Abstract: The integrated capacitor structure comprises a first branch with a first capacitor (60) and a second branch with a second capacitor (70). The second capacitor (70) has a higher capacitance density and a lower breakdown voltage than the first capacitor (60). The first branch has a shorter RC time constant than the second branch, such that a voltage peak will substantially follow the first branch. This first capacitor (60) has a sufficient capacity to store the charge of the voltage peak. In one embodiment, the second capacitor (70) is a stacked capacitor. The structure is suitable for ESD-protection and may, to this end, additionally comprise diodes (21) and resistors (22).

Abstract: A power converter comprising an inductor for receiving energy from a power supply, and connected to the inductor an output capacitor for providing an output voltage. In order to ensure a quick compensation of a reduction of load at the voltage output using few output capacitors, an additional current path is arranged in parallel either to the inductor or to the capacitor, which additional current path can be opened and closed. A current flowing through the additional current path reaches basically immediately a desired value, when the additional current path is opened. Feedback means are moreover provided for opening the additional current path, when the output voltage reaches a predetermined maximum value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a MEMS resonator having at least one mode shape comprising: a substrate (2) having a surface (12), and a resonator structure (1), wherein the resonator structure (1) is part of the substrate (2), characterized in that the resonator structure (1) is defined by a first closed trench (3) and a second closed trench (3), the first trench (3) being located inside the second trench (3) so as to form a tube structure (1) inside the substrate (2), and the resonator structure (1) being released from the substrate (2) only in directions parallel to the surface (12). The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such a MEMS resonator.

Abstract: A tunnel transistor includes source diffusion (4) of opposite conductivity type to a drain diffusion (6) so that a depletion layer is formed between source and drain diffusions in a lower doped region (8). An insulated gate (16) controls the position and thickness of the depletion layer. The device includes a quantum well formed in accumulation layer (20) which is made of a different material to the lower layer (2) and cap layer (22).

Abstract: A circuit has a plurality of functional circuits (100a-f), each with multiphase control inputs. A control circuit drives the inputs for each phase in parallel. The control circuit (120a-c) comprises a chain of one-shot circuits (120a-c), each comprising a bi-stable circuit (121). The bi-stable circuit (121) of a first one-shot circuit in the chain has a set input coupled to the basic control signal input (126), the bi-stable circuits (121) of a remaining or each remaining one-shot circuit (120a-c) in the chain have a set input output of its predecessor in the chain. Each bi-stable circuit (121) has an output coupled to a respective one of the multiphase control outputs (14a-c) and a reset input coupled to the respective one of the multiphase control outputs (14a-c). Loading of the multiphase control outputs (14a-c) by the functional circuits results in a delay of the reset.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a temperature (T) of a plurality of memory elements (10) having a temperature-dependent probability (P) of assuming a particular bit value, the method comprising: triggering (110) the plurality of memory elements (10) to assume the particular bit value; reading out (120) the contents of the plurality of memory elements (10) to obtain read data (D), and processing (130) the read data (D) for determining a value (Vact) indicative of the temperature (T). The invention also relates to a program product comprising instructions for causing a processor to perform the method. Such computer program is advantageously used in a smartcard, which then does not need any structural modification at all. The invention further relates to a system for determining a temperature (T) of a plurality of memory elements (10). Such system is advantageously implemented in an integrated circuit, wherein the plurality of memory elements (10) forms part of an integrated memory.

Abstract: A flexible wristband includes conductive silicone rubber loops and an insulating rubber portion. The conductive silicone rubber loops are formed parallel to one another, and substantially define a circumference of the wristband. The conductive silicone loops are connected through a radio frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuit package to form a loop antenna. The insulating silicone rubber portion is formed parallel to the conductive silicone rubber loops, separating the conductive silicone rubber loops and providing an insulating break in the conductive loops. The RFID integrated circuit package includes multiple terminals respectively connected to the conductive silicone rubber loops to create a loop antenna, enabling the RFID integrated circuit package to transmit data through the loop antenna.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device (10) with a substrate (11) and a semiconductor body (12) which is provided with at least one bipolar transistor having an emitter region (1), a base region (2) and a collector region (3), wherein in the semiconductor body (12) a first semiconductor region (13) is formed that forms one (3) of the collector and emitter regions (1,3) and on the surface of the semiconductor body (12) a stack of layers is formed comprising a first insulating layer (4), a polycrystalline semiconductor layer (5) and a second insulating layer (6) in which stack an opening (7) is formed, after which by non-selective epitaxial growth a further semiconductor layer (22) is deposited of which a monocrystalline horizontal part on the bottom of the opening (7) forms the base region (2) and of which a polycrystalline vertical part (2A) on a side face of the opening (7) is connected to the polycrystalline semiconductor layer (5), after which spacers (S) are formed paral

Abstract: A radio receiver comprises an input (14) for a modulated radio frequency signal, a frequency down converter (16) coupled to the input, the frequency down converter including quadrature mixers (32, 34) for demodulating a received modulated radio frequency signal using a local oscillator signal. An analogue-to-digital converter (54, 56) is coupled to receive demodulated signals from the mixing means. The analogue-to-digital converter, which may comprise a continuous time sigma delta converter, has an input for a sampling clock frequency (f s). A voltage controlled oscillator (38) provides the local oscillator signal and supplies a frequency divider (60, 94) used to provide the sampling clock frequency.

