Abstract: A gravity compensation device partially or completely compensates a force exerted by a basic mass (10) on a balancing device (12) at a first distance from an axis of rotation (13) by using a force generating device, such as spring (14), exerting a counterforce on the balancing device at a second distance from the axis of rotation. The first distance, the second distance, or both are selectable for providing the desired gravity compensation. One or more pulleys with an angle-variable radius may be used. The gravity compensation device does not add substantial mass to the basic mass, and is simple in design.

Abstract: The invention relates to a packet switching device comprising at least one line card (1 and 2) which device has an output port with a port control (6 and 7) for storage and arrangement of packets in output queues and for generating at least one feedback information unit to inform an arbiter (9) of statuses of the output queues of the output port. The packet switching device also comprises at least one switch card (3 to 5) consisting of a crosspoint matrix and the arbiter (9) for controlling the crosspoint matrix (8).

Abstract: A frame format decoder (22) and training sequence generator (24) for determining the frame format of received data which is compliant with the IEEE 802.1 1b standard for wireless local area networks, and for providing a training sequence for an adaptive equalizer (16). The received signal is first despreaded, demodulated and descrambled, so that the SYNC field is reconstructed, and then a counter 32 counts the number of consecutive bits having the same polarity or logic value until N such bits are counted (where N is an integer greater than 1). The polarity or logic value of the N counted bits enables the decoder (22) to determine whether the frame format is long or short. A training sequence, being a copy of the transmitted SYNC field eventually followed by an SFD field, is also generated for use by an adaptive equalizer (16).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for fabricating a semiconductor device. For improving the adhesion between a copper-containing interconnect element and a diffusion barrier on top of it, a first dielectric layer (108) of a first dielectric material is deposited on an exposed surface (102.1) of the interconnect element. Susequently, particles (110) are implanted into the first dielectric layer and the interconnect element (102) so as to let the interconnect material mix with the first dielectric material in a first interface region (102.2) between the interconnect element and the first dielectric layer.

Abstract: In a method for processing a signal received by a receiver, at a first wireless receiver (20, 62) a first signal (x(t), x1(t)) comprising first and second signal components is received. The first signal component is intended for the first wireless receiver (20, 62) and the second signal component is related to at least one of a sending signal (s(t)) generated by a transmitter (29, 69) or to a second signal (x2(t)) intended for a second wireless receiver (61). To the first wireless receiver (20, 62) a reference signal (r(t), r1(t), r2(t)) which is proportional to the sending signal (s(t)) or to the second signal (x2(t)). At the first wireless receiver (20, 62) and from the reference signal (r(t), r1(t), r2(t)) an estimation signal which estimates the second signal component is generated. A filtered signal (y(t), y1(t)) is generated by subtracting the estimation signal from the first signal (x(t), x1(t)).

Abstract: An improved communications system for frequency-selective fading channels spreads the data-bearing modulation symbols across many OFDM sub-carriers using a discrete Fourier transform (FFT) at the transmitter, and despreads them using an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IFFT) at the receiver. An IFFT is included at the transmitter to form the OFDM symbols in the usual way, and a corresponding FFT is used at the receiver for the frequency-domain processing of the received signal. The difference is, the size of the FFT used for spreading at the transmitter is smaller than that of an IFFT used just after the FFT to create the OFDM symbols for transmission. This results in improved bit-error-rate, similar to single carrier block transmission (SCBT), while retaining the frequency domain benefits of conventional OFDM, e.g., low out of band emissions and the ability to control the power spectral density using active interference cancellation and other frequency-domain techniques.

Abstract: The power amplifier module comprises a laminate substrate comprising thermal vias and terminals, as well as a platform device with an interconnection substrate of a semiconductor material. This substrate is provided with electrical interconnects at a first side, and having been mounted on the laminate substrate with an opposite second side. Electrically conducting connections extend from the first to the second side through the substrate. A power amplifier device is attached to the second side of the substrate. One of the electrically conducting connection through the interconnection substrate is a grounding path for the power amplifier, while a thermal path is provided by the semiconductor material. There is an optimum thickness for the interconnection substrate, at which both a proper grounding and a acceptable thermal dissipation is effected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing openings in a substrate (5), the method comprising steps of: providing the substrate (5) with a masking layer (40) on a surface thereof; forming a first opening (10), a second opening (30), and a channel (20) in between the first opening (10) and the second opening (30) in the masking layer (40), the channel (20) connecting the first opening (10) with the second opening (30), the second opening (30) having an area (A2) that is larger than the area (A1) of the first opening (10); forming trenches (11, 21, 31) in the substrate (5) located at the first opening (10), the second opening (30), and at the channel (20) under masking of the masking layer (40) by means of anisotropic dry etching, and sealing off the trench (21) located at the channel (20) for forming the openings in the substrate (5). The method of the invention enables formation of a deeper first opening (10) than what is possible with the known methods.

