Abstract: An optical multilayer structure including a hard coating layer, an adhesion reinforcement layer, a low refractive layer, and a water repellent layer on a substrate layer. The optical multilayer structure includes a structure in which a hard coating layer, an adhesion reinforcement layer including an alkoxysilane-based compound having a functional group, a low refractive layer including a siloxane-based compound, and a water repellent layer including an alkoxysilane-based compound containing a fluorine atom are laminated on a substrate layer, thereby having both high wear resistance and water contact angle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device comprising a substrate, a first dielectric layer on the substrate, a first lower conductive line in the first dielectric layer, an etch stop layer on the first dielectric layer, a via-structure that penetrates the etch stop layer and connects to the first lower conductive line, a second dielectric layer on the etch stop layer, and an upper conductive line that penetrates the second dielectric layer and connects to the via-structure. The first dielectric layer includes a dielectric pattern at a level higher than a top surface of the first lower conductive line. The upper conductive line is in contact with a top surface of the etch stop layer. The etch stop layer has at an upper portion a rounded surface in contact with the via-structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling an inkjet printing process. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling an inkjet printing process by using an inkjet print system, the method including a printing operation of moving a first support chuck or a second support chuck in a second direction perpendicular to a first direction and performing the inkjet printing process of discharging an ink onto a substrate and a first suction operation of suctioning remaining ink from a nozzle formed on a first head or a second head using a first suction unit, wherein a controller controls the printing operation for a first substrate, the first suction operation for the second head or the printing operation for a second substrate, and the first suction operation for the first head to be sequentially performed.

Abstract: A lighting device including at least one first light source configured to emit a visible light through a first light emitting surface, at least one second light source spaced apart from the first light source and configured to emit light having a wavelength for sterilization through a second light emitting surface, and a hosing having a bottom portion, on which the first and second light sources are disposed, and at least one sidewall portion connected to the bottom portion to enclose the first light source and the second light source in one common area, in which the first and second light emitting surfaces face substantially the same direction, and the first light emitting surface and the second light emitting surface are disposed at a different elevation from the bottom portion of the housing.

Abstract: A connection member includes a first region, a second region, and a third region, where a number of conductive layers in the second region is greater than a number of conductive layers in the first region and is greater than a number of conductive layers in the third region, a first layer, which is an uppermost layer of the second region, extends to the third region, a second layer, which is a lowermost layer of the third region, extends to the second region, and a side portion of the second region at a boundary between the second region and the third region is covered by the first layer and the second layer.

Abstract: Optical data is collected from an optical sensor of a dual wavelength, and in order to detect the fire from the collected optical data, an average value of a first wavelength, an average value of a second wavelength, and a ratio of the average values of the two wavelengths are calculated, and an amount of change of a slope of the ratio is used to detect the fire and determine the fire occurrence time. From the determined fire occurrence time, fire features are extracted from the optical data in real time according to defined rules to configure a data set. The data set may be used for learning and inference techniques to identify a fire or non-fire, a fire source, a combustion material, and the like.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to particles for heat transfer and/or heat storage. Particularly, by coating metal oxides on the silica surface, the solar absorptivity becomes higher than the conventional ceramic proppant. The particles the present disclosure are durable at ultra-high temperatures while their solar absorptivity is recoverable multiple time as heat transfer and/or heat storage. The present disclosure can be applied to concentrating solar power industry. The present disclosure significantly reduces the Levelized cost of the energy due to low-cost product and high solar absorptivity.

Abstract: A chip antenna module includes a substrate, a plurality of chip antennas disposed on a first surface of the substrate, and an electronic element mounted on a second surface of the substrate, wherein each of the plurality of chip antennas includes a first ceramic substrate mounted on the first surface of the substrate, a second ceramic substrate opposing the first ceramic substrate, a first patch disposed on the first ceramic substrate, and a second patch disposed on the second ceramic substrate, and the first ceramic substrate and the second ceramic substrate are spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: A speech processing model may be trained using pseudo tokens. Training a speech processing model with pseudo tokens may allow for training with a smaller amount of labeled training data and accordingly lower costs. A set of pseudo tokens may be determined by computing feature vectors from unlabeled training data, clustering the feature vectors, and performing token compression using the clustered feature vectors. A first speech processing model may be trained using unlabeled training data by determining sequences of pseudo tokens corresponding to the unlabeled training data. A second speech processing model may be initialized using the first speech processing model and then trained using labeled training data. The second speech processing model may then be deployed to a speech processing application.

Abstract: An oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, in a unit of wt %, Si at 1.0 wt % to 5.0 wt %, C at 0.005 wt % or less (excluding 0 wt %), Mn at 0.001 wt % to 0.1 wt %, Cu at 0.001 wt % to 0.1 wt %, S at 0.001 wt % to 0.020 wt %, Se at 0.001 wt % to 0.050 wt %, Al at 0.0005 wt % to 0.010 wt %, N at 0.0005 wt % to 0.005 wt %, and the remainder of Fe and inevitable impurities. The oriented electrical steel sheet according to the embodiment of the present invention satisfies Equation 1. 16?(10×[Mn]+[Cu])/([S]+[Se])+(0.02?[Al])/[N]?20??[Equation 1] (In Equation 1, [Mn], [Cu], [S], [Se], [Al], and [N] represent contents (wt %) of Mn, Cu, S, Se, Al, and N, respectively.

