Abstract: A method for fabricating a transistor including a bulb-type recess channel includes forming a bulb-type recess pattern in a substrate, forming a gate insulating layer over the substrate and the bulb-type recess pattern, forming a first gate conductive layer over the gate insulating layer, forming a void movement blocking layer over the first gate conductive layer in the bulb-type recess pattern, and forming a second gate conductive layer over the void movement blocking layer and the first gate conductive layer.

Abstract: A communication channel has a highly linear switched current mixer that incorporates passive filtering (e.g., low pass, notch) for improved transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) with adding external filtering components. A high IIP2 (input referenced second order intercept point) of the receiver at the Tx offset is essential to avoid corrupting the system's sensitivity performance, and a high triple beat (TB) is required to avoid sensitivity degradation due to transmitter leakage. Thanks to the embedded filtering in the mixer and the active post-distortion (APD) method in a low noise amplifier (LNA), the required high linearity is achieved with low noise figure and power consumption, overcoming transmitter power leakage without the use of a SAW (surface acoustic wave) filter.

Abstract: Solid adsorbents, following their use for mercury removal from flue gas, that do not interfere with the ability of air-entraining additives (such as surfactants) to form stable bubbles when added to fly ash containing the adsorbents. The interference is overcome by heating the materials used in the manufacture of the adsorbent so that magnesium hydroxide and/or one or more alkali compounds containing one or more silicate, aluminate, and/or phosphate moiety, added or already present in the materials, binds multivalent cations present in the materials that could otherwise interfere with the surfactant activity.

Abstract: The present invention is a structural beam having at least one composite core within a hollow beam of metal or polymeric material, i.e. a jacket, and a layer of elastomeric material between the composite core and the inner walls of the metal or polymeric jacket. This structural beam also may be fitted with brackets or holes at its ends and points along its length to allow attachment to other structural elements. The present beam provides a synergism between the properties of its composite core and the metal or polymeric jacket, and is particularly useful where a high strength to weight ratio is required.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a transistor in a semiconductor device includes forming a gate structure over a substrate, forming a first trench by etching the substrate on either side of the gate structure to a first depth, ion-implanting dopants of a first conductivity type to form a source/drain region in the substrate on the side of the gate structure with the first trench, etching the substrate on the side of the gate structure with the first trench to a second depth larger than the first depth to form a second trench, and growing an epitaxial layer within the second trench.

Abstract: A 3D nonvolatile memory device includes: a plurality of channel structures including a plurality of channel layers and interlayer dielectric layers, which are alternately stacked, and extended in a first direction; a plurality of word lines extended in a second direction at least substantially perpendicular to the first direction; a plurality of row select lines connected to the plurality of channel layers, respectively, and extended in the second direction; and a plurality of column select lines connected to the plurality of channel structures, respectively, and extended in the first direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes: a repair address generation unit configured to generate a repair address signal in response to a first address signal; a line choice address generation unit configured to generate a line choice address signal by combining the first address signal and the repair address signal according to a determination as to whether the repair address signal is to be used; and a cell line decoding unit configured to select one of a normal cell region and a redundancy cell region according to the determination, and select one of a plurality of local cell lines provided in the selected cell region in response to the line choice address signal.

Abstract: A method for recovering high molecular weight naphthenic tetra-acids, particularly ARN acids from a calcium naphthenate deposit. Calcium naphthenate deposits contain large amounts of calcium naphthenate salts of ARN acids. The method dual solvent extraction process in which the naphthenic tetra-acids chemically bound as calcium naphthenate salts are converted into free acid monomers by an aqueous acid. The resulting free acid monomers are then dissolved into an organic solvent phase and the counterions dissolve in the aqueous acid phase. The naphthenic tetra-acids are then recovered from the organic solvent phase.

Abstract: An offset cancellation circuit can include an amplifier having a negative input, a positive input, and a single-ended output, wherein the positive input is configured to receive a reference voltage. The circuit also can include a capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal can be coupled to the negative input of the amplifier. The capacitor can be configured to sample the offset voltage of the amplifier. The second terminal of the capacitor can be selectively coupled to the output of the amplifier.

Abstract: An internal negative voltage generation device includes a first internal negative voltage generation block configured to generate a first internal negative voltage which is lower than a ground voltage; a second internal negative voltage generation block configured to generate a second internal negative voltage according to the first internal negative voltage, the second internal negative voltage being higher than the first internal negative voltage and lower than the ground voltage; and an initial driving block configured to additionally drive a second internal negative voltage terminal to the first internal negative voltage during an initial set time interval of an active operation time interval.

