Abstract: The present invention is directed to an encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing whose shell contains a copolymer having one or more acid anhydride groups as the main component. The encapsulated toner of the present invention has excellent offset resistance and fixing ability even at a low fixing temperature, and also it is excellent in blocking resistance. Further, since the resin having a negative charge is used as a shell material, clear images free from background contamination can be stably formed for a large number of copying.

Abstract: This invention is embodied in several variations of a process for independently forming both fixed and variable patterns within a single photoresist resin layer. In one application of the invention, both a fixed global alignment mark pattern and a variable identification mark pattern are formed in a single photoresist resin layer, and both patterns are transferred to an underlying substrate with a single etch step. Each pattern is formed independently of the other; the global alignment mark pattern by exposing the photoresist resin on a stepper device, and the identification mark pattern by either exposing or ablating the photoresist resin with a computer-controlled laser beam. Although this invention is described in the context of placing marks on a semiconductor wafer, the method is also applicable to other types of marks on other types of substrates.

Abstract: An image forming method is conducted by forming a toner image on a latent image bearing member containing an organic photoconductive material. The latent image bearing member includes a photosensitive layer containing an organic photoconductive material and a protective layer which contains fluorine-containing resin particles in an amount from 5% by weight to 40% by weight. The toner contains toner particles and external additives. The external additives include titanium oxide particles having a weight average particle diameter from 0.01 .mu.m to 0.2 .mu.m having been subjected to hydrophobic treatment, organic resin particles having a weight average particle diameter from 0.02 .mu.m to 0.5 .mu.m, and inorganic compound particles having a weight average particle diameter from 0.5 .mu.m to 2.5 m.The inorganic compound particles may be specific titanates, oxides or carbonate.

Abstract: A water-developable photosensitive resin composition which exhibits a small swelling, small reduction in strength and small dimension change when developed with water and which has an excellent balance of characteristics. Said composition comprises (1) a oarboxyl group-containing diene polymer, (2) a hydrogenated diene block polymer in which at least 80% of the double bonds in the recurring unit consisting of conjugated diene has been hydrogenated, (3) a photopolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer, (4) an amino group-containing compound and (5) a photopolymerization initiator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal-ion-free developer which contains, in addition to at least one of the standard basic compounds, certain anionic and, optionally, non-ionic surfactants, and to a corresponding concentrate.

Abstract: The use of a terpolymer significantly enhances the properties of resists suitable for deep UV lithography in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. This terpolymer is one represented by the polymer formed from sulfur dioxide, an acid-sensitive monomer moiety and a monomer that imparts polarity to the final terpolymer.

Abstract: A porous mesh structure is prepared in sheet form having a unique arrangement of main and secondary troughs on a first surface, and openings extending therethrough. The arrangement of troughs and openings creates an elaborate matrix of pores when the sheet is layer on itself in a front to back manner. This arrangement of pores and support structure emulates certain cortical bone structures and is therefore very effective as an artificial bone material. In addition, the porous structure has significant other potential uses outside the medical field and can be effectively applied accordingly, based on its fundamental. structural attributes.

Abstract: An imaging process including providing an electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer including a small molecule hole transporting diarylamine, a small molecule hole transporting tritolyl amine and a film forming binder, depositing a uniform electrostatic charge on the imaging member with a corona generating device to which power is being supplied, the corona generating device comprising at least one bare metal wire adjacent to and spaced from the imaging member, exposing the imaging member with activating radiation in image configuration to form an electrostatic latent image, developing the latent image with marking particles to form a toner image, transfering the toner image to a receiving member, repeating the depositing, exposing, developing, transfering steps, resting the imaging member for at least 15 minutes under the corona generating device while the power to the corona generating device is removed and while the corona generating de

Abstract: A resin composition consisting essentially of (a) an aromatic polycarbonate resin, (b) a thermoplastic graft copolymer obtained by grafting a diene rubber component with a vinyl cyanide compound and an aromatic vinyl compound, (c) a phosphoric acid ester, (d) a polytetrafluoroethylene, (e) a talc, and (f) a composite rubber having a network structure in which a polyorganosiloxane rubber component and a polyalkyl (meth)acrylate rubber component interpenetrate each other, each in a specified amount. This resin composition has excellent fluidity and allows easy mold- processing. The molded article made therefrom is excellent in flame retardancy, stiffness, heat-resistance, impact strength and appearance.

Abstract: A method of inspecting a lens includes projecting a first amount of radiation through a first test pattern and the lens to provide a first lens error associated with a first heating of the lens, projecting a second amount of radiation through a second test pattern and the lens to provide a second lens error associated with a second heating of the lens, and using the first and second lens errors to provide image displacement data that varies as a function of heating the lens. In this manner, corrections can be made for localized lens heating that is unique to a given reticle. The method is well-suited for photolithographic systems such as step and repeat systems.

