Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the transmission of an asynchronous data stream, containing useful data, via a synchronous data bus which is arranged to transmit data frames in time multiplex. The invention is characterized in that the asynchronous data stream is converted into a synchronous, continuous data stream by means of a converter circuit, that within the data frames a selectable number of storage locations is provided for the useful data of the asynchronous data stream, that a variable number of useful data can be assigned to the individual data frames by the converter circuit and in dependence on the speed of the asynchronous data stream, and that protocol data is assigned to the individual data frames by means of the converter circuit, each time in a predetermined position within the data frames, which protocol data contains information as regards the number of useful data present in the relevant data frame.

Abstract: A panel-shaped loudspeaker includes a panel (1) and an exciter coupled to the panel. The panel is provided with two parallel extending thin walls (1a, 1b) which are interconnected by a structure of thin strip-shaped partitions (1c) situated between the walls. The longitudinal axes of all partitions extend parallel to each other and give the panel an anisotropic bending stiffness. The material of the walls and the partitions of the panel has an internal damping which is at least 2.5% of the critical damping of the relevant material, used in the panel.

Abstract: GPS receiver (1) is disclosed together a mobile unit especially in the form of a mobile cellular telephone (30) incorporating the same. The GPS receiver (1) comprises a GPS signal antenna (10) for receiving externally transmitted GPS signals; an analogue-to-digital converter (11) coupled to the antenna for sampling the received GPS signals; a memory (12) for storing the GPS signal samples; and a digital GPS signal processor (13, 14) for retrieving pseudorange information from the GPS signal samples stored in the memory (12). The receiver (1) has a dormant mode of operation in which received GPS signals are sampled and stored in the memory (12) but the signal processor (13, 14) is not operative for retrieving pseudorange information, and an active mode of operation in which the signal processor (13, 14) is operative for retrieving pseudorange information.

Abstract: A trench-gate MOSFET or ACCUFET has its gate (21) in a first trench (20) that extends through a channel-accommodating body region (15) to a drain region (14). Within the transistor cells, a second trench (40) comprising deposited highly-doped semiconductor material (41) extends to the drain region (14). This highly-doped material (41) is of opposite conductivity type to the drain region (14) and, together with a possible out-diffusion profile (42), forms a localized region (41, 42) that is separated from the first trench (20) by the body region 15. A source electrode (23) contacts the source region (13) and the whole top area of the localized region (41, 42). In a MOSFET, the localized region (41, 42) provides protection against turning on of the cell's parasitic bipolar transistor. In an ACCUFET (FIG. 9), the localized region (41, 42) depletes the channel-accommodating body region (15A).

Abstract: An output stage (22; 26; 29) of a data carrier (2; 25; 28), which output stage is connected to a communication contact (9), said data carrier being adapted to provide contactless communication via an antenna stage (13) and contact-bound communication via the communication contact (9), includes a first transistor (T1; T4) having a first control terminal (G1; G4), a first input terminal (S1; D4) and a first output terminal (D1; S4), and a second transistor (T2) having a second control terminal (G2), a second input terminal (D2) and a second output terminal (S2), and a control stage (23; 31) for supplying first control information (SI1) to the first control terminal (G1), in order to drive the first transistor (T1; T4) into its conductive state, and for supplying second control information (SI2) to the second control terminal (G2), in order to drive the second transistor (T2) into its conductive state, in which stage an internal supply voltage (VINT), derived from an antenna signal (HF) by a power supply (15) of

Abstract: The invention describes a tunable filter arrangement with a plurality of resonators which are coupled to one another and of which there is at least one which comprises a piezoelectric component made of a ferroelectric material and to which a DC voltage source is connected. The application of a DC voltage to the resonator renders it possible to change its electrical properties and thus the overall filter characteristic. Furthermore, a transmitter, a receiver device, and a mobile telephone device with such a filter arrangement are disclosed, aswell as a tunable bulk acoustic wave resonator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor device, in particular a Schottky hybrid diode with a guard ring (S). The semiconductor device comprises a semiconductor substrate (1), an epitaxial layer (2) on which an insulating layer (3) with an opening (10) is deposited, with a Schottky metal layer (9) covering the epitaxial layer (2) lying at the bottom of the opening (10), and with an annular semiconductor region (4) which is present in the epitaxial layer (2). A doping region (6) is present in the epitaxial layer (2) along the outer contour of the semiconductor device, and in addition an oxide layer (8) is present on the epitaxial layer (2).

