SINGLE STACK DUAL CHANNEL GATE-ALL-AROUND NANOSHEET WITH STRAINED PFET AND BOTTOM DIELECTRIC ISOLATION NFET
Embodiments of the invention include a single stack dual channel gate-all-around nanosheet with strained PFET and bottom dielectric isolation NFET. A PFET comprising at least one silicon germanium channel is formed. An NFET comprising at least one silicon channel is formed, the PFET being positioned laterally to the NFET, the at least one silicon channel and the at least one silicon germanium channel being staggered in a vertical direction.
The present invention generally relates to fabrication methods and resulting structures for integrated circuits, and more specifically, to fabrication methods and resulting structures configured and arranged to implement single stack dual channel gate-all-around nanosheet with strained P-type field-effect transistor (PFET) and bottom dielectric isolation N-type field-effect transistor (NFET).
A metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is a transistor used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. The MOSFET has a source, a drain, and a metal oxide gate electrode. A conventional FET is a planar device where the entire channel region of the device is formed parallel and slightly below the planar upper surface of the semiconducting substrate. In contrast to a planar FET, there are so-called three-dimensional (3D) devices, such as a FinFET device, which is a three-dimensional structure. One type of device that shows promise for advanced integrated circuit products is generally known as a nanosheet transistor. In general, a nanosheet transistor has a fin-type channel structure that includes of a plurality of vertically spaced-apart sheets of semiconductor material. A gate structure for the device is positioned around each of these spaced-apart layers of channel semiconductor material.
SUMMARYEmbodiments of the present invention are directed to single stack dual channel gate-all-around nanosheet with a strained PFET and bottom dielectric isolation NFET. A non-limiting device includes a PFET comprising at least one silicon germanium channel and an NFET comprising at least one silicon channel. The NFET device is positioned laterally to the NFET device. The at least one silicon channel and the at least one silicon germanium channel are staggered in a vertical direction.
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method that includes forming a stack into a first nanosheet stack and a second nanosheet stack, each of the first and second nanosheet stacks comprising a first layer, second layers, and third layers. The method includes replacing the first layer in the second nanosheet stack with an electrically insulating bottom isolation layer and replacing the first layer and the third layers in the first nanosheet stack with first gate stack material. The method includes replacing the second layers in the second nanosheet stack with second gate stack material.
Other embodiments of the present invention implement features of the above-described devices/structures in methods.
Additional technical features and benefits are realized through the techniques of the present invention. Embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed subject matter. For a better understanding, refer to the detailed description and to the drawings.
The specifics of the exclusive rights described herein are particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features and advantages of the embodiments of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
For the sake of brevity, conventional techniques related to semiconductor device and integrated circuit (IC) fabrication may or may not be described in detail herein. Moreover, the various tasks and process steps described herein can be incorporated into a more comprehensive procedure or process having additional steps or functionality not described in detail herein. In particular, various steps in the manufacture of semiconductor devices and semiconductor-based ICs are well known and so, in the interest of brevity, many conventional steps will only be mentioned briefly herein or will be omitted entirely without providing the well-known process details.
One or more embodiments of the invention describe methods and subsequent device/structures which provide a single nanosheet stack epitaxy integration for dual channels gate-all-around nanosheet with strained PFET and bottom dielectric isolation NFET. According to one or more embodiments, epitaxial silicon germanium (SiGe) channel is utilized for the PFET and epitaxial silicon for the NFET using a single stack approach, which is simpler to manufacture than typical dual channels proposals requiring the co-integration of multiple nanosheet stack epitaxies. The PFET is formed with an exposed substrate having a punch-through-stopper implant to enable strain engineering. The NFET is formed with a bottom dielectric isolation layer to completely eliminate the risk of parasitic Source-Drain leakage through the substrate.
For nanosheet devices on bulk substrate, the source/drain epitaxial layer grows from (i) the side of the silicon nanosheets and (ii) the bottom silicon substrate. This can lead to parasitic source/drain leakage through the sub-sheet region (i.e., through a portion of the bottom silicon substrate) harming the performance of the nanosheet devices.