Abstract: An antenna module includes a ground layer including a through-hole; a feed via disposed to pass through the through-hole; a patch antenna pattern spaced apart from the ground layer and electrically connected to one end of the feed via; a coupling patch pattern spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern; a first dielectric layer to accommodate the patch antenna pattern and the coupling patch pattern; a second dielectric layer to accommodate at least a portion of the feed via and the ground layer; and electrical connection structures disposed between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer to separate the first dielectric layer from the second dielectric layer.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode includes a first emitting part including a first emitting material layer (EML) and a first electron transporting layer (ETL), a second emitting part including a second EML and between the first emitting part and the second electrode, an n-type charge generation layer (CGL) contacting the first ETL and between the first ETL and the second emitting part, and a p-type CGL contacting the n-type CGL and between the n-type CGL and the second emitting part. The first ETL includes a first compound, and the n-type CGL includes a second compound and an n-type dopant. A lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the first compound can be higher than a LUMO energy level of the second compound.

Abstract: A smoke detection apparatus based on multiple wavelengths is provided, which includes: a chamber configured to receive an inflow of a smoke; a detector including a light emitter having a plurality of light sources that radiate light having a plurality of different wavelengths into a space in the chamber, and a light receiver configured to receive scattered light by the plurality of light sources; and a controller configured to control an operation of the detector and to distinguish between fire smoke and non-fire quasi-smoke by detecting and analyzing a light receiving signal of the light receiver.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for detecting smoke based on polarization. The apparatus includes a chamber into which smoke is introduced, a detection unit comprising a light-emitting unit configured to emit light beams having a plurality of different wavelengths into a space in the chamber, and a light-receiving unit configured to receive scattered light from a plurality of light sources, a control unit configured to control an operation of the detection unit, and a fire determination unit configured to distinguish between fire smoke and non-fire analogous smoke by detecting and analyzing a light-receiving signal received by the light-receiving unit, in which horizontal polarization and vertical polarization are applied to the plurality of light sources of the light-emitting unit and the light-receiving unit.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes performing optical proximity correction (OPC) on a design pattern of a layout and forming a photoresist pattern on a substrate, using a photomask manufactured based on the layout corrected by the OPC. The performing of the OPC includes generating a target pattern for the design pattern, dividing the design pattern into a plurality of segments, modifying the segments to generate a correction pattern, dividing a first segment of the segments into a plurality of sub-segments, and modifying the sub-segments to generate a fine correction pattern.

Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating a semiconductor device using a curvilinear OPC method. The method of fabricating the semiconductor device includes performing an optical proximity correction (OPC) step on a layout to generate a correction pattern, the correction pattern having a curvilinear shape, performing a mask rule check (MRC) step on the correction pattern to generate mask data, and forming a photoresist pattern on a substrate using a photomask, which is manufactured based on the mask data. The MRC step includes generating a width skeleton in the correction pattern, generating a width contour, which satisfies a specification of a mask rule for a linewidth, from the width skeleton, and adding the correction pattern and the width contour to generate an adjusting pattern.

Abstract: Provided is a system for detecting flame, which includes a light collecting module configured to collect light emitted from flame and sense location information and intensity information of the collected light, a memory configured to store a program for determining fire information on the basis of the sensed location information and intensity information of the light, and a processor configured to calculate intensity information and fluttering information of the flame from the intensity information of the light by executing the program stored in the memory, to calculate centroid spatial distribution information of the flame from the location information of the light, and to detect whether there is flame on the basis of at least one of the intensity information of the flame, the fluttering information of the flame, and the centroid spatial distribution information.

Abstract: A sterilization module including a main body, a circuit board disposed in the main body, a light source disposed on the circuit board to emit sterilizing light, and a transparent unit to protect the light source from an outside and including a material that transmits the sterilizing light, in which the light source includes a mesa including a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second semiconductor layer, a first electrode electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer, and a second electrode disposed on the second semiconductor layer and electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer, in which the first electrode includes a first contact region disposed on the outer area of the first semiconductor layer and a second contact region at least partially surrounded by the mesa, and a distance between the transparent unit and the circuit board is greater than a height of the light source.

Abstract: A cleaning solution production system is for cleaning a semiconductor substrate. The system includes a pressure tank, a plasma reaction tank configured to form a plasma in gas bubbles suspended in a decompressed liquid obtained from the pressure tank to thereby generate radical species in the decompressed liquid, a storage tank configured to store a cleaning solution containing the radical species generated in the plasma reaction tank, and a nozzle configured to supply the cleaning solution from the storage tank to a semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: Antibodies that bind specifically to glycosylated PD-L1 relative to unglycosylated PD-L1, block binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 and promote internalization and degradation of PD-L1 are provided. Antibodies that recognize specific epitopes on glycosylated PD-L1 protein and that exhibit the dual functions of both blocking the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 and also facilitating the internalization of PD-L1 on cells are provided. In some aspects, PD-L1 polypeptides comprising glycosylated amino acid residues at amino and carboxy terminal positions of the PD-L1 extracellular domain are also provided. Methods for using such antibodies for the treatment of cancer, particularly PD-L1 positive cancer, are also provided.