Abstract: The invention relates to biochemical synthesis of 6-amino caproic acid from 6-aminohex-2-enoic acid compound or from 6-amino-2-hydroxyhexanoic acid, by treatment with an enzyme having ?,?-enoate reductase activity towards molecules containing an ?,?-enoate group and a primary amino group. The invention also relates to processes for obtaining suitable genetically engineered cells for being used in such biotransformation process, and to precursor fermentation of 6-amino caproic acid from intermediates leading to 6-amino caproic acid. Finally, the invention relates to certain novel biochemically produced compounds, namely 6-aminohex-2-enoic acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid, as well as to caprolactam produced therefrom and to nylon-6 and other derivatives produced from such biochemically produced compounds or caprolactam.

Abstract: A transistor includes a channel region with a first portion and a second portion. A length of the first portion is smaller than a length of the second portion. The first portion has a higher threshold voltage than the second portion. The lower threshold voltage of the second portion allows for an increased ON current. Despite the increase attained in the ON current, the higher threshold voltage of the first portion maintains or lowers a relatively low OFF current for the transistor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for mixing a first acidic aqueous solution comprising hydroxylammonium and phosphate with a second acidic aqueous solution comprising nitric acid at a temperature between 20 and 80° C. resulting in a third acidic aqueous solution comprising hydroxylammonium, phosphate and nitric acid, wherein in the third acidic aqueous solution the total acid concentration minus the phosphate concentration is lower than 0.523*In([hydroxylammonium]/1.25)+422/(T+81) whereby [hydroxylammonium] is the concentration of hydroxylammonium in the third acidic aqueous solution, T is the temperature of the third acidic aqueous solution expressed in ° C. and all concentrations are expressed in mol/l.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use of MAP and/or ITP or a salt thereof as a nutraceutical, preferably a medicament.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of melamine connected through a carbamate concentration unit, comprising a desorption column in which a gas stream, comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide and water is generated, with a process for the preparation of urea, comprising a heat exchanger wherein a urea containing stream is present, wherein the gas stream, comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide and water, is send to the heat exchanger, wherein heat is exchanged with the urea containing stream and the gas stream, comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide and water is cooled and at least partially condensed to obtain an ammonium carbamate solution that is send to the process for the preparation of urea.

Abstract: The invention relates to crystalline amoxicillin trihydrate powder having a bulk density higher than 0.45 g/ml. The invention also relates to a process for preparing crystalline amoxicillin trihydrate powder, said process comprising: crystallizing amoxicillin trihydrate from a solution containing dissolved amoxicillin; separating the crystals from said solution; and drying the separated crystals, resulting in crystalline powder having a bulk density higher than 0.45 g/ml.

Abstract: The invention relates to plywood, comprising at least two wood veneer layers and at least one adhesive layer, whereby the adhesive layer comprises a resin composition comprising a triazine compound (T), formaldehyde (F) and optionally urea, wherein the molar F/(NH2)2 ratio of the adhesive layer lies between 0.70 and 1.10 and the molar F/T ratio of the adhesive layer lies between 1.0 and 3.5. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of plywood.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation-curable liquid resin composition comprising: (A) 20-90 wt % of a urethane(meth)acrylate oligomer, and (B) 1-35 wt % of a monomer shown by the following formula (1), wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 and R3 individually represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n represents an integer of 1-6, or a monomer including a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate that includes a substrate layer having a first composition of semiconductor material. A source region, drain region, and a channel region are formed in the substrate, with the drain region spaced apart from the source region and the gate region abutting the channel region. The channel region includes a channel layer having a second composition of semiconductor material. Additionally, the substrate layer abuts the channel layer and applies a stress to the channel region along a boundary between the substrate layer and the channel layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making a polyethylene multifilament yarn comprising the steps of a) spinning multiple filaments from a solution comprising between 0.5 and 30 mass % of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene in a solvent; b) cooling the filament obtained to form gel filaments; c) removing at least partly the solvent from the gel filaments; d) drawing the filaments in at least one drawing step before, during or after removing the solvent, wherein the solution of step a) further comprises between 0.1 and 7 mass % of a sorbitol derivative and at step d) the filaments are drawn with a draw ratio of more than 15 to a strength of at least 1 GPa. The invention further relates to a high performance polyethylene multifilament yarn having a strength of at least 1 GPa, wherein the yarn comprises between 0.1 and 5 mass % of a sorbitol derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a ballistic-resistant molded article in which a stack of monolayers is formed, each monolayer containing unidirectionally oriented reinforcing fibers and at most 30 mass % of a plastic matrix material, the reinforcing fibers being highly-drawn polyethylene fibers, and with the fiber direction in each monolayer being rotated with respect to the fiber direction in an adjacent monolayer, the stack then being compressed at a pressure of more than 25 MPa and a temperature between 125 and 150° C., and the plastic matrix material having a 100% modulus of at least 3 MPa.