As technical solutions to one or more issues and/or technical benefits, one or more embodiments of the invention can provide bottom dielectric isolation of the source/drain epitaxial layer from the substrate to prevent leakage, thereby providing optimal electrical performance at any desired gate length (e.g., about 12 nanometers or below) for an NFET. Strain engineering is utilized for the PFET to meet device performance targets, by having an exposed substrate to generate the bottom-up growth component for a compressive epitaxy. One or more embodiments use epitaxial SiGe channel for the PFET and a silicon channel for the NFET, while using a single nanosheet stack approach meaning that the stacks/fins are simulataneously formed for the PFET and NFET. As such, the PFET with exposed substrate enables strain engineering, while the NFET with bottom dielectric isolation is to suppress leakage. By having a single nanosheet stack approach with dual channels, this avoids the problems with having to perform multi-stack integration, where the nanosheet stack for the PFET is grown separately from the nanosheet stack for the NFET.
One or more embodiments may include forming a punch-through-stopper (PTS) implant, growing a nanosheet epitaxy stack with a sacrificial high-Ge % layer, forming the fin and shallow trench isolation layer, and forming dummy gates. One or more embodiments may include forming a bottom dielectric isolation cavity selectively on NFET devices by removing the high-Ge % layer, forming simultaneously the PFET/NFET gate spacer and the NFET bottom dielectric isolation, and forming PFET source/drain cavities, inner spacers, and source/drain epitaxy. One or more embodiments may further include forming NFET source/drain cavities, inner spacers, and source/drain epitaxy, depositing interlayer dielectric, planarizing and selectively removing dummy gates, patterning PFET opening, and etching selectively sacrificial high-Ge % layer and silicon suspensions. One or more embodiments may include patterning NFET opening, etching selectively low-Ge % layer suspensions, forming PFET and NFET high-k metal gate final gate stack, forming gate cut and self-aligned contact cap, and forming source/drain trench metal contacts and gate.
Turning now to a more detailed description of aspects of the present invention,
Low-k dielectric materials may generally include dielectric materials having a k value of about 3.9 or less, such as silicon dioxide. The ultralow k dielectric material generally includes dielectric materials having a k value less than 2.5. Unless otherwise noted, all k values mentioned in the present application are measured relative to a vacuum. Exemplary ultralow k dielectric materials generally include porous materials such as porous organic silicate glasses, porous polyamide nanofoams, silica xerogels, porous hydrogen silsequioxane (HSQ), porous methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ), porous inorganic materials, porous CVD materials, porous organic materials, or combinations thereof. The ultralow k dielectric material can be produced using a templated process or a sol-gel process as is generally known in the art. In the templated process, the precursor typically contains a composite of thermally labile and stable materials. After film deposition, the thermally labile materials can be removed by thermal heating, leaving pores in the dielectric film. In the sol gel process, the porous low k dielectric films can be formed by hydrolysis and polycondensation of an alkoxide(s) such as tetraetehoxysilane (TEOS).
In general, the semiconductor material layers 406, 410, 414 are each silicon layers (substantially pure silicon), the semiconductor material layers 404, 408, 412 are each silicon germanium (SiGe) layers, and the semiconductor material layer 402 is a SiGe layer with a higher GE percentage. In one or more embodiments, the semiconductor material layers 404, 408, 412 include SiGe where germanium has an atomic percent (%) of about 25% and may range from an atomic percent from about 15-35%, thereby leaving silicon with the remainder. In the SiGe material of the semiconductor material layer 402, the atomic percent of germanium may range from about 40-75%, while silicon is the remainder. In one or more embodiments, the thicknesses of semiconductor material layers 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414 may be about the same. In one or more embodiments, the thicknesses of the semiconductor material layers 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414 may vary depending upon the particular application and they need not have the same thicknesses. In examples depicted herein, the semiconductor material layers 404, 408, 412 will be utilized as the channel regions for the PFET devices, while the semiconductor material layers 406, 410, 414 will be utilized as the channel regions for the NFET devices.
Etching is performed to selectively etch portions of (SiGe with Ge 50%) semiconductor layer 402, while not etching other layers in the PFET region, thereby resulting in the (SiGe with Ge 50%) indentations in semiconductor layer 402. The etchant utilized to form the indentations in semiconductor layer 402 can include HCl or ClF3.