Abstract: A sensor (MRE) or memory element (ME) having a free (1, 2, 3) and a pinned (Mp, 6) magnetic layer separated by a separation layer (5). The free layer comprises a sandwich structure comprising two magnetic layers (1,2), coupled anti-ferromagneticallly by a thin non-magnetic layer (3), the easy magnetization direction for the two magnetic layers being directed transversely to the longitudinal axis (1) of the stripe.

Abstract: For a network comprising at least two lines and network users, both a transfer of data and a terminal for energy transfer through the network are realized in that the two lines (1, 2) of the network are formed both for a data transfer among the network users (3, 4, 5, 6) and for energy transfer from a voltage source to the network users (3, 4, 5, 6), in that the data are symmetrically and differentially transferred through the two lines (1, 2), in that a terminal of the voltage source is coupled to the two lines (1, 2), in that the network users (3, 4, 5, 6) are coupled to the other terminal of the voltage source via a different electric connection separated from the network, in that the network users (3, 4, 5, 6) symmetrically couple out the energy transfer via the two lines (1, 2) of the network, and in that the two lines (1, 2) are mutually insulated.

Abstract: Magnetoresistive sensor (1) for measuring relative displacements of construction parts (2, 3). A magnetoresistive element (4) is formed on a surface (7) of a substrate (8). A magnet system (5) generates a magnetic field (13) having a component (14) directed parallel to the substrate surface at the area of the magnetoresistive element. Upon the relative displacement of the construction parts, this field component extends at different angles &agr; to the magnetoresistive element and is so large that the magnetoresistive element is always magnetically saturated during the displacement. Upon a relative displacement of the construction parts, the magnetoresistive element describes a path (20, 21) with respect to the magnet system. The sensor is suitable for measuring rotations through angles up to 360° and for measuring large translations.

Abstract: A push-pull amplifier comprises a pulse width modulator with a limiter for limiting the modulation depth, whereby the problem that the output is switched to either highside or lowside is prevented, and thus the carrier frequency is always present in the output spectrum and the bootstrap capacitor is recharged each clock-cycle.

Abstract: This invention relates to the structure and design of microprocessor ICs, in particular to the embedding or integration of a non-volatile flash memory (7) into an IC. To integrate such a flash memory into an IC raises some problems which are solved by providing a dedicated flash bus (3) which operationally links the flash memory (7) with one or more microprocessors (1, 2) on the IC. Preferably, the flash bus (3) controls the flash-memory-specific commands and has a width greater than, in particular a multiple of, the width of the microprocessor (1, 2) and/or the flash memory (7) to compensate for the relatively slow access time of the flash memory. It is especially advantageous to structure the system as a master/slave bus system for operating the flash memory (7) and to link the flash bus via bridges (4, 5, 6) to the microprocessor/s (1, 2,) and through a shell (8) to the flash memory (7). For operating such a system, a flash bus arbiter (9) may be necessary or advantageous.

Abstract: Trench-gate field-effect transistors, for example power MOSFETs, are disclosed having trenched electrode configurations (11,23) that permit fast switching of the transistor, while also providing over-voltage protection for the gate dielectric (21) and facilitating manufacture. The gate electrode (11) comprising a semiconductor material of one conductivity type (n) is present in an upper part of a deeper insulated trench (20,21) that extends into a drain region (14,14a) of the transistor. A lower electrode (23) connected to a source (13,33) of the transistor is present in the lower part of the trench. This lower electrode (23) comprises a semiconductor material of opposite conductivity type (p) that adjoins the semiconductor material of the gate electrode (11) to form a p-n junction (31) between the gate electrode (11) and the lower electrode (23). The p-n junction (31) provides a protection diode (D) between the gate electrode (11) and the source (13,33).

