Abstract: A method of making a liquid filter includes the steps of providing a spiral roll of filtering material on a central tubular member, providing a housing member into which the roll is to be placed and laying a bead of thermoplastic material having a given softening point on an outer surface of the roll at least around the circumference of the roll close to an end thereof. The bead is pressed with cooled forming jaws, while in a warm state, to suitable dimensions corresponding to inside dimensions of the housing member. The housing member is heated to a temperature above the softening point of the thermoplastic material, the roll is inserted into the housing member and thereafter, the housing member is cooled. The thermoplastic material cools, acts as a glue and constitutes a tight, rigid connection between the housing member and the roll of filtering material.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recycle valve adjusts the amount of exhaust gas returned to the induction manifold and the degree of opening of the recycle valve is controlled by the main throttle valve. In one embodiment of the invention, an extended throttle shaft carries a set of contact strips and a complementary shaft, coupled to the exhaust gas valve, carries contact pins which cooperate with the contact strips to open or close an electrical connection between a power source and an electric motor. When the strips and the pins are rotated relative to one another, as when the throttle is moved, the motor is energized and adjusts the position of the exhaust gas valve until the relative position of the strips and the pins is again such as to interrupt conduction.

Abstract: A monitoring system for determining the volumetric percentage of liquid nitrogen in a quantity of liquified natural gas (LNG) whose composition of liquified hydrocarbon gases is known, and which is stored at atmospheric pressure. The system includes a device, such as a temperature-dependent resistor connected to a power source, for producing an electric signal proportional to the temperature of the liquified gas. This temperature signal is subtracted from a reference signal which is equal to the temperature signal when the liquified natural gas does not contain any nitrogen, and which can be produced by a device such as a precision resistor connected to the power source. The differential signal output of the temperature and reference signals will be proportional to the volumetric percentage of nitrogen in the liquified natural gas, and a standard readout device, such as a voltmeter, can be calibrated to read the volumetric percentage of nitrogen from this differential signal.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel injection valve in which a valve needle coupled to the armature has twisting channels for carrying fuel and for creating turbulence therein. The channels terminate in a pressure chamber whose volume is chosen to be equal to or smaller than the volume of fuel injected in a single stroke.

Abstract: A combination mutual drainage reactor and grounding relay for protection of a two-wire communication circuit comprising a pair of inductively coupled coils each having one end grounded and the other end connected to a corresponding communication line through one of a pair of magnetically operated, normally open S.P.S.T. gas-filled reed switches which are disposed in the common magnetic circuit of the two coils and which have predetermined voltage breakdown characteristics between their open contacts.A voltage from one line to ground in excess of the breakdown voltage characteristic of the connected reed switch causes current flow across the open switch contacts and through one coil to ground. The voltage thus impressed across this coil produces an equal voltage across the other magnetically coupled coil, which, in turn, causes the other reed switch to conduct, thereby preventing abnormal line-to-line voltage and maintaining balanced line-to-ground voltages.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines has a single rotating and reciprocating piston which alternately aspirates fuel from a fuel storage compartment and delivers it under pressure to one of several injection lines. Fuel aspiration takes place through a plurality of fuel channels which terminate in the wall of the pump cylinder and whose termini are opened by appropriate grooves in the piston surface. The individual fuel channels are in mutual communication via one or more connection channels and are also connected to the fuel storage compartment via a suction conduit.

Abstract: A heating system for a motor vehicle has temperature sensors for gauging the compartment temperature as well as for gauging the temperature of the effluent hot air. These sensors are connected in series, with the compartment sensor generating the more significant control signal. The flow of heating medium, for example engine water, is regulated by a valve under the control of a regulator which compares the sensors signals with a set-point value. The valve may be cyclically actuated by pulses of fixed frequency but having a width which depends on the results of the signal comparison.

Abstract: A web spooling machine with automatic spool changing equipment in which an empty spool is placed against the web between the feed roller and the full spool. Pivoting arms carry a cutter blade which cooperates with a pivoting anvil or counterblade to sever the web. At the same time, an elastic guide engages the severed end of the web to guide it over the new spool while a pressure roller keeps it in place. The cutter blade is propelled into the path of the moving web by a torsional spring which is wound up by a cam follower whenever the mechanism returns to its starting position.

Abstract: The maximum speed of an internal combustion engine is limited by a device which compares the period of rpm-synchronous pulses with the time constant of a reference multivibrator. If the engine rpm is so high that a pulse terminates prior to expiration of the reference time period, a gate is activated and acts through further multivibrator circuits to interrupt the fuel delivery to the engine, e.g., the fuel injection control pulses are suppressed. If the maximum rpm is exceeded only intermittently, the device restores normal fuel injection control pulses after a predetermined number of pulses has been suppressed. If the maximum rpm is exceeded continuously, the device restores normal fuel control somewhat later than the time at which the engine speed drops to below maximum rpm.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine includes an electronic fuel controller which accepts signals representative of the air flow rate through the engine's induction tube as well as data relating to rpm and other parameters. The air flow rate data is derived from an electrically heated wire, located in the induction tube, which is connected in one branch of a bridge circuit. Changes in the air flow rate result in changes of heat transfer and hence of the temperature of the heated wire whose impedence changes accordingly. A control loop senses the imbalance of the currents in the two branches and acts to restore equilibrium, e.g. by increasing the total bridge current until a higher heat loss from the wire has been compensated. The increased bridge current is provided by periodic current pulses delivered by transistors under the control of a multivibrator. The multivibrator is triggered at a frequency which is a function of the imbalance signal voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically receiving empty bottles and storing them in an internal container includes a mechanism which discriminates against improperly sized bottles and also returns the monetary deposit which may have been made at the time of purchase of the full bottle.The apparatus includes a bottle conveyor mechanism which accepts bottles in a horizontal position on sprocket discs and, after suitable actuation of door-locking and dimension-checking switches, rotates the discs and transports the bottle upwardly. The positive insertion of the transported bottle into the bottle storage container above causes a realignment of the bottles already stored there. The stored bottles align themselves in parallel layers until a limit switch prevents further operation when the container is filled up.