A conformal low-k dielectric (or ultralow-k) deposition of low-k dielectric material is performed, and then low-k dielectric etch back is performed, resulting in the formation of PFET inner spacers 1102, as depicted in
In some ways,
A conformal low-k dielectric deposition of low-k dielectric material (or ultralow-k dielectric material) is performed, and then low-k dielectric etch back is performed, resulting in the formation of NFET inner spacers 1302, as depicted in
Techniques for forming high-k metal gate (HKMG) in gate openings are well-known in the art and, thus, the details have been omitted in order to allow the reader to focus on the salient aspects of the disclosed methods. However, it should be understood that such HKMG will generally include formation of one or more gate dielectric layers (e.g., a high-k gate dielectric layer), which are deposited so as to line the gate openings, and formation of one or more metal layers, which are deposited onto the gate dielectric layer(s) so as to fill the gate openings. The materials and thicknesses of the dielectric and metal layers used for the HKMG can be preselected to achieve desired work functions given the conductivity type of the FET. To avoid clutter in the drawings and to allow the reader to focus on the salient aspects of the disclosed methods, the different layers within the HKMG stack are not illustrated. For explanation purposes, a high-k gate dielectric layer can be, for example, a dielectric material with a dielectric constant that is greater than the dielectric constant of silicon dioxide (i.e., greater than 3.9). Exemplary high-k dielectric materials include, but are not limited to, hafnium (Hf)-based dielectrics (e.g., hafnium oxide, hafnium silicon oxide, hafnium silicon oxynitride, hafnium aluminum oxide, etc.) or other suitable high-k dielectrics (e.g., aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, etc.). Optionally, the metal layer(s) can include a work function metal that is immediately adjacent to the gate dielectric layer and that is preselected in order to achieve an optimal gate conductor work function given the conductivity type of the nanosheet-FET. For example, the optimal gate conductor work function for the PFETs can be, for example, between about 4.9 eV and about 5.2 eV. Exemplary metals (and metal alloys) having a work function within or close to this range include, but are not limited to, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, cobalt, and nickel, as well as metal oxides (aluminum carbon oxide, aluminum titanium carbon oxide, etc.) and metal nitrides (e.g., titanium nitride, titanium silicon nitride, tantalum silicon nitride, titanium aluminum nitride, tantalum aluminum nitride, etc.). The optimal gate conductor work function for NFETs can be, for example, between 3.9 eV and about 4.2 eV. Exemplary metals (and metal alloys) having a work function within or close to this range include, but are not limited to, hafnium, zirconium, titanium, tantalum, aluminum, and alloys thereof, such as, hafnium carbide, zirconium carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, and aluminum carbide. The metal layer(s) can further include a fill metal or fill metal alloy, such as tungsten, a tungsten alloy (e.g., tungsten silicide or titanium tungsten), cobalt, aluminum or any other suitable fill metal or fill metal.
A metal material 1706 is deposited in both the PFET and NFET regions and is recessed, using, for example, chemical mechanical polishing/planarization. The metal material 1706 may be a fill metal. Etching may be performed to further recess the metal material 1706. The metal material 1706 may be tungsten. Lithography may be utilized to perform a gate cut 1720 through the metal material 1706, the high-k and P-type WFM stack 1702, and the high-k and N-type WFM stack 1704. This gate cut 1720 leaves an opening between the PFET region and the NFET region, which is filled by insulation material as best seen in
The NFET comprises a bottom isolation layer 904, the PFET being free of any bottom isolation layer. The PFET comprises a p-type gate stack (e.g., high-k and P-type WFM stack 1702), a portion of the p-type gate stack extending vertically below a top surface of an electrically insulating bottom isolation layer 904.
The PFET comprises a plurality of silicon germanium channels (e.g., one or more semiconductor layers 404, 408, 412) one of which is the at least one silicon germanium channel, the NFET comprising a plurality of silicon channels (e.g., one or more semiconductor layers 406, 410, 414) one of which is the at least one silicon channel; the plurality of silicon germanium channels and the plurality of silicon channels are staggered in the vertical direction.
Inner spacers 1102 of the PFET are staggered in the vertical direction from inner spacers 1302 of the NFET. A center axis or central axis of epitaxial material of a source and a drain (e.g., source and drain regions 1104) of the PFET is below a center axis of epitaxial material of a source and a drain (e.g., source and drain regions 1304) of the NFET. A center axis or central axis of the at least one silicon channel (e.g., any one or more semiconductor layers 406, 410, 414) is offset in a vertical direction from a center axis of the at least one silicon germanium channel (e.g., any one or more semiconductor layers 404, 408, 412), when compared on a one-to-one basis.
