Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for a laser module with a base including stepped platforms with an offset relative to an adjacent platform, each stepped platform accommodating a laser source. The module has at least a first plurality of stepped platforms and a second plurality of stepped platforms. Each platform accommodates a laser source that is part of a plurality of laser sources. The plurality of laser sources is arranged in a single plane to have each laser source emit laser radiation in the same direction that is perpendicular to the single plane. Laser radiation generated by the laser sources associated with the first plurality of platforms is combined into a first combined beam of laser radiation and the laser radiation generated by the laser sources associated with the second plurality of platforms is combined into a second combined beam of laser radiation. The first and second combined beam of laser radiation are combined by an optical combiner and coupled into an optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical system includes a device selected from a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter has multiple laser cavities that each generates an optical channel at a different channel wavelength. The transmitter is also configured to modulate the optical channels into modulated light signals. The receiver is configured to demultiplex modulated light signals and use the demultiplexed light signals to generate electrical signals. The device is configured to operate in an atmosphere having an operational temperature range that includes a range of temperatures extending from TL to TH. Electronics are configured to elevate the temperature of the device when the temperature of the atmosphere is in a first portion of the temperature range from TL to TH but not elevate the temperature of the controlled device when the temperature of the atmosphere is in a second portion of the temperature range from TL to TH.

Abstract: A wavelength converting substance is made of semiconductor material. The wavelength converting substance is suitable for absorbing an exciting light with the wavelength range falling between 300 nanometers and 490 nanometers and converting the exciting light to an emitted light with wavelength range falling between 450 nanometers and 750 nanometers.

Abstract: A spectrometer comprising a waveguide module, a diffractive component, and a light sensor is provided. The waveguide module has a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface opposite to the first reflective surface, and a light channel between the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface. The diffractive component has a diffractive surface and a plurality of strip-shaped diffractive structures located on the diffractive surface. The sharpness of the profile of the strip-shaped diffractive structures on a first side of the diffractive surface is greater than that on a second side of the diffractive surface. When viewed along a direction perpendicular to the second reflective surface, the first side of the diffractive surface is positioned between the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface with a distance away from the second reflective surface. A method for assembling the spectrometer and an assembling system are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a submount which includes a semiconductor element and which can be easily connected to an IC on a main substrate. The submount in one embodiment of the present invention includes: a substrate; electrodes; the semiconductor element; Au wires; and gold bumps. The electrodes, the semiconductor element, the Au wires, and the gold bumps, are encapsulated on the substrate by a resin. The gold bumps are formed on the electrodes and the Au wires by ball bonding and are cut by dicing such that side surfaces of the gold bumps are exposed. The exposed surfaces function as side surface electrodes of the submount.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a silicon substrate, a buffer layer, a nitride-based epitaxial structure layer and multiple discontinuous strain-releasing layers. The buffer layer is disposed on the silicon substrate. The nitride-based epitaxial structure layer is disposed on the buffer layer. The discontinuous strain-releasing layers are disposed between the silicon substrate and the nitride-based epitaxial structure layer, wherein a material of the discontinuous strain-releasing layers is silicon nitride.

Abstract: An electronics interconnection system is provided with reduced capacitance between a signal line and the surrounding dielectric material. By using a non-homogenous dielectric, the effective dielectric loss of the material is reduced. This reduction results in less power loss from the signal line to the dielectric material, which reduces the number of buffers needed on the signal line. This increases the speed of the signal, and reduces the power consumed by the interconnection system. The fabrication techniques provided are advantageous because they can be fabricated using today's standard IC fabrication techniques.

Abstract: A space vehicle has a frame with a configuration of fiber optic gyroscopes (FOGs) and control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) at the outer perimeter of the frame. The FOGs and CMGs provide guidance and control for the space vehicle. This arrangement results in the largest possible FOG and CMG diameters, and therefore yielding the highest signal sensitivities and precision inertial control of vehicle orientation and pointing. Because the configuration places these guidance and control system components at the perimeter of the vehicle, it also provides a platform for multi-aperture signal channels in the interior of the vehicle by freeing up volume within the vehicle.

Abstract: Methods, architectures, circuits, and/or systems for tracking variations in the operating parameters of an optical or optoelectronic device are disclosed, as well as use of such variation data to monitor or control device functions and/or generate warnings and/or status flags. A method of tracking a variation in one or more operating parameters in an optical or optoelectronic device may include (i) monitoring one or more operating parameters of the device over time to determine values for each of the operating parameters, (ii) calculating the variation in each of the operating parameters as a function of time, (iii) comparing the variation to one or more predetermined thresholds, each threshold corresponding to an operational warning or alarm, and (iv) generating the operational warning or alarm when the variation exceeds the corresponding threshold.

Abstract: An optical transceiver, optical network and methods for using the same are disclosed. The optical transceiver and/or optical network and related methods may be useful for independently monitoring the optical transceiver and/or optical network. The optical transceiver generally includes an optical receiver configured to receive optical information; circuitry configured to calculate signal strength values of the received optical information from a plurality of remote optical transmitters; logic configured to process the signal strength values for each of the plurality of remote optical transmitters; and one or more memories configured to store the signal strength values. Optionally, the optical transceiver may notify a system or host when the transceiver, network or component thereof is operating outside a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: In manufacturing a submount, a first electrode layer (12) is formed as a layer on the surface of a submount substrate (11); a side surface (122) of the first electrode layer (12) is formed on substantially the same plane as a side surface (112) of the submount substrate (11); and the side surface (122) of the first electrode layer (12) is a connection surface for creating an electrical connection with the first electrode layer (12). By making the first electrode layer (12) sufficiently thick, the surface area of the side surface (122) can be made sufficiently large to allow, for example, wire bonding using the side surface (122). Further, components such as an optical element (14) can be protected by a sealing material (16).