Abstract: A method for time synchronization tracking in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver is described, the method comprising the steps: obtaining a DFT output vector; determining a sample timing offset indication using reference symbols that are extracted from the DFT output vector; and adapting the OFDM symbol timing using said determined indication.

Abstract: A Trusted Service Manager (TSM) receives via a first communication channel from a Service Provider (SP) a request (REQ(MIA)) that contains an application (MIA) together with a unique identifier of a mobile phone (MOB), particularly its telephone number. The mobile phone (MOB) is equipped with a memory device (MIF) that comprises multiple memory sectors being protected by sector keys. Preferably the memory device (MIF) is a MIFARE device. The TSM extracts the application (MIA) and the unique identifier from the received request, assigns destination sector(s) and associated sector key(s) of the memory device (MIF), compiles the application (MIA), the sector key(s) and the sector number(s) of the destination sector(s) into a setup-message (SU(MIA)), encrypts the setup-message and transmits it to either the mobile phone via a second communication channel or the Service Provider via the first communication channel (CN).

Abstract: A system and method for performing distributed audio processing within the system uses streamed audio playing satellite units of the system to perform audio processing tasks, which are assigned to the appropriate streamed audio playing satellite units by an audio streaming base unit of the system.

Abstract: A semiconductor component has a substrate and a projecting electrode on the substrate. The projecting electrode is configured suitably for electrically and mechanically connecting the semiconductor component to an external substrate. Furthermore, the projecting electrode is formed by a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array of projecting sub-electrodes, which are separated from each other by an electrically insulating fluid beginning from a substrate surface. The semiconductor component has an improved projecting-electrode. It provides the projecting electrode with a sub-structure, which achieves sufficient flexibility without introducing much constructive complexity and processing complexity during fabrication.

Abstract: A digital signal converter (CNV) converts a digital input signal (PCM) into a pulse width modulated signal (PWM), which is a binary signal that comprises pulses of varying width. The digital signal converter can operate in a signal mode and a transition mode. In the transition mode, the digital converter provides the pulse width modulated signal (PWM) by applying an anti-transient noise shaping function (NSH2) to a direct current modification signal (SC). In the signal mode, the digital signal converter provides the pulse width modulated signal by applying a signal noise shaping function (NSH1) to the digital input signal.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a method provides a calibrated critical-failure model for a printing process of a critical feature by virtue of a classification of an optical parameter space according to at least two print-criticality levels. Print failure of a respective critical feature is judged on the basis of a print-failure criterion for the critical feature. The respective print-criticality level is ascertained from test-print-simulation data at a sampling point of a process window for a given point in an optical-parameter space, and from a failure rule. An advantage achieved with the method is that it comprises ascertaining the predefined optical-parameter set from the test-print-simulation data at only one sampling point of the process window, which sampling point is identical for all test patterns. This saves processing time and processing complexity by reducing the number of ascertained optical-parameter sets and their processing in the subsequent scanning and classifying steps.

Abstract: A wireless terminal comprises a ground conductor (1102) and a transceiver coupled to an antenna feed, the antenna feed being coupled directly to the ground conductor (1102). In one embodiment the ground conductor is a conducting case (1102). The coupling may be via a parallel plate capacitor (504) formed by a plate (506) and a surface (1108) of the case (1102). The case (1102) acts as an efficient, wideband radiator, eliminating the need for a separate antenna. In a modification of this embodiment a slot (1112) is provided to increase the resistance of the case (1102) as seen by the transceiver, thereby increasing the radiating bandwidth of the terminal.

Abstract: An amplifier/buffer composed from circuit elements of a single threshold and single conductivity type, comprising an input stage for receiving one or more inputs for buffering/amplification and providing an intermediate to control output of the amplifier/buffer. The intermediate signal is provided to a boosting circuit configured to boosts said signal when said signal has exceeded a predetermined value. The amplifier/buffer further has an output stage for receiving at least said signal and providing an amplified/buffered output.

Abstract: The invention relates to active star coupler based network handling of redundancy in the physical layer by transmitting a message to both regular and redundant links. In an error free case, the message is forwarded by the regular interface, while the redundant link, is blocked. Each interface is equipped with link failure detection logic. If a link failure is detected, an incoming message is blocked and the affected interface controls the interface connected to the redundant link to take over message forwarding. If the link recovers, the regular interface takes over forwarding responsibility and the redundant link is disabled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mobile communication apparatus (200) comprising a receiver (203), a derotator (206), a demodulator (208) and a processor (212). The receiver (203) is connected to the derotator (206), the derotator (206) to the demodulator (208), and the controller (212) to the receiver (203), derotator (206) and demodulator (208). The derotator (206) comprises means for processing Primary Common Control Physical Channel during Space Time coding based Transmit Diversity transmission mode, pilot symbols, symbols during closed loop transmission modes, and means for outputting symbols to the demodulator in a temporal ordered sequence. The means are connected in series for enabling a universal derotator. A method for derotation is provided, comprising the steps of processing P-CCPCH during STTD transmission mode (1002), processing pilot symbols (1004), processing symbols during closed loop transmission modes (1006), and outputting symbols in a temporal ordered sequence (1008).

Abstract: Circuit for a data carrier, which circuit is capable of supplying identification information to a communications arrangement.