A bottom isolation layer 904 in the NFET causes a center axis of the at least one silicon channel to be offset in a vertical direction from a center axis of the at least one silicon germanium channel. The PFET comprises a first punch-through-stopper implant layer (e.g., PTS layer 302) and the NFET comprises a second punch-through-stopper implant layer (e.g., PTS layer 304), at least one portion of the first punch-through-stopper implant layer (e.g., PTS layer 302) being recessed. Epitaxial material of a source and a drain (e.g., source/drain regions 1104) in the PFET comprises a composite material (e.g., Si:B with SiGe:B on top). The epitaxial material of the source and the drain in the PFET is in contact with a punch-through-stopper implant layer (e.g., PTS layer 302). A crystal lattice of the at least one silicon germanium channel comprises compressive strain generated by a compressive force from the epitaxial material of the source and the drain (e.g., source and drain regions 1104) in the PFET. A top surface of a work function material stack (e.g., high-k and N-type WFM stack 1704) for the NFET is above a top surface of a work function material stack (e.g., high-k and P-type WFM stack 1702) for the PFET.
Replacing the first layer and the third layers in the first nanosheet stack with the first gate stack material comprises: selectively etching the first layer; and selectively etching the third layers, while preventing the second layers from being etched in the first nanosheet stack. Replacing the second layers in the second nanosheet stack with the second gate stack material comprises: selectively etching the second layers while preventing the third layers from being etched.
Various embodiments of the present invention are described herein with reference to the related drawings. Alternative embodiments can be devised without departing from the scope of this invention. Although various connections and positional relationships (e.g., over, below, adjacent, etc.) are set forth between elements in the following description and in the drawings, persons skilled in the art will recognize that many of the positional relationships described herein are orientation-independent when the described functionality is maintained even though the orientation is changed. These connections and/or positional relationships, unless specified otherwise, can be direct or indirect, and the present invention is not intended to be limiting in this respect. Accordingly, a coupling of entities can refer to either a direct or an indirect coupling, and a positional relationship between entities can be a direct or indirect positional relationship. As an example of an indirect positional relationship, references in the present description to forming layer “A” over layer “B” include situations in which one or more intermediate layers (e.g., layer “C”) is between layer “A” and layer “B” as long as the relevant characteristics and functionalities of layer “A” and layer “B” are not substantially changed by the intermediate layer(s).
The phrase “selective to,” such as, for example, “a first element selective to a second element,” means that the first element can be etched and the second element can act as an etch stop.
As used herein, “p-type” refers to the addition of impurities to an intrinsic semiconductor that creates deficiencies of valence electrons. In a silicon-containing substrate, examples of p-type dopants, i.e., impurities, include but are not limited to: boron, aluminum, gallium and indium.
As used herein, “n-type” refers to the addition of impurities that contributes free electrons to an intrinsic semiconductor. In a silicon containing substrate examples of n-type dopants, i.e., impurities, include but are not limited to antimony, arsenic and phosphorous.
As previously noted herein, for the sake of brevity, conventional techniques related to semiconductor device and integrated circuit (IC) fabrication may or may not be described in detail herein. By way of background, however, a more general description of the semiconductor device fabrication processes that can be utilized in implementing one or more embodiments of the present invention will now be provided. Although specific fabrication operations used in implementing one or more embodiments of the present invention can be individually known, the described combination of operations and/or resulting structures of the present invention are unique. Thus, the unique combination of the operations described in connection with the fabrication of a semiconductor device according to the present invention utilize a variety of individually known physical and chemical processes performed on a semiconductor (e.g., silicon) substrate, some of which are described in the immediately following paragraphs.
In general, the various processes used to form a micro-chip that will be packaged into an IC fall into four general categories, namely, film deposition, removal/etching, semiconductor doping and patterning/lithography. Deposition is any process that grows, coats, or otherwise transfers a material onto the wafer. Available technologies include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrochemical deposition (ECD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and more recently, atomic layer deposition (ALD) among others. Removal/etching is any process that removes material from the wafer. Examples include etch processes (either wet or dry), and chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP), and the like. Semiconductor doping is the modification of electrical properties by doping, for example, transistor sources and drains, generally by diffusion and/or by ion implantation. These doping processes are followed by furnace annealing or by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Annealing serves to activate the implanted dopants. Films of both conductors (e.g., poly-silicon, aluminum, copper, etc.) and insulators (e.g., various forms of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, etc.) are used to connect and isolate transistors and their components. Selective doping of various regions of the semiconductor substrate allows the conductivity of the substrate to be changed with the application of voltage. By creating structures of these various components, millions of transistors can be built and wired together to form the complex circuitry of a modern microelectronic device.