Abstract: A road toll system comprises a vehicle-mounted unit comprising a satellite navigation system implementing a position tracking function; transmitting means for transmitting position or route information to a remote server; and a unique identification device for attaching to the vehicle, and associated with the satellite navigation receiver. The road toll system function is enabled only when the identification device is present. The identification device comprises an electronic device which is adapted to alter by detachment or attempted detachment such as to prevent the road toll system function being enabled. This system increases the security of this type of system and makes fraudulent use of the system increasingly difficult.

Abstract: A circuit mobility management entity (CMM) is intended a mobile network adapted for transferring data in a dual transfer mode to and from mobile stations. The CMM is arranged, when it has established a circuit-switched (CS) connection between a mobile station and the mobile network and when it receives from a radio resource entity (RR) of the mobile network, a message informing that the CS procedure corresponding to this CS connection is ended, to determine if a GPRS Tunnelling Transport Protocol (GTTP) procedure is running for a packet-switched (PS) signalling procedure which concerns the mobile station, then either i) require release of the CS connection near the RR entity if the GTTP procedure is ended, or ii) maintain the CS connection as long as the GTTP procedure is running, and require release of the CS connection near the RR entity when the GTTP procedure is ended.

Abstract: A mobile device that incorporates the MIPI D-PHY specification has data lanes for carrying data between electronic modules within the device. The data lanes may incorporate a spaced-one-hot approach for asynchronously receiving a data signal over a two-wire interface. A two-wire receive interface is provided that uses an exclusive-NOR to capture a timing signal along with a set-reset flip-flop which holds the state of the data line so that a D flip-flop that is clocked on the falling edge of the timing signal received from the exclusive-NOR gate can sample the data and provide an accurate asynchronous data output.

Abstract: Packaged semiconductor electronic device to be individually positioned and coupled to peripheral electronic devices, the package comprising a light emitting semiconductor device (D1), and a switch (S1) for controlling the light emitting semiconductor device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a test structure that comprises at least two devices under test DUT, which respectively have a first electrical device resistance in a non-defect state and a second electrical device resistance in defect state, the first being higher than the second electrical device resistance. In the test structure the DUTs are connected in parallel to a first test contact pad via a first conducting line and connected in parallel to a second test contact pad via a second conducting line, and respectively connected to the first conducting line via respective first test resistors, which have known respective electrical test resistances, such that a total electrical resistance between the first an second test contact pads is indicative of the number of DUTs, which have the second electrical device resistance. The test structure allows testing a larger number of DUTs in parallel in a single measurement.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a digital temperature sensor circuit, the circuit comprising an analogue temperature sensing means, an internal reference voltage source and an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC is arranged to receive respective signals from the analogue temperature sensing means and the reference voltage source and output a digital signal indicative of the ambient temperature. The method comprises the steps of determining the value of the internal reference voltage outputted by the reference voltage source, comparing it with the desired reference voltage value, and adjusting the reference voltage source in response to the result of the comparison step. Such an electrical voltage mode calibration can significantly reduce production costs, as it can be performed much faster than a traditional thermal calibration. The method can be applied to a sensor that produces a PTAT voltage that has to be compared to a temperature-independent bandgap reference voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power factor controller for use in a power factor correction circuit. The power factor controller comprises a first input (VinSense) for receiving an input voltage (Vin) of the power factor correction circuit, a second input (VoSense) for receiving an output voltage (Vout) of the power factor correction circuit, and a controllable current source (VCCI) having a control input coupled to the first input, and a current supply output coupled to the second input, wherein said controllable current source (VCCI) sources a current to the second input (VoSense) that is inversely proportional to the input voltage.

Abstract: A packet switching device is disclosed. The packet switching device includes at least one line card with a port control for storage and arrangement of packets in output queues and for generating status information of the output queue, and at least one switch card consisting of a crosspoint matrix and an arbiter to control the crosspoint matrix. The port control distributes the status information over several arbiters. Each responding arbiter is provided to cyclically receive a respective part of the status information from the port control.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of down-sampling data values. A first set of data values comprise a central data value and peripheral values of original data spatially surrounding the central data value. The central and peripheral values are compared to determine whether any differences exceed a threshold. Whenever a difference does exceed a threshold, a clipped value based upon the central data value replaces the corresponding peripheral value, thereby producing a second set of data values.

Abstract: The invention which relates to a method and to an arrangement for generating soft bit information in a receiver of a multiple antenna system is based on the object of reducing the calculation complexity for generating the soft bit information.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and a method for transferring data between a Bluetooth device (BTD) and a wireless local area network (WLAN) device which uses packet traffic arbitration (PTA). The method of the present invention includes encoding data using a plurality of control lines between the BTD and WLAN, transmitting the data and acknowledging the data reception using the existing control lines. The method according to the present invention allows BTD and WLAN device to transmit additional scheduling information, schedule the medium access, and reduce the number of collisions between the two devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic device for driving a light emitting diode, which includes a switch (Ts) being adapted to switch a switch-mode power converter, and controlling means (CNTL) being adapted for controlling the switch (Ts) in response to a sensing value (Vs) indicative of a current of the switch-mode power converter and for controlling by the switch (Ts) the output voltage of the switched power converter and a current (Iout) through the light emitting diode.