Abstract: In a metallic structure including a metallic nano-chain with plasmon resonance absorption, a metallic nanoparticle forming the metallic nano-chain is formed in a circular, triangle, or rhomboid shape. The wavelength selectivity can be increased also by forming a closed region by mutually linking all of metallic nanoparticles that are mutually linked with bottlenecks. In a photodetector, a photodetection unit including a current detection probe, a nano-chain unit, and a current detection probe is arranged on a substrate. The nano-chain unit is a metallic structure with plasmon resonance absorption, where metallic nanoparticles are mutually linked with bottlenecks. Each current detection probe has a corner whose tip is formed with a predetermined angle, and this corner is arranged to face the tip of the nano-chain unit, i.e., a corner of the metallic nanoparticle. Photodetection with high wavelength selectivity is performed based on a change in the initial voltage of the current-voltage characteristic.

Abstract: A FLOTOX-TYPE EEPROM of the invention has a configuration wherein an N region 25 as an impurity region formed under a tunnel window 12 and a channel stopper region 19 formed under a LOCOS oxide film 18 are spaced apart by a predetermined distance Y. Therefore, the tunnel window 12 does not sustain damage if an excessive voltage is applied to the tunnel window 12. As a result, the FLOTOX-TYPE EEPROM is adapted to limit the voltage applied to the tunnel window 12 and to reduce stress on the tunnel window 12 and can achieve an increased number of rewrites.

Abstract: An echo canceller is capable of reducing echo feeling in a conversation even if a tone signal is input. The echo canceller of this invention judges whether a far-end input signal is a calling control tone signal or not, and if that is the case, resets a coefficient of an adaptive filter. An echo canceller of another aspect judges whether a far-end input signal is a predetermined kind of a tone signal or not, and stops the update of the coefficient of the adaptive filter if the result is affirmative and an amount of echo cancellation is not larger than a threshold value. Further, when the tone signal ends, the echo canceller compares amounts of echo cancellation before and after the end of the tone signal, in accordance with a result of the comparison, restart the update of the coefficient of the adaptive filter after resetting the coefficient of the adaptive filter, or restarts the update of the coefficient of the adaptive filter without resetting the coefficient of the adaptive filter.

Abstract: A method for driving a flat display is disclosed. Each row of the flat display includes N pixels, that is used to display M pixel data in a row of a image frame, wherein M and N are positive integers and M is larger than N. The method includes, in a first time division, the N pixels display N pixel data out of the M pixel data, and in a second time division, the N pixels display the remaining M-N pixel data.

Abstract: Provided is a resynchronization method of a mobile communication terminal. The resynchronization method for a mobile communication terminal connected to a home location register and a mobile communication network, includes: extracting a communication network serial number corresponding to a terminal authentication request instruction received from a mobile communication network; comparing the communication network serial number with a terminal serial number stored in a predetermined memory; generating nth terminal synchronization failure information if the communication network serial number is smaller than the terminal serial number, where n is a nature number; and transmitting the generated nth terminal synchronization failure information to the home location register. The home location register ends a resynchronization procedure if the nth terminal synchronization failure information is smaller than previously stored (n?1)th communication network synchronization failure information.

Abstract: An echo canceller which can respond to a sudden change in echo characteristics in real time and does not require an alteration outside the echo canceller, includes a smoothed sending-speech signal calculation means for calculating a smoothed sending-speech signal from the sending-speech signal, the smoothed sending-speech signal being obtained by smoothing the sending-speech signal; a smoothed receiving-speech signal calculation means for calculating a smoothed receiving-speech signal from the receiving-speech signal, the smoothed receiving-speech signal being obtained by smoothing the receiving-speech signal; a delay time information generation means for obtaining delay time information reflecting delay characteristics of an echo path in accordance with a correlation between the smoothed sending-speech signal and the smoothed receiving-speech signal; and an update information generation means for obtaining update information indicating execution or suspension of updating of the tap coefficients of the adapti

Abstract: A gamma correction apparatus includes a load controlling unit, a non-volatile memory, a volatile memory, a checking unit and a counter. The non-volatile memory stores gamma data and a checking code. The load controlling unit controls an operation of loading the gamma data from the non-volatile memory into the volatile memory. The checking unit receives the checking code and detects whether the gamma data in the volatile memory have an error according to the checking code. The counter accumulates the number of times that the checking unit has detected the error. When the checking unit detects the error, the load controlling unit re-loads the gamma data from the non-volatile memory into the volatile memory.

