Abstract: The present invention provides a highly efficient power supply with redundant multiple input voltage sources. The power supply uses switching transistors, specifically MOSFET's, to create paths for current from one of the voltage sources to the load. The switching transistors are switched either “on” or “off” by comparators which compare the output from the voltage sources. These comparators allow the highest voltage source to provide power to the load, and keep the other switching transistors “off” that connect the common load to other voltage sources. Because the switching transistors have lower conduction losses than diodes in conventional power supplies, the power supply in accordance with the present invention is more efficient.

Abstract: A printer system for and corresponding method of determining an arrangement of status objects forming a status tree structure used to represent hardware components contained within a printer and the status tree structure stored within a print engine of the printer. A change in operational condition of one of the hardware components are detected with a sensor. A state of a status object corresponding to the one of the hardware components is changed to have an active state. A name of the status object having the changed state is transmitted from the print engine to a controller. The status object having the changed state is queried for a root path of the status object with the controller.

Abstract: A deposition method may include, at a first temperature, contacting a substrate with a first precursor and chemisorbing a first layer at least one monolayer thick over the substrate. At a second temperature different from the first temperature, the first layer may be contacted with a second precursor, chemisorbing a second layer at least one monolayer thick on the first layer. Temperature may be altered by adding or removing heat with a thermoelectric heat pump. The altering the substrate temperature may occur from the first to the second temperature. The second layer may be reacted with the first layer by heating to a third temperature higher than the second temperature. A deposition method may also include atomic layer depositing a first specie of a substrate approximately at an optimum temperature for the first specie deposition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for releasably attaching a planarizing medium, such as a polishing pad, to the platen of a chemical-mechanical planarization machine. In one embodiment, the apparatus can include several apertures in the upper surface of the platen that are coupled to a vacuum source. When a vacuum is drawn through the apertures in the platen, the polishing pad is drawn tightly against the platen and may therefore be less likely to wrinkle when a semiconductor substrate is engaged with the polishing pad during planarization. When the vacuum is released, the polishing pad can be easily separated from the platen. The apparatus can further include a liquid trap to separate liquid from the fluid drawn by the vacuum source through the apertures, and can also include a releasable stop to prevent the polishing pad from separating from the platen should the vacuum source be deactivated while the platen is in motion.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards routing method and apparatus. Some embodiments provide a routing method that uses diagonal routes. This method routes several nets within a region of a circuit layout. Each net includes a set of pins in the region. The method initially partitions the region into several sub-regions. For each particular net in the region, the method then identifies a route that connects the sub-regions that contains a pin from the set of pins of the particular net. Some of the identified routes have edges that are at least partially diagonal.

Abstract: A group notification system and associated method that allow particular activities to be executed based on the group dynamics, such as the dynamics of organizing meetings. The system facilitates the availability of knowledge concerning the proximity and direction of movement of individuals, objects, or groups, and whether this information satisfies preset criteria or rules. One such criterion is that the proximity distance of the group members be less than a predetermined threshold range. The threshold range can be adjustable or programmable.

Abstract: A method for depositing a rough polysilicon film on a substrate is disclosed. The method includes introducing the reactant gases argon and silane into a deposition chamber and enabling and disabling a plasma at various times during the deposition process.

Abstract: In general, the invention allows for content protection of digital data by intentionally introducing errors introduced within error correction information during the production or generation of an original digital medium, or any authorized copy thereof The errors may be introduced within error correction information corresponding to the stored content, such as a software application, audio or video file, or within a stored “access key” used to access the content. The errors may be introduced, for example, at the time of manufacturing of the medium or when making an authorized copy of digital data. When authenticating digital media, the erroneous error correction information is disregarded and corresponding “raw” uncorrected data is used for authentication purposes.

Abstract: An anterior chamber phakic lens made from an elastomeric, foldable, highly biocompatible material. The lens has a generally circular optic and integrally formed plate-style haptics, the haptics containing an opening into which project a pair of pincer arms. the pincer arms are sized and shaped so as to pull away from each other when the lens is folded, and are draw back toward each other when the folded lens is released and allowed to return to its unfolded state. Such movement allows the pincers to gather a small section of the iris so as to hold the lens in place.

Abstract: A method for analyzing healthcare claims data determines values for missing data for analysis purposes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for releasably attaching a planarizing medium, such as a polishing pad, to the platen of a chemical-mechanical planarization machine. In one embodiment, the apparatus can include several apertures in the upper surface of the platen that are coupled to a vacuum source. When a vacuum is drawn through the apertures in the platen, the polishing pad is drawn tightly against the platen and may therefore be less likely to wrinkle when a semiconductor substrate is engaged with the polishing pad during planarization. When the vacuum is released, the polishing pad can be easily separated from the platen. The apparatus can further include a liquid trap to separate liquid from the fluid drawn by the vacuum source through the apertures, and can also include a releasable stop to prevent the polishing pad from separating from the platen should the vacuum source be deactivated while the platen is in motion.