As noted above, atomic layer etching processes can be used in the present invention for via residue removal, such as can be caused by via misalignment. The atomic layer etch process provide precise etching of metals using a plasma-based approach or an electrochemical approach. The atomic layer etching processes are generally defined by two well-defined, sequential, self-limiting reaction steps that can be independently controlled. The process generally includes passivation followed selective removal of the passivation layer and can be used to remove thin metal layers on the order of nanometers. An exemplary plasma-based approach generally includes a two-step process that generally includes exposing a metal such a copper to chlorine and hydrogen plasmas at low temperature (below 20° C.). This process generates a volatile etch product that minimizes surface contamination. In another example, cyclic exposure to an oxidant and hexafluoroacetylacetone (Hhfac) at an elevated temperature such as at 275° C. can be used to selectively etch a metal such as copper. An exemplary electrochemical approach also can include two steps. A first step includes surface-limited sulfidization of the metal such as copper to form a metal sulfide, e.g., Cu2S, followed by selective wet etching of the metal sulfide, e.g., etching of Cu2S in HCl. Atomic layer etching is relatively recent technology and optimization for a specific metal is well within the skill of those in the art. The reactions at the surface provide high selectivity and minimal or no attack of exposed dielectric surfaces.
Semiconductor lithography is the formation of three-dimensional relief images or patterns on the semiconductor substrate for subsequent transfer of the pattern to the substrate. In semiconductor lithography, the patterns are formed by a light sensitive polymer called a photoresist. To build the complex structures that make up a transistor and the many wires that connect the millions of transistors of a circuit, lithography and etch pattern transfer steps are repeated multiple times. Each pattern being printed on the wafer is aligned to the previously formed patterns and slowly the conductors, insulators and selectively doped regions are built up to form the final device.
The photoresist can be formed using conventional deposition techniques such chemical vapor deposition, plasma vapor deposition, sputtering, dip coating, spin-on coating, brushing, spraying and other like deposition techniques can be employed. Following formation of the photoresist, the photoresist is exposed to a desired pattern of radiation such as X-ray radiation, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, electron beam radiation or the like. Next, the exposed photoresist is developed utilizing a conventional resist development process.
After the development step, the etching step can be performed to transfer the pattern from the patterned photoresist into the interlayer dielectric. The etching step used in forming the at least one opening can include a dry etching process (including, for example, reactive ion etching, ion beam etching, plasma etching or laser ablation), a wet chemical etching process or any combination thereof.
For the sake of brevity, conventional techniques related to making and using aspects of the invention may or may not be described in detail herein. In particular, various aspects of computing systems and specific computer programs to implement the various technical features described herein are well known. Accordingly, in the interest of brevity, many conventional implementation details are only mentioned briefly herein or are omitted entirely without providing the well-known system and/or process details.
In some embodiments, various functions or acts can take place at a given location and/or in connection with the operation of one or more apparatuses or systems. In some embodiments, a portion of a given function or act can be performed at a first device or location, and the remainder of the function or act can be performed at one or more additional devices or locations.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
The diagrams depicted herein are illustrative. There can be many variations to the diagram or the steps (or operations) described therein without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For instance, the actions can be performed in a differing order or actions can be added, deleted or modified. Also, the term “coupled” describes having a signal path between two elements and does not imply a direct connection between the elements with no intervening elements/connections therebetween. All of these variations are considered a part of the present disclosure.
The following definitions and abbreviations are to be used for the interpretation of the claims and the specification. As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains” or “containing,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, a mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus.
Additionally, the term “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance or illustration.” Any embodiment or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. The terms “at least one” and “one or more” are understood to include any integer number greater than or equal to one, i.e. one, two, three, four, etc. The terms “a plurality” are understood to include any integer number greater than or equal to two, i.e., two, three, four, five, etc. The term “connection” can include both an indirect “connection” and a direct “connection.”
The terms “about,” “substantially,” “approximately,” and variations thereof, are intended to include the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity based upon the equipment available at the time of filing the application. For example, “about” can include a range of ±8% or 5%, or 2% of a given value.
The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product at any possible technical detail level of integration. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.