Abstract: Provided is a wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer having a flat wavelength response. In the wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer, a modified taper-shaped optical waveguide is interposed between an input waveguide and a first slab waveguide, such that the distribution of an optical signal input to an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) has a sinc-function shape. Thus, a flat wavelength response can be obtained in an output waveguide. In addition, the modified taper-shaped optical waveguide interposed to obtain a flat wavelength response has a small size and a simple structure, and thus can be applied to a conventional wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer without a design change.

Abstract: A method of reducing or eliminating inflow of water to a dehydration tower using steam for separating water from a carboxylic acid from a reactor outlet gas produced in a reactor during oxidation of an aromatic compound in a carboxylic acid solvent to produce an aromatic acid, for example, oxidation of p-xylene in acetic acid solvent to produce terepthalic acid. The aromatic compound is introduced at the top of an absorption tower and collects ascending carboxylic acid solvent, introduced in the reactor outlet gas at the bottom of the absorption tower, for reintroduction into the reactor eliminating the need to remove and recover the solvent. The absorption tower, condensers and an organic-water separator remove the water in the reactor outlet gas as waste water, and the amount of water inflow to the dehydration tower is reduced or eliminated, as is the amount of steam required for separation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus transmitting and receiving electronic mail within a network includes an identification information storage unit, a loop mail judgment unit, and a loop mail process control unit. The identification information storage unit stores identification information. The loop mail judgment unit judges whether or not the electronic mail is loop mail based on the identification information stored in the identification information storage unit. The loop mail process control unit executes a process arranged beforehand with respect to the electronic mail received based on judgment of the loop mail judgment unit.

Abstract: A BIOS switching system applicable to a computer system is provided. The BIOS switching system includes an input module and a memory module, and the memory module further includes a plurality of BIOS's, an option recording block, and a boot-up management block. The input module produces a switching signal according to a user input. The boot-up management block determines whether replacing an execution option block's data in the option recording block is necessary or not based on the switching signal. The data of the execution option block is identification data of one of the BIOS's. The boot-up management block executes the BIOS indicated by the data of the execution option block while the computer system boots up.

Abstract: Provided is a method for detecting frame sync and frame structure in a satellite broadcasting system. The method for detecting frame sync and frame structure includes the steps of: calculating differential correlation values of reception symbols; generating index sequences of reception symbols whose differential correlation values calculated above exceed a threshold value; calculating positions estimated as frame start points which correspond to a total frame number based on the number of symbols per frame for each frame structure; and detecting frame sync and frame structure based on the umber of positions where the above-calculated frame start point estimated positions and the above-generated index sequences are matched.

Abstract: Provided is an antenna system with high isolation. The high-isolation antenna has transmission ports of a transmission antenna and reception ports of a reception antenna highly isolated from each other by using quadrature hybrid couplers. The antenna system includes: a transmission antenna having two feed points for transmitting signals; a reception antenna having two feed points for receiving signals; a transmission hybrid coupler which is connected to the two feed points of the transmission antenna and transmits transmission signals which have a phase difference of 90° with each other; and a reception hybrid coupler which is connected to the two feed points of the reception antenna and receives reception signals which have a phase difference of 90° with each other. The signals leaking from the two feed points of the transmission antenna to the two feed points of the reception antenna are offset.

Abstract: A communication system achieving the cooperation of communications between a SIP and a Web system through a cooperative manager. A call attempt manager of the SIP system is booted, responsive to a request from another call attempt manager, and a call attempt is registered in a SIP database. A result of the registration is sent to the Web system for display on a Web client. A task is entered and registered in a Web database. A connection or monitoring service is provided between SIP clients interconnected to the SIP system.

