Abstract: A defect recognition device is provided for internal-combustion engines, as well as a process for operating an internal-combustion engine having at least two exhaust gas trains, with one lambda probe respectively being in each exhaust gas train. A joint measuring device detects the supplied air and a joint timing device apportions the fuel. The lambda probes, which generate a continuous signal for the lambda value of the exhaust gas, are used to provide improved defect recognition. The defect recognition device recognizes a defect when the signals supplied by the lambda probes deviate from one another.

Abstract: A process and system for the treatment of substrates using ions from a low-voltage arc discharge. Before coating with an anti-wear layer, the substrates are etched by ion bombardment in order to enhance the adhesion of the anti-wear layer, and the layer which is growing is influenced during the coating by ion bombardment in order to improve the elastic behavior of brittle hard-material layers. The process increases the capacity of the plasma of a low-voltage arc discharge to penetrate the three-dimensional structures of tools, machine parts and items of practical use, and thus effects more uniform treatment by the ion bombardment and therefore better layer properties in indentations. A prerequisite is a hollow substrate arrangement in which the discharge is not prevented from spreading to the substrates. The process, and the system suitable therefore, can be combined with many PVD coating sources, for example with arc sources, cathodic sputtering sources, or a low-voltage arc source.

Abstract: The invention provides the replacing of the known "macroscopic" processes by a "microscopic" approach control strategy for an NOx accumulator. The regeneration phases after approximately 30 seconds of a lean operation, which last approximately one second in the state of the art, is replaced by a rich operating cycle after a sequence of lean ones. The number of lean operating cycles which can be carried out before a regenerating operating cycle depends on the combustion process of the internal-combustion engine as well as on the construction and the volume of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to new amino acid derivatives of general formula ##STR1## wherein R, U, V, Y, n, m and R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are defined as in claim 1, their tautomers, diastereomers, enantiomers, mixtures thereof and salts thereof, particularly the physiologically acceptable salts thereof with inorganic or organic acids or bases, which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly selective NPY-antagonistic properties, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, the use thereof and processes for preparing them.

Abstract: A slide rail includes a slide lining body and a carrier which consist of a wear-resistant and mechanically highly stressable plastic material. The slide rail is held at one location by means of a bolt received by a bush on a housing and is provided with a supporting device at a second spaced location. The supporting device, which eliminates the need for a second bolt and a bush, is formed by a supporting section of the housing and a supported area of the slide rail. The supported area also consists of a wear-resistant plastic material.

Abstract: A control device for a vehicle having two roofs; a first roof which is permanently attached to the vehicle, and a second roof which can be removed from the vehicle. In order for the control device to no longer operate the first roof when the second roof is mounted and connected to a locking mechanism which serves as a releasable connection of both roofs with a windshield frame of a vehicle, a transmitter is arranged such that it sends a signal if the locking mechanism is in the proper locked position. A second transmitter is provided which sends a signal when the first roof is open. As a result, the control device suppresses the operation of the first roof if signals from both transmitters are received simultaneously.

Abstract: A vehicle-body-side air guiding device guides a first air current A such that it, is blown out directly in front of and exclusively in the area of the front wheels through blow-out openings provided on the bottom side of the vehicle in the direction of the roadway and, in the driving operation, forms an air wedge so that the air current B flowing through between the roadway and the bottom side of the vehicle is guided around the front wheels. So that the front wheel lift is not increased during the blowing-out of the air current, it is provided that, viewed in the flow direction of the air current, one deflection blade respectively is provided which is connected behind the blow-out openings and which deflects the air current emerging from the outlet openings toward the exterior side of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method controls opening of a folding top of a vehicle. The folding top is openable and closable in a power-operated manner, and a locking device is provided for the releasable connection of the folding top with a windshield frame. The position of the locking device is optimized during a movement of the folding top by operating the locking device so that it is in its locked condition in the open as well as in the closed position of the folding top.

Abstract: A reamer for material-removing finishing machining of drilled surfaces in workpieces made of metal. The reamer has a blade insert and two guide bars associated with the blade insert. The first guide bar trails the blade insert, as seen in the direction of rotation of the reamer, by approximately 40.degree. and the second guide bar is arranged opposite the blade insert. The reamer has at least one additional blade insert that leads the second guide bar by approximately 40.degree..

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel antidiabetic compounds, their tautomeric forms, their derivatives, their analogues, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions containing them. This invention particularly relates to novel azolidinediones of the general formula (I), their analogues, their derivatives, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an adjusting device for an exhaust camshaft and an ignition control device. In order to provide an internal combustion engine in which pollutant emissions can be further reduced and stricter limits on pollutant emissions can be met, an adjusting device provided for the intake camshaft is controlled in a partial load range in such fashion that the exhaust camshaft is retarded. At the same time, an ignition control device retards the ignition timing point.

Abstract: In a reciprocating machine having piston/cylinder units arranged in line, a cam member having diametrically opposed cams is fixed to a crankshaft with the cam member arranged in a central transverse plane. A balancing mass is in contact with the cam member by way of a cam roller. The cam roller is maintained in permanent contact with the cam member by a compression spring which is seated against the machine. The cams are identical and neutralize second order free inertial forces.

Abstract: A front axle for a motor vehicle is connected with a leaf spring mounted transversely to the vehicle. The spring is mounted on a cross member by elastic bearings located on both sides of a lengthwise central axis of the vehicle, and connected by these bearings to the vehicle body. A leaf spring is connected at its free ends with an A-arm and is mounted pivotably on a cross member secured to the body. Between the two pivot bearings of the A-arm in the cross member, the leaf spring is secured elastically in a spring bearing.

Abstract: An absolute position-measuring device has several graduation tracks with different graduation periods. Because of the low-pass filter behavior of the scanning elements, scanning signals with a high frequency are effected in the phase. A correction device is provided to compensate this frequency-dependent phase shift (.phi.). As a function of the instantaneous frequency (f) of the scanning signal, the phase of the latter is corrected by a correction value (.phi.) stored in the correction device.

Abstract: A method controls opening and closing of a folding top of a vehicle. The folding top is openable and closable in a power-operated manner and is placeable in a folding top compartment which can be closed by a lid. In order to shorten the time required for the closing and opening of the folding top, at least the lid for the compartment is moved simultaneously with the folding top.

Abstract: A wheel for a motor vehicle has a rim spider provided with air openings and is connected with a rim well. The wheel comprises at least two shell parts which are constructed as a rim well and a rim spider and assembled and which each have an interior wall and an exterior wall. In the area of the air openings, these are connected with one another and each form hollow spokes between one another which, on respective end sides, lead into concentric annuli of the wheel.

Abstract: A position measuring system that includes a scale graduation and a scanning element, wherein the scanning element moves relative to the scale graduation along a measurement direction so as to generate position-dependent, intensity-modulated output signals. The scanning element includes a dynamic characteristic, which has saturation areas adjoining both sides of an at least partially approximately linear operating area, in which no significantly changed output signal results any more, even when the input signal changes. The scanning gap (d) between the scale graduation and the scanning element is selected in such a way that as the scanning element moves over its entire measurement range a modulation between maximum input signals, which are located in the saturation areas of the dynamic characteristic, takes place.