Abstract: An integrating flow calorimeter for measuring and indicating the cumulative heat exchanged between a load equipment and a heat-conveying liquid circulating therethrough.A flow measuring device continuously measures the quantity of liquid circulated through the load equipment, and closes a switch for a predetermined fixed interval of time each time a predetermined quantity of the liquid has been supplied to the load equipment. The switch connects a differential temperature measuring device to an electrical power source, which can be a battery mounted integral with the meter.The differential temperature measuring device includes temperature sensors which sense the temperatures of the liquid supplied to, and exhausted from the load equipment.

Abstract: Method for micro-finish machining of circular arc-shaped profiled surfaces in annular workpieces utilizing a honing tool. After an initial grinding operation the profiled surfaces of the workpieces are micro-finish machined using two machining phases. During the first machining phase the workpieces are rotated at a first predetermined rotational velocity and the honing tool is pressed against the profiled surfaces at a first predetermined pressure; while during the second machining phase the workpieces are rotated at a second predetermined rotational velocity and the honing tool is pressed against the profiled surfaces at a second predetermined pressure. Furthermore, the first predetermined rotational velocity is lower than the second predetermined rotational velocity while the first predetermined pressure is greater than the second predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A fuel metering system of an internal combustion engine is controlled by a digital computer circuit which delivers injection pulses to actuate the fuel injection valve of the engine. The duration of these pulses is directly related to the amount of injected fuel and depends on the inherent characteristics of the engine as well as on the engine r.p.m. and the degree of throttle opening. A set of data points each of which correlates a fuel datum with a pair of numbers related to engine speed and throttle valve opening, respectively, is stored in a digital memory and can be addressed by digital signals from transducers associated with engine speed and throttle valve position. An arithmetic unit then performs an interpolation process by weighted addition of nearest neighbor values of the datum stored in the memory. The final, interpolated datum is counted down at constant or variable frequency and represents an output signal related to the fuel injection period.

Abstract: A wind-propelled sail vehicle comprises a perimeter frame, a mast and a chassis with three support members such as wheels, pads or skis. Two support members of fixed orientation are situated forward, the third support member, for steering, is situated aft and the mast is placed substantially vertically over the forward support members. The mast is positively mounted in the head of a rigid tripod and fixed with respect to the middle of the front cross-beam of the chassis. One foot of the tripod is mounted to the frame and the other feet to the lateral portions of the frame. The laterally mounted feet at their juncture with the frame form the axles upon which the wheels, pads or skis are mounted. This construction greatly increases manoeuvrability while reducing the overall weight of the apparatus for a given sail surface.

Abstract: A system for detoxicating the waste gases of an internal combustion engine is described, in which system at least a part of the waste gases is fed, controlled by valve means, into the intake air of the engine, and wherein the said valve controlling waste gas introduction into the intake air is actuated in dependence on the position of the flap of a throttle valve in the air intake duct of the engine.

Abstract: In photocopying apparatus of the type in which the document to be copied is drawn to pass in front of an elongated exposure window extending transversely to the direction of passage, the window is constituted in a guide and support plate for the sheet to be copied. At least two long openings respectively on both sides of the window and parallel to the latter are each traversed by a front and rear roller respectively for driving the sheet, protruding a short height above the upper surface of the plate and extending in one or several sections, over substantially the whole width of the plate. The drive rollers cooperate by elastic pressure, with a "counterplate" arranged at a slight distance above the plate so as to constitute with it a flattened guide duct for the sheet to be copied, and presenting a smooth and slippery lower surface to the sheet.

Abstract: For tightening a fuel injection nozzle to the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, a portion of that part of the nozzle body which projects from the cylinder head is provided with diametrically opposed flatened areas to define bounding shoulders that are engaged by a flange. The latter comprises a straight-edged opening straddling the flattened areas. The flange is fastened to the cylinder head by means of bolts and nuts.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing refrigerating units (equipment), such as refrigerating and refrigerated showcases, store fixtures and the like, including forming walls, partitions and/or panels having a layer of plastic foam formed in situ. Standard modular elements are produced, each constituting a portion of a wall, bottom or upper portion of the unit to be constructed. Each element is provided with respective stepwise tiers formed along its two longer edges and along its two shorter edges with respective outwardly extending protuberances formed from the layer of plastic foam. The modular elements are assembled along their longer edges, at least some of the shorter edges also being in contact. Units made by the method are described.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a rigid wall having a curved surface which forms part of the combustion chamber. The remaining part of the combustion chamber is formed by a flexible curtain whose outer edge is attached and sealed to the rigid wall. The wall and the curtain together form a closed space whose geometry and volume depend on their relative position. When the curtain moves toward the wall, the two approaching surfaces displace gas toward the center of the combustion chamber, thereby compressing it or expelling it from the chamber.