Abstract: Enhanced hole mobility p-type JFET and fabrication methods. A p-type junction field effect transistor including a substrate of n-type, a source region and a drain region formed in the substrate; wherein the source region and the drain region are p-type doped and at least one of the source region and the drain region is formed with silicon-germanium compound (Si1-xGex), a p-type channel disposed between the source and the drain in the substrate; wherein compressive stress is induced in the p-type channel substantially along a channel length by the Si1-xGex, and an n-type gate region within the p-type channel. The n-type gate region is electrically coupled to a gate contact that is operable to modulate a depletion width of the p-type channel.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of enantiomerically enriched compounds of formula Ar—C(R1)—C(R2)-Z wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted (hetero)aryl group R1 and R2, each independently, represent H, an alkyl, (hetero)aryl, dialkylamino, amido, thioether, alkoxy or aryloxy group with the proviso that not both R1 and R2 represent H, or R1 and R2 form together with the C-atoms to which they are bound a (hetero)alkyl or (hetero)alkenyl ring and Z represents an electron withdrawing group, in which process a boronic acid derivate of formula Ar—B(OR3)OR4 or its anhydride, wherein R3 and R4, each independently, represent H or an alkyl group, is reacted with an olefinic unsaturated compound of formula R2—C?C—(R1)Z in the presence of a transition metal catalyst comprising a transition metal chosen from Cu and group VIII and an enantiomerically enriched ligand L, having formula (I) where Cn together with the two O-atoms and the P-atom forms a substituted or nonsubstituted ring with 2-6 C-atoms, R5 and R6 each ind

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate that includes a substrate layer having a first composition of semiconductor material. A source region, drain region, and a channel region are formed in the substrate, with the drain region spaced apart from the source region and the gate region abutting the channel region. The channel region includes a channel layer having a second composition of semiconductor material. Additionally, the substrate layer abuts the channel layer and applies a stress to the channel region along a boundary between the substrate layer and the channel layer.

Abstract: Process for fabrication of MOS semiconductor structures and transistors such as CMOS structures and transistors with thin gate oxide, polysilicon surface contacts having thickness on the order of 500 Angstroms or less and with photo-lithographically determined distances between the gate surface contact and the source and drain contacts. Semiconductor devices having polysilicon surface contacts wherein the ratio of the vertical height to the horizontal dimension is approximately unity. Small geometry Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) transistor with thin polycrystalline surface contacts and method and process for making the MOS transistor. MOS and CMOS transistors and process for making. Process for making transistors using Silicon Nitride layer to achieve strained Silicon substrate. Strained Silicon devices and transistors wherein fabrication starts with strained Silicon substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate of semiconductor material. A source region, a drain region, and a conducting region of the semiconductor device are formed in the substrate and doped with a first type of impurities. The conducting region is operable to conduct current between the drain region and the source region when the semiconductor device is operating in an on state. A gate region is also formed in the substrate and doped with a second type of impurities. The gate region abuts a channel region of the conducting region. A stress layer is deposited on at least a portion of the conducting region. The stress layer applies a stress to the conducting region along a boundary of the conducting region that strains at least a portion of the conducting region.

Abstract: A transistor includes a channel region with a first portion and a second portion. A length of the first portion is smaller than a length of the second portion. The first portion has a higher threshold voltage than the second portion. The lower threshold voltage of the second portion allows for an increased ON current. Despite the increase attained in the ON current, the higher threshold voltage of the first portion maintains or lowers a relatively low OFF current for the transistor.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate, comprising an insulation layer formed on semiconductor material, and a fin structure. The fin structure is formed of semiconductor material and extends from the SOI substrate. Additionally, the fin structure includes a source region, a drain region, a channel region, and a gate region. The source region, drain region, and the channel region are doped with a first type of impurities, and the gate region is doped with a second type of impurities. The gate region abuts the channel region along at least one boundary, and the channel region is operable to conduct current between the drain region and the source region when the semiconductor device is operating in an on state.

Abstract: An aqueous composition with a sediment content ?5%, comprising a polyurethane dispersion wherein the polyurethane has an acid value in the range of from 25 to 65 mgKOH/g and comprises (i) 36 to 60 wt % of at least one aromatic polyisocyanate and where the polyurethane is prepared in the presence of (a) ?5 wt % of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone by weight of the polyurethane, (b) 5 to 100 wt % of 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone by weight of polyurethane and (c) water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermoplastic composition comprising (a) an aromatic polycarbonate and/or a polyester, and (b) an effective amount of a mould release agent containing (b1) a fatty acid ester of an aliphatic polyol having 2-6 hydroxy groups and an aliphatic C10-C36 carboxylic acid; and (b2) a saturated alpha-olefin oligomer of at least one C6-C18 alpha-olefin; the mass ratio of components (b1) and (b2) being from 1/9 to 9/1. With this thermoplastic composition a very regular injection moulding processing is possible, with lower release forces needed during demoulding of parts, and with shorter total moulding cycle-times. The invention further concerns the use of the thermoplastic composition according to the invention for injection moulding of articles and to moulded articles thus obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a 2,4-dideoxyhexose or a 2,4,6-trideoxyhexose from a substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl compound with at least 2 carbon atoms and at least one ?-hydrogen atom and a substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde in the presence of an aldolase and water, the reaction between the substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl compound with at least 2 carbon atoms and at least one ?-hydrogen atom and the substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde being carried out at a carbonyl concentration of at most 6 moles/l of reaction mixture and the final concentration of the 2,4-dideoxyhexose or the 2,4,6-trideoxyhexose being at least 2 mass % of the reaction mixture. The invention also relates to the use of a 2,4-dideoxyhexose or a 2,4,6-trideoxyhexose obtained by means of a process according to the invention in the preparation of a medicine, particularly in the preparation of a statine.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition having a 60° gloss of ?40 upon drying comprising a self-crosslinkable polyurethane obtained by the reaction of: (A) an isocyanate-terminated pre-polymer formed from components which comprise (i) 5 to 65 wt % of at least one organic polyisocyanate; (ii) 0.