Abstract: A combination of toners including a cyan toner, a magenta toner, a yellow toner, an orange toner, a green toner and a black toner, each of the toners containing resin and pigment. The pigment for the orange toner can be Orange 5, C.I. number 12075, and the pigment for the green toner can be Green 7, C.I. number 74260. The pigment for each of the toners excluding black can be prepared by flushing processes.

Abstract: The process control method for a DAD-CAD image forming method includes forming a DAD electrostatic image of a first polarity and applying toner of the first polarity to form a first toner image and then forming a CAD electrostatic image. To provide ample voltage for formation of the CAD image and to reduce scavenging, the development completion of the first electrostatic image is preferably kept below 0.4, preferably by reducing pole transitions provided by a rotatable magnetic core in toning the first image. The process is further controlled by adjusting an initial charge on the image member which also can be trimmed after formation of the first image by a uniform light exposure and by adjustment of AC biases in both toning steps.

Abstract: An amine compound-containing, but cyanogen-free, desensitizing solution for offset printing, characterized by containing phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate) and/or a metal and/or ammonium salts of phytic acid, and at least one selected from the group consisting of amine compounds represented by the following general formulae (1) and (2); a carboxylic acid or carboxylate containing (3); an urea (5) and/or an urethane (6) containing (4); an amide compound represented by (8) and/or an imide compound (9), each containing an amino group (7); and a heterocyclic compound at least one nitrogen atom and having an inorganic/organic value of 0.1 to 4.0 inclusive.

Abstract: An ultraviolet-curing coating composition for cans, which comprises:(A) a cation-polymerizable compound,(B) a compound having at least one oxetane ring in the molecule,(C) a cationic initiator which generates a cation when irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and(D) a lubricity-imparting agent, wherein the proportions of the individual components are:(A) 1-99 parts by weight,(B) 1-99 parts by weight,(C) 0.01-20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (A) and (B), and(D) 0.01-10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of (A) and (B).This ultraviolet-curing coating composition for cans can form a coating film superior in processability, adhesivity, hardness, mar resistance, etc. and particularly in appearance and retort resistance.

Abstract: A composition for forming an electrically conductive layer which is used in patterning of a resist with electric charge beam, which comprises:(a) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of sulfonated polyanilines with a sulfonic group content ranging from 20 to 80% based on the aromatic ring, the sulfonated polyaniline having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 100,000 and a molecular weight dispersion of not more than 5,(b) 100 parts by weight of a solvent, and(c) 0.01 to 30 parts by weight of amines and/or quaternary ammonium salts,and if desired, it further comprises 0 to 200 parts by weight of the following substance(s) (A) and/or (B) as component (d):(A) a high molecular weight compound soluble in the aforesaid solvent (b),(B) a surface active agent.

Abstract: A combination of toners containing a cyan toner, a magenta toner, a yellow toner, a violet toner, and a black toner, each toner containing resin and pigment. The pigment for each of the colored toners, which excludes black, can be prepared by flushing a wet pigment cake with a toner resin and removing water to generate a pigmented resin.

Abstract: A composition is provided for protecting exterior surfaces of automobiles and other products against abrasive dust, acid rain, etc. The composition is applied as a mixture of water solubilized acrylic acid copolymer, pH-neutral acrylic copolymer, alkyl alcohol, surfactant, and water. The composition dries on the exterior surface to form a tough flexible coating that can be removed by an alkaline aqueous detergent solution.

Abstract: A process for making a flexographic printing plate from a flexographic element having an infrared ablatable layer capable of being selectively removed by a laser beam is described.

Abstract: A photoresist composition is disclosed which includes:(1) a photopolymerizable monomer represented by the following formula (I) or its derivative: ##STR1## wherein n represents a number of from 0 to 20; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group or a cycloalkyl group; each of Q represents --OH or --OROCH.dbd.CH.sub.2 in which R represents an alkylene group, provided that the molar ratio of (--OH)/(--OROCH.dbd.CH.sub.2) is from 10/90 to 90/10; and A represents a divalent hydrocarbon group or a divalent group having Q on it;(2) a triazine compound having a methyl group substituted with one, two or three halogen atoms; and(3) a solvent,which can be used in photolithography or for producing a color filter.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for developing radiation-sensitive, exposed printing forms into printing plates is disclosed. The apparatus has a developer pan that contains a developer bath. Individual printing form runs through the developing station of this apparatus in a running-through plane. On each side of the running-through plane there is are a first pair of transport rollers, two brushing rollers with counter-rollers and a second pair of transport rollers at the end of the developing station. Guide rollers are arranged between the first pair of transport rollers and the first brushing roller with its counter-roller, on the underside of the running-through plane. A closed vessel, filled with developing solution, is connected via a developer circuit and a pump to the developer bath. The vessel contains a temperature sensor and a measuring electrode for the electric conductivity of the developing solution.