Abstract: An electrode structure is provided. The electrode structure includes an electron donating region, an electrode withdrawing region different from the electron donating region, and a region configured to electrically isolate at least surfaces of the electron donating region and the electrode withdrawing region.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive element according to an embodiment includes: a first magnetic layer; a second magnetic layer; a first nonmagnetic layer disposed between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer; and a third magnetic layer disposed between the first magnetic layer and the first nonmagnetic layer, the first magnetic layer including (MnxGay)100-zCoz (45 atm %?x?75 atm %, 25 atm %?y?55 atm %, x+y=100 atm %, 0 atm %<z?10 atm %).

Abstract: A wrought material containing a Cu—Al—Mn-based alloy, in which an existence frequency of a coincidence grain boundary with a ? value of 3 or less is 35% or more but 75% or less, and which has a recrystallized microstructure substantially formed from a ? single phase; and the use thereof.

Abstract: To remove reset noise in pixels while the circuit configuration is kept in low power consumption, a device includes pixels arranged in row and column directions, in which each of the pixels includes a charge-voltage conversion terminal for voltage-converting signal charges transferred from a photoelectric conversion element, and a first reset means for resetting a voltage at the charge-voltage conversion terminal; first signal lines, each of which is connected to the pixels in each column; a scanning means for selecting one row among others; and a second reset means for resetting voltages at the signal lines. In the device, on each selected row, by voltage signals at the charge-voltage conversion terminals and the converted voltage signals from the transferred signal charges are read out to and stored in the signal lines in a floating potential state, and then are output.

Abstract: An evaluation aid which can be used as a phantom (imitation lesion) when a digital X-ray image is taken and then evaluation is carried out through the digital X-ray image. The evaluation aid can be used to easily evaluate image qualities of a digital X-ray image for object parts having different X-ray absorption ratios at once. The evaluation aid is adapted to be used for taking a digital X-ray image thereof through which evaluation is carried out, and contains a substrate (plate-like body) including a plurality of regions having different X-ray absorption ratios; and step members provided on the plate-like body so as to correspond to the plurality of regions, respectively. Each step member includes a plurality of subregions having different X-ray absorption ratios. Thicknesses and/or constituent materials of the plurality of regions of the substrate may be different from each other to establish regions having different X-ray absorption ratios.

Abstract: A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon an information processing program executable by a computer of an information processing device which presents information corresponding to a biological signal acquired from a user, is provided. The information processing program causes the computer to function as biological signal acquiring means, motion/attitude information acquiring means, and presentation means. The biological signal acquiring means acquires the biological signal from the user. The motion/attitude information acquiring means acquires information about a motion or an attitude of the user from detecting means, in association with the biological signal acquired by the biological signal acquiring means. The presentation means performs predetermined presentation based on both the biological signal acquired by the biological signal acquiring means and the information acquired by the motion/attitude information acquiring means.

Abstract: Provided is FGF21 that is a metabolism-related biomarker reflecting the activation of Nrf2 in vivo. Also provided are a method for monitoring a response of a subject to which an Nrf2 activator is administered, said method comprising a step for measuring the FGF21 level, at a point during or after the administration of the Nrf2 activator, in a biosample that is derived from the subject, wherein an increase in the FGF21 level indicates a positive response to the administration of the Nrf2 activator, etc. According to the present invention, a metabolism-related biomarker that reflects the activation of Nrf2 in vivo is provided.

Abstract: A memory cell (1) includes a first storage circuit (2) with a write time t1 and a data retention time ?1 and a second storage circuit (3) with a write time t2 and a data retention time ?2 (t1<t2 and ?1<?2). A row decoder supplies write data to the memory cell (1) via a word line (WL) to write the data on the first storage circuit (2) over a write time tW that is longer than the write time t1 and that is shorter than the write time t2. A PL control circuit (4) supplies power to the memory cell (1) for a time that is longer than the write time t2 when the write data is supplied to the memory cell (1), writes, on the second storage circuit (3), the data written on the first storage circuit (2) once the supply of the write data is stopped, and stops the supply of the power to the memory cell (1) after a lapse of the write time t2 following start of the supply of the write data.

Abstract: To provide a thin optical sheet having improved efficiency for light utilization, an optical sheet (5) of one mode of the present invention includes, in sequence from a light entry side to a light emission side, a plurality of first prisms (13), a ¼ wavelength plate (11), and a polarized-light separating element (12), the plurality of first prisms (13) each having (i) a first surface (13a) through which light enters the first prism and (ii) a second surface (13b) that reflects the light, having entered the first prism, toward the light emission side, the optical film further including, between the plurality of first prisms in an in-plane direction of the optical film, a second prism (14) that reflects light.

Abstract: Provided is a Co—Ni-based alloy in which a crystal is easily controlled, a method of controlling a crystal of a Co—Ni-based alloy, a method of producing a Co—Ni-based alloy, and a Co—Ni-based alloy having controlled crystallinity. The Co—Ni-based alloy includes Co, Ni, Cr, and Mo, in which the Co—Ni-based alloy has a crystal texture in which a Goss orientation is a main orientation. The Co—Ni-based alloy preferably has a composition including, in terms of mass ratio: 28 to 42% of Co, 10 to 27% of Cr, 3 to 12% of Mo, 15 to 40% of Ni, 0.1 to 1% of Ti, 1.5% or less of Mn, 0.1 to 26% of Fe, 0.1% or less of C, and an inevitable impurity; and at least one kind selected from the group consisting of 3% or less of Nb, 5% or less of W, 0.5% or less of Al, 0.1% or less of Zr, and 0.01% or less of B.

