Abstract: The present invention is related to an enhanced equalizer using channel estimation. A scaled version of a channel estimate is used as an expected average behavior of the product of a transmitted signal and a received signal to implement Griffith algorithm. The present invention also uses advance or prediction of a channel estimate to overcome the lag problem inherent in a least means square (LMS) algorithm in a time varying channel. Therefore, the present invention enables the use of a small step size while attaining the same tracking capability with a large step size. A channel estimate at some time in the future is used for updating equalizer filter tap coefficients. This may be performed with a prediction filter. Alternatively, a delay may be introduced in the input data to the filter tap coefficient generator, which makes a channel estimate look like a prediction to the filter tap coefficient generator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Radio Local Area Network (RLAN) that includes a Radio Access Network Internet Protocol (RAN IP) gateway that enables connectivity to the Internet. The RAN IP gateway is configured to use predetermined interfaces to couple with Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) and base stations to provide an IP connection to the Internet for user equipment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a two-wavelength semiconductor laser device, more particularly, to a fabrication method of a multi-wavelength semiconductor laser device. In this method, a substrate having an upper surface separated into at least first and second areas is provided. Then, a first dielectric mask on the substrate is formed to expose only the first area. Then, epitaxial layers for a first semiconductor laser are grown on the first area of the substrate. Then, a second dielectric mask on the substrate is formed to expose only the second area. Then, epitaxial layers for a second semiconductor laser are grown on the second area of the substrate.

Abstract: A method for controlling the communications of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in a wireless network using presence and situation information begins by generating presence and situation information pertaining to the WTRU. The presence and situation data is stored and, subsequently, retrieved upon receipt of a communication at the WTRU. The communication settings of the WTRU are adjusted by using the presence and situation information.

Abstract: A spoked wheel for a bicycle is described, having a hub, a rim, and a plurality of spokes, which connect the hub to the rim. The spokes are arranged in groups set at an angular distance from one another. At least two spokes of each group (R), viewed in the direction of the axis of the wheel, cross over one another.

Abstract: A communications system improves performance of detecting a signal having an indication of a request to change communications states by making at least two positive identifications of the request in a given time frame. The system may further improve performance by applying a difference in power levels for a non-request state (i.e., steady state or ‘control hold’ state) versus a request state (i.e., ‘request to change’ state). In one particular application, a base station determines a request to change communications states with a reasonably high probability of detection and a reasonably low probability of false detection. The system has a reduced number of erroneous communications states, such as erroneous traffic channel allocations. The detection technique is compatible with 1xEV-DV systems and I-CDMA systems, but general enough to support systems employing various other communications protocols used in wired and wireless communications systems.

Abstract: An insertion part is provided in the form of a back-flow preventer and which can be inserted in a gas or liquid line. An insertion part is also provided that can be inserted into a gas or liquid line in the form of a flow regulator. The insertion parts are characterizedin that they comprise an annular lip shaped part which, togther with its annular body, is held inside the housing and which has at least one controlling lip (9), with the controlling lip being displaced by the fluid, and/or at least one sealing lip (14). The insertion part can be used in a versatile manner and is characterized by the simple production thereof as well as by having a uniform and reliable functioning.

Abstract: Data is transferred in a wireless communication system, such as a wireless spread spectrum communication system. A plurality of transmitting antennas are provided. Data is encoded to produce a plurality of data streams for each of the plurality of codes. The plurality of data streams are spread with the plurality of spreading codes, and for each transmitting antenna, one of the spread data streams of each code together is combined to produce a spread data vector. Each transmitting antenna transmits its spread data vector. The transmitted spread data vectors are received by each of a plurality of receiving antennas as a received version, and the data is recovered using the received versions.

Abstract: A backflow preventer (1) having a mounting housing (2) that is inserted into a fluid conduit (3) is provide and includes at least one sealing ring (4) which is supported within an annular groove (5) located on the outer circumference of the mounting housing (2) and has a sealing effect between the mounting housing (2) and the fluid conduit (3). The backflow preventer provides that the sealing ring (4) can be moved counter to a restoring force from a sealing position into a leakage position so as to compensate pressure when the backflow preventer (1) is closed and a fluid volume is sealed on the outflow side, thereby conteracting an excessive increase in internal pressure.