Abstract: Four new genes, and the enzymes that they encode, are disclosed, which are present in Propionibacterium freudenreichii, and which are involved in at least five steps in the biosynthetic pathway of vitamin B12. The four enzymes are: A: cobyrinic acid a, c-diamide synthase; B: a bifunctional enzyme, which is a cobinamide kinase and a cobinamide phosphate guanyl transferase; C: a cobalamin 5-phosphate synthase; and D: an adenosyl transferase. Genes encoding the four enzymes can be placed in Propionibacteria shuttle vectors and used to transform Propionibacteria hosts, in order to improve the production of vitamin B12 or a precursor thereof on an industrial scale during fermentation.

Abstract: A semiconductor device can include at least a first diffusion region formed by doping a semiconductor substrate and at least a second diffusion region formed by doping the semiconductor substrate that is separated from the first diffusion region by an isolation region. At least a first conductive line can comprise a semiconductor material formed over and in contact with the first diffusion region and the second diffusion region. A portion of the first conductive line in contact with the first diffusion region is doped to an opposite conductivity type as the first diffusion region. At least a second conductive line comprising a semiconductor material is formed in parallel with the first conductive line and over and in contact with the first diffusion region and the second diffusion region. A portion of the second conductive line can be in contact with the first diffusion region and doped to a same conductivity type as the first diffusion region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a metal-organic compound, comprising at least one imine ligand, characterized in that an imine ligand according to formula 1, or the HA adduct thereof, wherein HA represents an acid, of which H represents its proton and A its conjugate base, is contacted with a metal-organic reagent of formula 2 in the presence of at least 1, respectively 2 equivalents of an inorganic or metal-organic base, wherein Y?N-R (formula 1), Y is selected from a substituted carbon, nitrogen or phosphorous atom, R represents a proton, a protic or an aprotic substituent, and the metal organic compound is: MV(L1)k(L2)l(L3)m(L4)nX (formula 2) wherein: M represents a group 4 or group 5 metal ion, V represents the valency of the metal ion, being 3, 4 or 5, L1, L2, L3, and L4 represent ligands on M and may be equal or different, X represents a group 17 halogen atom, and k, 1, m, n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4 with k+l+m+n+l=V.

Abstract: A junction field effect transistor comprises a semiconductor substrate. A first impurity region of a first conductivity type is formed in the substrate. A second impurity region of the first conductivity type is formed in the substrate and spaced apart from the first impurity region. A channel region of the first conductivity type is formed between the first and second impurity regions. A gate region of a second conductivity type is formed in the substrate between the first and second impurity regions. A gap region is formed in the substrate between the gate region and the first impurity region such that the first impurity region is spaced apart from the gate region.

Abstract: A junction field effect transistor comprises a semiconductor substrate. A source region of a first conductivity type is formed in the substrate. A drain region of the first conductivity type is formed in the substrate. A channel region of the first conductivity type is formed in the substrate. A gate region of a second conductivity type is formed in the substrate between the source and drain regions. A first virtual link region is formed in the substrate between the gate region and either the source region or the drain region. A dielectric material overlays the first virtual link region. A first electrode region overlays the dielectric material.

Abstract: Edible formulations, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as pharmaceutical compositions or nutritional supplements, are disclosed comprising arachidonic acid (ARA). They are adapted to deliver from 150 mg to 1 g per day of ARA and may contain other PUFAs, for example docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The DHA dosage is from 400 to 600 mg per day, and the ratio of ARA:DHA may be from 1:5 to 5:1. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising ARA and DHA at a ratio of ARA:DHA of 1:1 to 1:2 are also disclosed, as are foodstuffs comprising 0.1 to 5% ARA. Such formulations can be used to increase ARA levels in vivo, for example in pregnant women or for people who have diseases or conditions associated with low ARA levels.

Abstract: An improved pasteurization protocol for pasteurizing microbial cells is disclosed. The protocol has three stages, a first heating stage, a second plateau stage at which the cells are held at a (maximum and) constant temperature, and a third cooling stage. Both the heating and the cooling stages are rapid, with the temperature of the cells passing through 40 to 80° C. in no more than 30 minutes in the heating stage. The heating rate is at least 0.5° C./minute and during cooling is at least ?0.5° C./minute. The plateau maximum temperature is from 70 to 85° C. By plotting the pasteurization protocol on a time (t, minutes) versus temperature (T, ° C.) graph, one obtains a trapezium having an area less than 13,000° C. minute. Not only does this result in a smaller energy input (and so a reduction in costs), but a better quality (and less oxidized) oil results having a peroxide value (POV) of less than 1.5 and an anisidine value (AnV) of less than 1.0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing chiral ?-hydroxycarboxylic crystalline acids consisting in transforming cyanhydrins (R) or (S) into ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids (R) or (S), respectively by enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of Rhodococcus erythropolis NCIMB 11540.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a kit and a method for a fast and direct determination of the coagulation potential of a sample of blood or plasma utilising a thrombin substrate. The kit comprises at least one activator of the plasmatic coagulation system and a thrombin substrate with a KM preferably less than or equal to 200 ?M in a relatively low concentration with respect to the sample whereby the substrate is wholly consumed within 5 to 600 seconds. Observations are made leading to a determination of the maximum rate of substrate consumption.