising the steps of: forming a slit in the reinforced concrete and disconnections at an intermediate of the rebars; applying an expansion force on opposite surfaces of the slit in the reinforced concrete to simultaneously break a boundary plane of the reinforced concrete; and removing the moved portion of the reinforced concrete from the base concrete as a scrap. Also, the present invention provides a flat jack suitable to break boundary planes of the scrap wherein the flat jack comprises two metallic plates joined to each other, and an inlet for introducing into the jack pressurized fluidic material to inflate the jack in order to produce a great expansive force.

Abstract: At least one feed core and at least one wall cooling core are assembled with a number of elements of a die for forming a cooled turbine engine element investment casting pattern. A sacrificial material is molded in the die. The sacrificial material is removed from the die. The removing includes extracting a first of the die elements from a compartment in a second of the die elements before disengaging the second die element from the sacrificial material. The first element includes a compartment receiving an outlet end portion of a first of the wall cooling cores in the assembly and disengages therefrom in the extraction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for delignifying lignocellulosic raw materials by using sulfites in the presence of an alkaline component, especially sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate or a mixture thereof in an aqueous solution at a high temperature and high pressure. The invention is characterized in that a first partial fragment of the alkaline component is added when the aqueous solution starts to decompose and in that at least a second partial fragment of the alkaline component is added only when delignification begins.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for cooling workpieces. A cooling gas is directed toward a surface of a workpiece. The cooling gas includes at least a first component that is gaseous at a reference ambient condition and a second component that is a liquid at the ambient condition. The second component may be delivered as a gas or as droplets.

Abstract: An optical sensing device for detecting plural optical features of valuable papers is provided that comprises first and second photocoupers 5 and 6 or 9 and 10 positioned in the vicinity of and on the opposite sides of a passageway 13 for guiding the valuable paper 64. Each of first and second photocouplers 5 and 6 or 9 and 10 has a light emitting element 20, 22, 30, 32 for emitting a light, and a light receiving element 21, 23, 31, 33 for selectively receiving the light from the light emitting element 20 so that each light receiving element 21, 23, 31, 33 can receive lights reflected on and penetrating the valuable paper 64 for detection of multiple optical features from the valuable paper 64.

Abstract: The gas detector device comprises at least a VCSEL source and at least a light sensor for detecting a light beam having passed through a sample chamber containing a given gas to be detected. The detection signal of the sensor directly provided to or is time derivated by an electronic derivator and then provided to respective lock-in amplifiers in order to generate a two different 2f-detection, f being the frequency of a wavelength modulation of the source, and thus to provide two corresponding measuring signals the division of which gives a precise value of the gas concentration. The invention uses at least a first modulation reference signal at twice and a second modulation reference signal at twice of the modulation frequency of the laser source.