Abstract: A partially spring-loaded drive, particularly for electrically-powered rail vehicles, having a gear which, including an encapsulating gear housing, is seated on the wheel axle, and a pinion that is seated in the gear housing. The coupled motor is fixedly secured to the truck, and the resilient, elastic fastening of the gear housing to the truck is effected by way of at least two elastic spring elements that are mounted nearly vertically and diametrically opposite the pinion shaft, and whose lines of influence extend through the center of the pinion shaft.

Abstract: In an operating arrangement for a gas change valve of an internal combustion engine including an electromagnetic structure having an armature which is connected to the valve and which forms an operating piston disposed in a cylinder for reciprocating movement therein between an upper end position in which the valve is closed and a lower end position in which the valve is open, at least a first electromagnet is arranged adjacent the lower end position of the armature for retaining the armature when the electromagnet is energized, a spring is provided for biasing the valve to a closed position and electro-pneumatic means are provided for supplying gas under pressure to an operating chamber at one side of the piston for actuating the piston in a valve opening direction.

Abstract: A catalyst and a process for producing the catalyst are provided. For the catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x and for the oxidation of hydrocarbons, the catalyst contains a spinel containing the metals copper, zinc and aluminum.

Abstract: A pipe clamp with a headed bolt for securing a pipe connection, in particular pipes of the exhaust system of a motor vehicle which are to be connected to one another, in the case of which the end of a first pipe is pushed into an axially slit end of a second pipe and, when the headed bolt is tightened, the pipe clamp, fitted on the slit pipe end, connects the two pipe ends to one another in a frictionally locking manner, is to be secured against a reduction in clamping force. For this purpose, the pipe clamp is formed of a material which has a higher coefficient of expansion than does the material of the pipes which are to be connected. The head of the headed bolt is elongated, in order to avoid impermissibly high local stressing during tightening of the pipe clamp. Due to the elongate form of the head of a headed bolt, the forces on the pipe clamp which support the tightening torque are reduced by a lengthening of the lever arm with respect to the axis of the headed bolt.

Abstract: A vehicle steering system has an electronic control system for coupling a steering device and the steered wheels of the vehicle, with the steering angle setpoint signal passing though a filter before a setpoint/actual value comparison is made. The filter passes essentially only those frequencies below an adjustable transition frequency. A switch is made to a low transition frequency when there is to be a direct translation between the steering device and the steered wheels of the vehicle.

Abstract: In a venting arrangement for an internal combustion engine having a cylinder head with an intake duct structure consisting of plastic material and including intake passages, an inlet stub for connection to a vent pipe, and an outlet for communication with the intake passages, the intake duct structure includes a passage with a metal sleeve and a bolt extending through the metal sleeve for mounting the intake duct structure to the cylinder head while firmly engaging the metal sleeve with the cylinder head and a throttle structure which limits the vent flow from the inlet stub to the outlet intake ducts is formed in the passage adjacent the metal sleeve so as to be heated by the metal sleeve.

Abstract: A movable roof construction for an open or convertible passenger car with a two-part foldable hardtop. To prevent the occurrence of wind noises in the area of the bordering of the two hardtop parts, a locking mechanism is provided between the two parallelogram control arms on each side of the parallelogram linkage. The locking mechanism is restrictedly coupled by transmission devices to the locking device of the forward roof part on the windshield cross member. Thereby, for a release of the parallelogram control arms, the locking mechanism can be unlocked together with an unlocking of the locking device.

Abstract: Longitudinal diode-pumped solid-state lasers currently have maximum power outputs of no more than a few watts. By using resonators with several reflection sites inside the active medium, the output power of these lasers can be boosted accordingly. The configuration proposed here differs from known designs in being far easier to handle and less costly to manufacture.

Abstract: A power train in a motor vehicle has an automated clutch which is operated by a control unit by way of an actuator. The control unit receives signals from various parts of the engine, from the brake or brakes and from the transmission; such signals are processed and transmitted to the clutch by way of the actuator so that, when the vehicle is to carry out a crawling movement, the torque being transmitted by the then partly engaged clutch is properly related to the engine torque to ensure a predictable crawling movement of the vehicle regardless of eventual shifts of the operating point of the clutch and/or fluctuations of other parameters of the engine, transmission and/or clutch. The crawling movement can begin when the brake(s) is or are idle, the gas pedal is not depressed, and the engine is running; and crawling movement begins in response to shifting of the transmission into gear.

Abstract: Otto internal-combustion engines having one injector respectively per cylinder for the internal mixture formation can be operated at full load or high partial load by fuel injection in the suction stroke of the piston and, at medium or low partial load, with a compression stroke injection. The compression stroke injection, which is advantageous in this load range, because of low average combustion space temperatures and the tendency to form deposits in the combustion space because of residues of liquid fuel and the resulting impaired operating conditions, can partially be carried out only to a limited degree.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing NO.sub.x from the exhaust of internal combustion engines. The apparatus has a porous absorbent body saturated with a liquid alkaline electrolyte for absorption of NO.sub.x as nitrate and nitrite, in which body electrodes are distributed pairwise for electrochemical decomposition of the nitrate and nitrite to form nitrogen. The method uses the apparatus of the invention to decompose nitrates and nitrites into diatomic nitrogen.