Abstract: A method is described for allowing remote login to a user's personal workstation. The workstation is a client terminal connected to a server within a network. The method comprises the steps of searching, from a remote location, for a login web page of the network via a web browser and entering a series of login credential information into a particular login request area on the web page. In response to correctly entering the login credential information into the login request area, the user is provided with a graphical user interface (GUI) of the particular user's network terminal and full access to the personal network information such as software applications stored in the memory of the client terminal. (i.e. simulating the user's client terminal GUI and providing full access to locally stored software and functional elements of the user's client terminal).

Abstract: A fuel cell system made up of a plurality of fuel cells. Each cell includes a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet, a fuel side product outlet and an oxidant side product outlet. A common fuel supply line is provided for the fuel inlets. A common oxidant supply line is provided for the oxidant inlets. A common product purging mechanism is coupled to the outlets for purging the same of unused fuel, unused oxidant, fuel side product and oxidant side product. The product purging mechanism includes valving structure operable to selectively and independently open the outlets of a given cell. A method for operating such a fuel cell system includes supplying fuel to the fuel inlets from a common source of fuel and supplying an oxidant to the oxidant inlets from a common source of oxidant. The outlets of a given cell are selectively opened to purge fuel product and oxidant product from the given cell while the outlets of other cells are kept closed.

Abstract: In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a method of forming a trench isolation region includes forming a trench within a substrate. A silanol layer is formed to partially fill the trench and then converted, at least some of the silanol, to a compound including at least one of SiOn and RSiOn, where R includes an organic group. An electrically insulative material is formed over the converted silanol to fill the trench. In another aspect of the invention, a method of forming a trench isolation region includes forming a trench within a substrate. A first layer of at least one of Si(OH)x and (CH3)ySi(OH)4-y is formed |1 to partially fill the trench. At least some of the Si(OH)x if present is converted to SiO2 and at least some of (CH3)ySi(OH)4-y if present is converted to (CH3)xSiO2-x. Next, a layer of an electrically insulative material is formed to fill the trench.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sending messages to a digital pager in a communications system. A voice message is received from a caller, wherein the voice message is to be sent to a pager. The voice message is transformed into a text message, wherein the message is transformed using a data processing system. The text message is sent to the digital pager across an air interface.

Abstract: A system for polishing a semiconductor wafer, the system comprising a wafer polishing assembly for polishing a face of a semiconductor wafer at a polishing rate and a polishing uniformity, the wafer polishing assembly including a platen subassembly defining a polishing area, and a polishing head selectively supporting a semiconductor wafer and holding a face of the semiconductor wafer in contact with the platen subassembly to polish the wafer face; and a controller selectively adjusting one of a plurality of adjustable polishing parameters during polishing of the wafer.

Abstract: A system and technique for phased array antenna beam steering for transmitting and receiving without sending the waveform through an actual (physical) time delay when a time varying frequency is used as the waveform. The inventive system is adapted for use with an antenna having an array of radiating elements and includes a plurality of signal sources. Each source is adapted to provide a signal having a predetermined frequency offset signal for an associated radiating element or set of radiating elements. For transmit a plurality of first mixers is provided. Each of the first mixers is coupled to receive an excitation signal as a first input and the output from a respective one of the sources as a second input. The output of each mixer is coupled to a respective subset of the antenna radiating elements. In effect, each of the sources provides a virtual time delay.

Abstract: An ovonic phase-change semiconductor memory device having a reduced area of contact between electrodes of chalcogenide memories, and methods of forming the same. Such memory devices are formed by forming a tip protruding from a lower surface of a lower electrode element. An insulative material is applied over the lower electrode such that an upper surface of the tip is exposed. A chalcogenide material and an upper electrode are either formed atop the tip, or the tip is etched into the insulative material and the chalcogenide material and upper electrode are deposited within the recess. This allows the memory cells to be made smaller and allows the overall power requirements for the memory cell to be minimized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for releasably attaching a planarizing medium, such as a polishing pad, to the platen of a chemical-mechanical planarization machine. In one embodiment, the apparatus can include several apertures in the upper surface of the platen that are coupled to a vacuum source. When a vacuum is drawn through the apertures in the platen, the polishing pad is drawn tightly against the platen and may therefore be less likely to wrinkle when a semiconductor substrate is engaged with the polishing pad during planarization. When the vacuum is released, the polishing pad can be easily separated from the platen. The apparatus can further include a liquid trap to separate liquid from the fluid drawn by the vacuum source through the apertures, and can also include a releasable stop to prevent the polishing pad from separating from the platen should the vacuum source be deactivated while the platen is in motion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for releasably attaching a planarizing medium, such as a polishing pad, to the platen of a chemical-mechanical planarization machine. In one embodiment, the apparatus can include several apertures in the upper surface of the platen that are coupled to a vacuum source. When a vacuum is drawn through the apertures in the platen, the polishing pad is drawn tightly against the platen and may therefore be less likely to wrinkle when a semiconductor substrate is engaged with the polishing pad during planarization. When the vacuum is released, the polishing pad can be easily separated from the platen. The apparatus can further include a liquid trap to separate liquid from the fluid drawn by the vacuum source through the apertures, and can also include a releasable stop to prevent the polishing pad from separating from the platen should the vacuum source be deactivated while the platen is in motion.