Abstract: The methods and reagents described in this invention are used to analyze circulating tumor cells, clusters, fragments, and debris. Analysis is performed with a number of platforms, including flow cytometry and the CELLSPOTTER® fluorescent microscopy imaging system. Analyzing damaged cells has shown to be important. However, there are two sources of damage: in vivo and in vitro. Damage in vivo occurs by apoptosis, necrosis, or immune response. Damage in vitro occurs during sample acquisition, handling, transport, processing, or analysis. It is therefore desirable to confine, reduce, eliminate, or at least qualify in vitro damage to prevent it from interfering in analysis. Described herein are methods to diagnose, monitor, and screen disease based on circulating rare cells, including malignancy as determined by CTC, clusters, fragments, and debris. Also provided are kits for assaying biological specimens using these methods.

Abstract: A system for voltage buffering within an integrated circuit (IC). The system can include a first buffer having an input and an output. The first buffer can be configured to buffer a received maximum input voltage approximately equal to a positive voltage supply powering the system. The system can include a second buffer having an input and an output. The input of the first buffer can be coupled to the input of the second buffer. The output of the first buffer can be coupled to the output of the second buffer. The second buffer can be configured to buffer a received minimum input voltage approximately equal to a negative voltage supply powering the system. The system further can include a controller configured to selectively enable only the first buffer or the second buffer at any given time.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for providing distributed source coding techniques that improve data coding performance, such as video data coding, when channel errors or losses occur. Errors in the reconstruction of the data is eliminated or reduced by sending extra information. Correlation between a predicted sequence and an original sequence can be used to design codebooks and find the cosets required to represent the original image. This information may be sent over another channel, or a secondary channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to new forms of salts of valsartan or crystalline, also partly crystalline and amorphous salts of valsartan, the respective production and usage, and pharmaceutical preparations containing such a salt.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first internal voltage driving unit configured to drive an internal voltage, a second internal voltage driving unit configured to drive the internal voltage in an operation period corresponding to an enable signal, a current amount detection unit configured to detect amount of current supplied by the first internal voltage driving unit, and a current amount comparison unit configured to compare the amount of detected current by the current amount detection unit with amount of a reference current, and determine whether or not to activate the enable signal in response to a comparison result.

Abstract: The present invention is an atherectomy catheter with a hollow head. The head has a window with at least one internal bladed edge, a plunger, and an adjustable angle nose. The angle of the nose can be manipulated by the operator to apply pressure to an artery wall, thereby forcing the window and the window cutting edge up against a plaque target on the opposite side of the artery wall. The position of the plunger can be manipulated by the operator to open or close the window, thereby exposing or not exposing the bladed window edge, and optionally also pinching off dangling plaque fragments. Cut plaque enters the hollow catheter head through the open window, and is stored inside the catheter for removal from the body and subsequent analysis. In some embodiments, the catheter head may have optional sensors, or the plunger may also serve as a rotary cutter.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes: forming a plurality of photoresist patterns over a substrate structure; forming an insulation layer for a spacer over a structure including the photoresist patterns; forming a plurality of spacers on sidewalls of the photoresist patterns by anisotropically etching the insulation layer, and forming a first opening through the insulation layer; and forming second openings in the insulation layer to expose the substrate structure.

Abstract: This invention is based upon the concept of modifying the surface of silica with a metal, such as titanium or zirconium, which will catalyze silanol condensation reactions on the surface of the silica. The utilization of such metalated silica as a filler in rubber compositions results in improved polymer filler interaction and in turn improved physical properties. For instance, such surface metalated siliceous fillers can be used in tire tread compounds to attain improved rolling resistance and treadwear without compromising traction characteristics. The present invention more specifically discloses a tire having a tread comprising (1) a rubbery polymer, (2) a silica coupling agent, and (3) a surface metalated siliceous filler.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for minimizing the effects of metamerism between a set of color standards (e.g., nitrocellulose lacquers) and inkjet printed color merchandise (e.g., paint chips) under a plurality of illuminants, including a balanced illuminant that emulates lighting conditions between cool (6500 K) and warm (2856 K) color temperatures. For each color standard, one selects an ink combination that best produces color merchandise having a minimal degree of metamerism. Innovatively, a combination of instrumental and visual tests is used to evaluate color difference for a set of color standards-color merchandise pairs under a plurality of illuminants. If a color standard-color merchandise pair fails either test then the ink combination may be adjusted.

Abstract: Techniques for modifying packet filters in a wireless communication network are described. In one scheme, packet filters may be performed with multiple operations, if needed. The operation(s) to be performed and the order of performing the operation(s) may be dependent on the number of existing packet filters to be replaced (N) and the number of new packet filters (M). If N=M, then N packet filters in a traffic filter template may be replaced with a single operation. If N>M, then M packet filters in the traffic filter template may be replaced first, and N?M packet filters may be deleted from the traffic filter template next. If N<M, then M?N new packet filters may be added to the traffic filter template first, and N packet filters in the traffic filter template may be replaced next. In another scheme, packet filters are modified with a single operation using dummy packet filters, if needed.