Abstract: An analog/digital gain control device avoid some of the requirements associated with the nature of a closed-loop AGC circuits and which meets the remaining requirements without much difficulty uses an analog to digital conversion method that increases the number of effective ADC bits by compressing the baseband input analog signal using a logarithmic circuit. After the compressed analog signal is converted into a digital signal, a digital anti-log process or look-up table (LUT) is used to expand the digital signal back to the original linear scale. The word size of the output of the anti-log process is larger than the input word size due to the nature of the anti-log function. To reduce the word size of the digital signal an open loop normalization technique can be applied.

Abstract: A force-transmitting arrangement (4) for a valve train (1) of an internal-combustion engine (2) with hydraulic valve play compensation device (6) with a hollow cylindrical compensation piston (15) is provided. The compensation piston (15) borders, on one end, a working space (32) of the valve play compensation device (6) and, on the other end, a hydraulic medium reservoir (33), which is used for supplying the working space (32) and which is connected to a hydraulic medium supply (18) of the internal-combustion engine (2). A run-off safety device (22, 22a, 22b) at least partially prevents a hydraulic medium flow from the hydraulic medium reservoir (33) in the direction of the hydraulic medium supply (18).

Abstract: A medium access control-high speed (MAC-hs) comprises a hybrid automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) device configured to receive data blocks over a wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA) high speed-downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH). The H-ARQ device generates an acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) for each said data block received. Each received data block having a transmission sequence number. The H-ARQ device receives a new transmission instead of a pending retransmission at any time. At least one reordering device has an input configured to receive an output of the H-ARQ device and the at least one reordering device configured to reorder the received data blocks based on each received data block's transmission sequence number (TSN). Received data blocks are immediately forwarded for processing for higher layers when the received data blocks are received in sequence.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method and apparatus for providing service availability information to a user in a wireless communication system. After receiving a beacon signal from a base station, a WTRU measures a power level and an interference level of the beacon signal. A target SIR and a power offset for each service is pre-defined and stored in a memory of the WTRU. A processor calculates an estimated SIR for each service, and generates a service availability indicator by dividing the estimated SIR with a target SIR for each service. A user is informed of the availability of various services simply by looking at the display of the WTRU.

Abstract: A thrust washer (9) for planet gears (6) of a planetary gearbox is provided that is made form a tempered, cold rolled strip having a flatness less than or equal to 0.03 mm, and a hardness ranging from 370 to 580 HV. The thrust washer (9) can be produced in a particularly cost effective manner by making it from an appropriate initial stock having the desired final properties.

Abstract: A guide rail assembly for slidably opening and closing a drawer within an enclosure is disclosed. The assembly comprises a mounting bracket (10) for fixing the assembly to the enclosure, a fixed rail (20) on the mounting bracket for receiving an intermediate rail (30), an intermediate rail capable of sliding back and forth relative to the fixed rail, an outer pull out guide (40) for attachment to the drawer and being capable of sliding back and forth on the intermediate rail relative to the intermediate rail and the fixed rail, a protrusion (43) on the bottom surface of the outer pull out guide, a damping device (80) and a channel guide (60) disposed along the mounting bracket adjacent the fixed rail. The damping device is resiliently compressible in a lengthwise direction and the channel guide is provided with a sliding member (70).

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention signal/control messages are embedded as packets in the payloads of SMS messages. The SMS messages are transmitted in a cellular network employing SMPP protocol. SMS messages intended to traverse an TCP/IP network are introduced to the TCP/IP network employing ICMP protocol. The protocol conversions are performed by a message center (MC), such as a SMS center or an SGSN in a cellular network or a WLAN Access Router when the SMS message is forwarded to a WLAN. The SMS messages are typically created by a mobile user, which is also capable of receiving the SMS messages having a signal/control message in the SMS message payload.