The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.
Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device.
Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instruction by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments described herein.
Claims
1. A device comprising:
- a p-type field-effect transistor (PFET) comprising at least one silicon germanium channel; and
- an n-type field-effect transistor (NFET) comprising at least one silicon channel, the PFET being positioned laterally to the NFET, the at least one silicon channel and the at least one silicon germanium channel being staggered in a vertical direction.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the NFET comprises an electrically insulating bottom isolation layer, the PFET being free of any bottom isolation layer.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the PFET comprises a p-type gate stack, a portion of the p-type gate stack extending vertically below a top surface of an electrically insulating bottom isolation layer.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein:
- the PFET comprises a plurality of silicon germanium channels one of which is the at least one silicon germanium channel, the NFET comprising a plurality of silicon channels one of which is the at least one silicon channel; and
- the plurality of silicon germanium channels and the plurality of silicon channels are staggered in the vertical direction.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein inner spacers of the PFET are staggered in the vertical direction from inner spacers of the NFET.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein a center axis of epitaxial material of a source and a drain of the PFET is below a center axis of epitaxial material of a source and a drain of the NFET.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein a center axis of the at least one silicon channel is offset in the vertical direction from a center axis of the at least one silicon germanium channel.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein an electrically insulating bottom isolation layer in the NFET causes a center axis of the at least one silicon channel to be offset in the vertical direction from a center axis of the at least one silicon germanium channel.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the PFET comprises a first punch-through-stopper-implant layer and the NFET comprises a second punch-through-stopper implant layer, at least one portion of the first punch-through-stopper-implant layer being recessed.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein:
- epitaxial material of a source and a drain in the PFET and the NFET comprises a composite material;
- the epitaxial material of the source and the drain in the PFET is in contact with a punch-through-stopper implant layer; and
- a crystal lattice of the at least one silicon germanium channel comprises compressive strain generated by a compressive force from the epitaxial material of the source and the drain in the PFET.
11. The device of claim 1, wherein a top surface of a work function material stack for the NFET is above a top surface of a work function material stack for the PFET.
12. A method comprising:
- forming a PFET comprising at least one silicon germanium channel; and
- forming an NFET comprising at least one silicon channel, the PFET being positioned laterally to the NFET, the at least one silicon channel and the at least one silicon germanium channel being staggered in a vertical direction.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the NFET comprises an electrically insulating bottom isolation layer, the PFET being free of any bottom isolation layer.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the PFET comprises a p-type gate stack, a portion of the p-type gate stack extending vertically below a top surface of an electrically insulating bottom isolation layer.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein:
- the PFET comprises a plurality of silicon germanium channels one of which is the at least one silicon germanium channel, the NFET comprising a plurality of silicon channels one of which is the at least one silicon channel; and
- the plurality of silicon germanium channels and the plurality of silicon channels are staggered in the vertical direction.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein inner spacers of the PFET are staggered in the vertical direction from inner spacers of the NFET.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein a center axis of epitaxial material of a source and a drain of the PFET is below a center axis of epitaxial material of a source and a drain of the NFET.
18. A method comprising:
- forming a single stack into a first nanosheet stack and a second nanosheet stack, each of the first and second nanosheet stacks comprising a first layer, second layers, and third layers;
- replacing the first layer in the second nanosheet stack with an electrically insulating bottom isolation layer;
- replacing the first layer and the third layers in the first nanosheet stack with first gate stack material; and
- replacing the second layers in the second nanosheet stack with second gate stack material.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein replacing the first layer and the third layers in the first nanosheet stack with the first gate stack material comprises:
- selectively etching the first layer; and
- selectively etching the third layers, while preventing the second layers from being etched in the first nanosheet stack.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein replacing the second layers in the second nanosheet stack with the second gate stack material comprises:
- selectively etching the second layers while preventing the third layers from being etched.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 23, 2022
Publication Date: Dec 28, 2023
Inventors: Julien Frougier (Albany, NY), Andrew M. Greene (Slingerlands, NY), Shogo Mochizuki (Mechanicville, NY), Kangguo Cheng (Schenectady, NY), Ruilong Xie (Niskayuna, NY), Heng Wu (Santa Clara, CA), Min Gyu Sung (Latham, NY), Liqiao Qin (Albany, NY), Gen Tsutsui (Albany, NY)
Application Number: 17/808,360