Abstract: The present Invention relates to enzymes involved in the Synthesis of Coenzyme Q-10, i.e., decaprenyl diphosphate (DPP) synthase and 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase, to isolated DNA encoding said enzymes and to methods for the microbial production of Coenzyme Q-10.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a tocopheryl acylate which comprises reacting a tocopherol with an acylating agent in the presence of a solid basic catalyst comprising, an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal preferably on a solid carrier and to the use of such catalysts in the acylation of tocopherols.

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising at least one vinyl graft copolymer (A) and at least one vinyl polymer (B) obtained by a process comprising steps a) polymerising at least one vinyl monomer to obtain at least one macromonomer with a Tg1>15° C.; b) polymerising at least one vinyl monomer in the presence of the macromonomer prepared in step a) to form a polymeric backbone of said vinyl graft copolymer (A); c) polymerising at least one vinyl monomer in the presence of the vinyl graft copolymer (A) prepared in step b), to form said vinyl polymer (B); and where vinyl polymer (B) has a Tg2 lower than the Tg1 of the macromonomer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulphonic acid salt of an amino acid alkyl ester The invention further relates to a process for the esterification of an organic acid into the corresponding organic acid ester comprising bringing the organic acid into contact with a strong acid and a solution comprising dialkylcarbonate in a reaction mixture. The invention further relates to the use of a sulphonic acid salt of an amino acid alkyl ester in the synthesis of a ?-lactam antibiotic.

Abstract: The invention relates to new processes for the preparation of antireflective coatings and coated substrates, as well as articles produced by these processes. These coatings can include one or more layers made of materials which form nano-structured and/or nano-porous surfaces. The process can include applying a cross-linkable hard coat to a substrate, partially curing or cross-linking the hard coat, and then applying a second coat carried by a solvent or mixture of solvents capable of swelling the partially cured hard coat. The second coat is then cross-linked and grafted to the hard coat to produce a durable coated substrate with antireflective properties.

Abstract: The extraction of a microbial or single cell oil, for example comprising one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), directly from microbial cells is disclosed which avoids the need for solvents. After fermentation, the microbial cells are pasteurised, washed and the cell walls lysed or disrupted by a mechanical (e.g. homogenisation), physical (boiling or drying), chemical (solvents) or enzymatic (cell wall degrading enzymes) technique. The oil (containing the PUFA) is then separated from the resulting cell wall debris. This is achieved by centrifugation, which results in an oily phase (top layer) that contains the oil which that can be separated from an aqueous phase (containing the cell wall debris). The oil can then be extracted and if necessary the PUFA can be purified or isolated from the oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fermentation method of astaxanthin using Phaffia rhodozyma comprising the steps of: (a) in the growing phase, feeding of a nutrient medium containing glucose or sucrose based on the specific growth rate (?) of Phaffia rhodozyma cells, and (b) in the astaxanthin production phase, feeding of the nutrient medium based on the astaxanthin production rate, while keeping the glucose concentration in the fermentation broth almost 0 g/L during the whole fermentation period.

Abstract: An electrical connector device can be formed to be substantially fluid tight. This device can comprise a body having teeth and an optional insert having two sides with at least two sets of teeth wherein a first set of teeth is disposed on a first side of the insert, and a second set of teeth are disposed on a second side of the insert. The first set of teeth are for mating with the teeth on the body to form a substantially sealed connection between the insert and the body. There can also be a sealing nut for securing over the insert and the body, wherein the sealing nut includes a set of teeth wherein when the sealing nut is screwed down onto the body, the set of teeth on the sealing nut mate with the second set of teeth on the insert to form a substantially sealed connection between the sealing nut and the insert. The spacer then keeps each of these soldered wires separate from each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DNA encoding a novel flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent D-erythronate 4-phosphate (EN4P) dehydrogenase originated from Sinorhizobium meliloti, which is involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis, and a recombinant microorganism transformed with a vector having the DNA. It also relates to a process for production of vitamin B6 by using the recombinant microorganism. “Vitamin B6” as used in this invention includes pyridoxol (PN), pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. Vitamin B6 is a vitamin indispensable to human beings or other animals, and is used as a raw material of medicines or as feed additives.