Abstract: A wideband antenna for receiving digital television signals includes a substrate, a radiating plate, a first radiating element, and a second radiating element. The radiating plate is formed on the substrate and the radiating plate has a first radiating area, a second radiating area and a slit formed between the first and the second radiating areas. The first and the second radiating elements are pivotedly connected to the radiating plate. The first radiating element and the second radiating element are constructed as a dipole antenna structure of the antenna so as to excite a first resonant mode. The radiating plate also acts as a matching circuit thereon so as to excite a second resonant mode. The center frequency of the second resonant mode is shifted toward the center frequency of the first resonant mode with the incorporation of the radiating plate so that the antenna has a wideband characteristic.

Abstract: A firing device of a side-handle baton includes first and second shaft portions, a magazine portion, a trigger housing, a gas chamber portion, and a nozzle portion. Pressure from a CO2 cartridge in the second shaft portion enters and accumulates in the gas chamber portion to push a nozzle. Once a pushbutton of the magazine portion is pressed, ball-shaped bullets in the magazine portion fall into a bore of the first shaft portion, and the magazine portion pushes a trigger in the trigger housing, thus driving a sear to release the nozzle. When a piston rod in the nozzle is freed, the pressure in the gas chamber portion is discharged to fire the bullets. A recoil spring then pushes the nozzle portion back to re-seal the gas chamber portion, allowing pressure to accumulate again in the gas chamber portion, and the sear to retain the nozzle until the next shot.

Abstract: A device for automatically mixing powder for injection, includes an injector body, a solvent bottle, a needle, a first impelling unit and a second impelling unit. The injector body has a solute bottle and its mouth is opposite the mouth of the solvent bottle. The first impelling unit is disposed upon the solvent bottle. The second impelling unit is sleeved with a needle and located between the mouth of solute bottle and mouth of solvent bottle. A first and a second impelling sleeve-are driven by the solvent bottle to slide along the solute bottle, so the first end of the needle is fixed and extend through the solute bottle. The solvent bottle drives the first impelling sleeve and second impelling sleeve to turn with each other. The second impelling sleeve slides opposite the first impelling sleeve to make the second end of the needle extend through the solvent bottle.

Abstract: A check seal (53) for discharging working oil scraped off a piston rod (3) by an oil lip (52b) into an oil pool (A) of a hydraulic shock absorber to an oil reservoir (R) is disposed on the outside of the oil pool (A). The check seal (53) comprises an annular seat surface (4d) and an annular lip (53a) seated resiliently on the seat surface (4d). The annular seat surface (4d) comprises an annular main rib (11) and an annular inner rib (12), both of which project toward the annular lip (53a), such that an annular groove (21) is formed between the main rib (11) and the inner rib (12). By providing a pressure introducing passage (12a) to introduce a pressure inside the inner rib (12) to the annular groove (21), the check seal (53) exhibits a high working oil discharging performance and a high working oil sealing performance.

Abstract: A solenoid actuator (1) comprises a case (9) made of a magnetic material and housing a coil (12) wound on a bobbin (11), and a pressure tube (17) made of a non-magnetic material and fitted into a hollow portion of the bobbin (11). A base (2) and a sleeve (3) made of a magnetic material are disposed in the pressure tube (17). A plunger (4) provided in an operation chamber (74, 75) formed in the base (2) and the sleeve (3) strokes according to energization of the coil (12) to axially drive a shaft (5) fixed to the plunger (4). The pressure tube (17) ensures that magnetic flux is transferred between the case (9) and the sleeve (3) while preventing pressure variation in the operation chamber (74, 75) from being transmitted to the bobbin (11), thereby achieving a high response and a pressure tightness in the solenoid actuator (1).

Abstract: A semiconductor device of the present invention includes a semiconductor substrate, a semiconductor element formed in the semiconductor substrate, a surface layer formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a capacitance type sensor formed on the surface layer. The surface layer has a planar portion whose surface is planar. The capacitance type sensor includes a lower thin film parallelly opposed to the surface of the planar portion and an upper thin film opposed to the lower thin film at a prescribed interval on the side opposite to the surface layer.