Abstract: A solid-state image pickup apparatus includes: two-dimensionally arrayed unit pixels, each including a PD performing optical-electrical conversion of an incident light; an FD and an output terminal provided for each of pixel groups, each including one or more pixels, the terminal being capable of outputting a noise signal and a signal-noise sum signal separately; first lines to which the terminals are connected in common and which are capable of holding voltages based on signals outputted from the terminals; second lines provided in parallel with the first lines and capable of holding a voltage; inter-transfer-line capacitive elements connecting the second lines and the first lines; a reset switch resetting each of the second lines to a reset voltage; a readout switch provided for each of the second lines; and a third line to which the second lines are connected in parallel via the readout switches, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a photodiode having a high-concentration layer on its surface, in which the high-concentration layer is formed so that the thickness of a non-depleted region is larger than the roughness of an interface between silicon and an insulation film layer, and is smaller than a penetration depth of ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of producing fine particulate alkali metal niobate in a liquid phase system, wherein the size and shape of the particulate alkali metal niobate can be controlled; and fine particulate alkali metal niobate having a controlled shape and size. One of specifically disclosed is a method of producing a substantially rectangular cuboid particulate alkali metal niobate represented by MNbO3 (1), wherein M represents one element selected from alkaline metals, including specific four steps. Another one of specifically disclosed is particulate alkali metal niobate represented by the formula (1) having a substantially rectangular cuboid shape, wherein the substantially rectangular cuboid shape has a longest side and a shortest side, the length of the longest side represented by an index Lmax is 0.10 to 25 ?m, and the length of the shortest side represented by an index Lmin is 0.050 to 15 ?m.

Abstract: A solid-state image pickup apparatus including: two-dimensionally arrayed unit pixels, each including a PD performing optical-electrical conversion of an incident light; an FD and two output terminals provided for each of pixel groups, each including one or more unit pixels, the two output terminals being capable of outputting a noise signal and a signal-noise sum signal separately; first and second transfer lines to which the output terminals are connected in common and which are capable of holding noise signal voltage and signal-noise sum signal voltage, respectively; first switches arranged between the output terminals and the first transfer lines; second switches arranged between the output terminals and the second transfer lines; third and fourth switches provided for the transfer lines, respectively; and third and fourth transfer lines to which the transfer lines are connected in parallel via third and fourth switches, respectively.

Abstract: A fullerene derivative represented by the following formula (1): wherein “FLN” represents a fullerene core, R1 represents an optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl group or an optionally substituted C7-C24 aralkyl group, R2 and R3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C1-C24 hydrocarbon group but excluding a case where both of R2 and R3 are hydrogen atoms, and R2 and R3 may combine together to form a ring.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fullerene derivative represented by the following formula (1): wherein FLN is a fullerene backbone, R1 is a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group with a carbon number less than or equal to 24, and Ar1 is a substituted or non-substituted aryl group with a carbon number less than or equal to 24.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric conversion element that has an nip structure formed of amorphous silicon and that is improved in energy conversion efficiency by a structure in which an n+-type a-Si layer is in contact with a transparent electrode formed by an n+-type ZnO layer. This makes it possible to realize photoelectric conversion elements and a solar cell module or facility with large area and high power with an influence on the global resources minimized.

Abstract: A laser diode assembly includes: a mode-locked laser diode device; a diffraction grating that configures an external resonator, returns primary or more order diffracted light to the mode-locked laser diode device, and outputs 0-order diffracted light outside; and an imaging section provided between the mode-locked laser diode device and the diffraction grating and imaging an image of a light output end face of the mode-locked laser diode device on the diffraction grating.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive element according to an embodiment includes: a base layer; a first magnetic layer formed on the base layer, and including a first magnetic film having an axis of easy magnetization in a direction perpendicular to a film plane, the first magnetic film including MnxGa100-x (45?x<64 atomic %); a first nonmagnetic layer formed on the first magnetic layer; and a second magnetic layer formed on the first nonmagnetic layer, and including a second magnetic film having an axis of easy magnetization in a direction perpendicular to a film plane, the second magnetic film including MnyGa100-y (45?y<64 atomic %). The first and second magnetic layers include different Mn composition rates from each other, a magnetization direction of the first magnetic layer is changeable by a current flowing between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer via the first nonmagnetic layer.

Abstract: A lighting device (100) includes: a surface light source (1); a first lens (L1) having a first focal point (F1), the first lens being provided on the light exit surface side of the surface light source; and a second lens (L2) having a second focal point (F2), the second lens being provided on a light exit surface side of the first lens, the surface light source, the first lens, and the second lens being configured such that a first virtual image (I1) is formed by the first lens and a second virtual image (I2) is formed by the second lens, wherein the first virtual image (I1) is formed between the second focal point (F2) and the first lens, the second focal point (F2) is on a side opposite to the light source side relative to a predetermined focal position f?, and at least either of a light entry surface or a light exit surface of the first lens or the second lens includes a non-revolution surface (SO) as a lens surface, and a plurality of boundary lines (B1-B4) whose curvatures vary discontinuously are provid