Abstract: A car seat is provided with fold-down seatbacks and an associated safety-belt system. The shoulder belt of the safety-belt system in the upper corner of the seatback from the direction of the outside of the car, exits through a slot-like opening of a covering on the seatback in the direction of the belt user, and a seatback release is arranged at a distance from the safety-belt deflector. So that the seatback release does not have to be configured and built individually for car seats of the most varied kinds, a unit which is mountable on the contour of the seatback and accommodates the belt deflector and the seatback release, is prefabricated as an assembly unit.

Abstract: A steering system for a passenger motor vehicle has a lower steering spindle. A rubber-elastic damping block is provided as a damping device, and one or more guide members which project freely along the spindle axis is assigned to each respective spindle part. The guide members of the opposite spindle parts are axially slidably in opposite directions disposed in corresponding guide receiving devices of the damping block. The axial displaceability of the guide members is limited within the guide receiving devices by axial securing devices assigned to each spindle part.

Abstract: In a fuel injection system for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine with magnetic valve controlled direct injection fuel injectors of which each includes a housing having an injection nozzle with a nozzle needle biased into a closed position by a spring disposed in a spring chamber, and a magnetic valve controlled control piston having a valve structure at one end for controlling high pressure fuel admission to a fuel supply passage leading to the needle nozzle, the spring chamber is in communication with the fuel supply passage by a communication passage including a throttle structure permitting limited fuel flow to the spring chamber such that, upon failure of the injector resulting in a continuous pressurization of the fuel supply passage, the pressure in the spring chamber builds up to seat the nozzle needle thereby interrupting fuel ejection from the injector.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with a turbocharger including a turbine and a charge air compressor an exhaust gas recirculation line branches off the exhaust pipe downstream of the turbine and leads to a three way mixing valve which is also in communication with a fresh air supply line through which fresh air is supplied to the charge air compressor and then, under increased pressure to the engine, and from which a supply line extends to the fresh air supply line downstream of the charge air compressor, and means are disposed in the supply line for increasing the pressure of the gas in the supply line to the pressure of the fresh air downstream of the charge air compressor for admixing the gas mixture prepared by the mixing valve to the fresh air supplied to the engine.

Abstract: A folding roof arrangement for a motor vehicle is provided with a folding cover whose forward end is fastened to a transversely extending roof cap which can be locked by way of locking members on the motor vehicle body when the roof is closed. The folding roof arrangement is provided with lateral folding top frames with which the roof cap is displaceably connected. The locking members have closing members which are arranged on the roof cap and which are applied to tensioning elements arranged on the motor vehicle body. The locking members displace the roof cap in the x-direction toward the front relative to the folding top frames for end position locking.

Abstract: A connector assembly that is subjected to alternating loads by an axial flow of force between zero and various maximum values, with an outer assembly component designed as a hollow section and an inner assembly component located in the outer one and fitting by virtue of its shape. In order to detect failure of the assembly caused by a fatigue fracture produced by overloads at the end point in the assembly direction, even before it develops, in a simple fashion within the functional assembly, the assembly comprises a rear area with play that begins at the end of the connection that points in the assembly direction and a forward zero-play area of the inner assembly component that abuts the latter and is located inside the outer assembly component.

Abstract: A fuel-injection nozzle consists of a nozzle housing terminating in a nozzle tip, a pintle guided in the housing, the pintle is pressed by spring action against a conical valve seat in the nozzle tip, the conical valve seat has a plurality of spray holes selectively covered by the conical end of the pintle and passing into a blind hole, the corresponding imaginary cylinder surface area (M) which results, along the extension of each spray hole, between the conical end of the pintle and the conical valve seat being smaller at the end of the first phase of the stroke than the cross-sectional area (Q) of the corresponding spray hole. In order further to improve the emission behavior as a whole, the imaginary cylinder surface area (M) is at most 0.3 times the cross-sectional area (Q) of the corresponding spray hole and the entrance zone into the spray hole is rounded with a radius of at least one-tenth the diameter of the spray hole.

Abstract: In a reforming reactor suitable particularly for the water vapor reforming of methanol in mobile applications such as vehicles, a reaction space is filled with a catalyst pellet fill and has a movable reaction space wall which exerts a position-fixing pressure onto the catalyst pellet fill. According to the invention, a filling device is provided through which catalyst material can be filled from the outside into the reaction space through a passage opening formed in one of the reaction space walls.

Abstract: In a turbocharger and exhaust gas manifold arrangement on a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust gas manifold with an exhaust gas collection chamber having a discharge flange connected to a connecting flange of an exhaust gas turbocharger, the discharge flange and, accordingly, the turbocharger are arranged at a longitudinal end of the exhaust gas manifold adjacent the front end of the engine.