Abstract: A semiconductor body has source and drain regions (4 and 5) spaced apart by a body region (6) and both meeting a surface (3a) of the semiconductor body. A gate structure (7) is provided within a trench (8) for controlling a conduction channel in a conduction channel accommodation portion (60) of the body region (6) extending along at least side walls (8a) of the trench (8) and between the source and drain regions (4 and 5). A voltage-sustaining zone (600) consisting of first regions (6) of the same conductivity type as the source and drain regions interposed with second regions (62) of the opposite conductivity type is provided such that the first regions (61) provide a path for majority charge carriers to the drain region (5) when the device is conducting.

Abstract: In order to provide a circuit arrangement (100) for generating and amplifying a DC signal, referred to as level voltage, whose value is essentially proportional to the logarithm of the voltage amplitude of the input signal, the circuit arrangement comprising an amplifier circuit having at least two amplifier stages (10; 20; 30), it is proposed that at least a differential amplifier stage (40), in particular non-negatively fed back, is arranged parallel to the last amplifier stage (30), particularly parallel to the collector circuits of the last amplifier stage (30), the differential amplifier stage (40) precedes at least a multiplier stage (50) for multiplying the output signals of the differential amplifier stage (40), for generating two differential amplifier output signals which are to be multiplied by each other, and alternatively to the differential amplifier (40), the collector currents of the transistors (36, 38) of the rectifier circuit (35) of the last amplifier stage (30) are used, and at least a cu

Abstract: An apparatus for the correction of East-West distortion of images produced on the screen of a picture tube. More particularly, it concerns an electronic circuit for dynamically controlling the AC component of the drive signal to an East-West amplifier (14) in a picture tube horizontal scanning system. The electronic circuit comprises an input (44,66) for receiving a signal related to the beam current of the tube, an output for connection to the input of the East-West amplifier, a capacitive element (32,64), and an active control device (30,60) for controlling the capacitive element in response to the signal at the circuit input.

Abstract: A data carrier (1) having an electrical circuit (2) includes a receiving device (6) adapted to supply input data (ID) including option control commands (O1, O2, O3, O4), and includes an option control command processing device (11) adapted to process at least one pair of mutually complementary option control commands (O1, O2), (O3, O4) and to generate at least one pair of mutually complementary port control commands (GA, GB), (GC, GD), and further includes port means (12) to which the port control commands (GA, GB, GC, GD) can be applied and which are adapted to be controlled reversibly as regards their port states in dependence on the two mutually complementary port control commands (GA, GB), (GC, GD), and further includes at least one option means (13, 14, 15, 16) which is optionally accessible with the aid of the port device (12).

Abstract: A digital to analog converter for converting a multi bit digital input signal into an analog output signal. The converter includes a plurality of substantially equal conversion elements on a semiconductor chip and which are selected in accordance with a dynamic element matching algorithm. The dynamic element matching algorithm is adapted to the position of the conversion elements on the semiconductor chip so as to improve the shaping of the noise caused by the systematic, i.e. position dependent, errors of the conversion elements.

Abstract: A serial communication system transfers respective first and second signals via respective parallel signal carriers from a transmitter circuit to a receiver circuit. In synchronization with a clock signal (150), the transmitter circuit (110) serially represents a combination of the clock signal and data bit(s) (160) of a data message as the first and second signals (130, 140). At a data bit boundary, the transmitter circuit effects a transition of the first signal (130) if the data bit to be transmitted has a first value and effects a transition of the second signal (140) if the data bit has a different second value. The receiver circuit (120) recovers the clock signal by detecting and combining signal transitions of the first and second signal, for instance using an XOR function, and recovers the data message from the first and/or the second signal.

Abstract: A module is provided with a thin-film circuit. To realize the module with a thin-film circuit, capacitors, or capacitors and resistors, or capacitors, resistors and inductors are provided next to the conductor tracks directly on a substrate (1) of an insulating material. The partial or full integration of passive elements leads to the creation of a module which is very compact.