Abstract: A terahertz scanning reflectometer is described herein. A high sensitivity terahertz scanning reflectometer is used to measure dynamic surface deformation and delamination characteristics in real-time. A number of crucial parameters can be extracted from the reflectance measurements such as dynamic deformation, propagation velocity, and final relaxation position. A terahertz reflectometer and spectrometer are used to determine the permeation kinetics and concentration profile of active ingredients in stratum corneum.

Abstract: A light emitting element structure includes a light emitting unit configured to emit light; a package unit configured to cover the light emitting unit; a transparent light guide structure arranged on the package unit; and a first anti-reflection film arranged on the transparent light guide structure, wherein a thickness of the first anti-reflection film is an odd multiple of ?/4n, ? is a wavelength of light passing through the package unit from the light emitting unit, and n is a refractive index of the first anti-reflection film.

Abstract: An apparatus for finding a machine tool origin includes a probe, a base, and a sensor positioned on a first side of the base. Probe engagement components are configured for movable engagement with a probe of the machine tool to produce electronic signals processed by electronic circuitry to provide a signal indicative of the machine tool origin. Mechanical positioning components are positioned on a second side of the base. The mechanical positioning components include a pedestal with a first tab (301) and a second tab (302) aligned to be operable as a mechanical stop with the first tab (301) corresponding to a position of a left-hand origin (107) for the machine tool and the first tab (301) and a third tab (303) aligned to be operable as a mechanical stop with the first tab (301) corresponding to a position of a right-hand origin (108) for the machine tool.

Abstract: A detection apparatus for light-emitting diode chip comprising a substrate with the function of photoelectric conversion and a probing device is disclosed. The substrate is designed to bear at least one light-emitting diode chip. The probing device comprises a power supply and at least two conductive elements. The two ends of the conductive elements are respectively electrically connected to the light-emitting diode chip and the power supply to enable the light-emitting diode chip to emit light beams. Some of the light beams are emitted from the light-emitting diode chip toward the substrate such that the light beams emitted by the light-emitting diode chip are converted into an electric signal by the substrate.

Abstract: A WDM multiplexing/demultiplexing system includes a de-multiplexer configured to separate and guide light beams from an incident ray having a plurality of wavelengths to corresponding lenses on an optical device, a multiplexer configured to guide light beams from optical transmitters having various wavelengths through the corresponding lenses on the optical device and combine the light beams, a lens array including the corresponding lenses to receive and/or transmit the light beams from or to the de-multiplexer and multiplexer, and a light beam collimator configured to function with the multiplexer and de-multiplexer. The light beams received or transmitted by the light beam collimator and the light beams transmitted or received from or to the multiplexer and de-multiplexer are collinear. The light beam collimator and multiplexer/de-multiplexer can be easily positioned to predetermined or designed positions, thereby providing light beams output through the lenses in a plastic optical device.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a stimulus monitoring system. The system includes an RFID device, item, interrogation device, and reception device. The RFID device includes a brace affixed to an inductor or capacitor. The brace is constructed from a material structurally responsive to a predetermined stimulus, such that stimulus-responsive structural alterations to the brace structurally alters the inductor, capacitor, or other RFID subcomponent of the RFID circuit capable of generating a current alteration, which in turn alters the signal frequency of the RFID.

Abstract: A fiber amplifier is disclosed having a core region embedded within a cladding. The core region further has multiple sections, each of which is doped with at least one rare-earth ion.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a light emitting unit is provided. A semiconductor structure including a plurality of light emitting dice separated from each other is provided. A molding compound is formed to encapsulate the light emitting dice. Each of the light emitting dice includes a light emitting element, a first electrode and a second electrode. A patterned metal layer is formed on the first electrodes and the second electrodes of the light emitting dice. A substrate is provided, where the molding compound is located between the substrate and the light emitting elements of the light emitting dice. A cutting process is performed to cut the semiconductor structure, the patterned metal layer, the molding compound and the substrate so as to define a light emitting unit with a series connection loop, a parallel connection loop or a series-parallel connection loop.

Abstract: A miniature spectrometer comprises an input unit, an image capture unit, a miniature diffraction optical grating, an optical grating accommodation slot, a cushion, and an affixing plate. The miniature spectrometer may further comprise a waveguide device, and the optical grating accommodation slot is positioned in a space defined by an opening of the waveguide device. The input unit receives an optical signal which proceeds in the waveguide device. The miniature diffraction optical grating separates the optical signal into numerous spectral components to be projected onto the image capture unit. The cushion is stacked on the miniature diffraction optical grating, with both disposed in the optical grating accommodation slot. The affixing plate is disposed on the waveguide device to apply a compressing force on the cushion to affix the miniature diffraction optical grating in the optical grating accommodation slot.