Adhesive composition
An adhesive composition comprising a modified, ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber or a modified, ethylene/.alpha.-olefin/non-conjugated diene copolymer rubber containing 0.1-10% by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of an acid anhydride and a dicarboxylic acid, and, if necessary, as an amine compound,(i) 0.2-2 moles of a dialkylamine per mole of the acid anhydride in said modified copolymer rubber when said modified copolymer rubber contains no dicarboxylic acid;(ii) 0.2-2 moles of a polyamine compound per mole of the total amount of the acid anhydride and the dicarboxylic acid in said modified copolymer rubber; or(iii) 0.2-2 moles of a dialkylamine per mole of the acid anhydride in said modified copolymer rubber and 0.2-2 moles of a polyamine compound per mole of the acid anhydride in said modified copolymer rubber when said modified copolymer rubber contains no dicarboxylic acid. The above adhesive composition exhibits good adhesion for rubber compositions, particularly low unsaturated, non-polar rubber compositions and fibers, and is excellent in storage stability.
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The present invention relates to an adhesive composition suitable for adhering rubber compositions and fibers. More particularly, the present invention relates to an adhesive composition suitable for adhering rubber compositions each consisting of a low unsaturated, non-polar rubber such as an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber, an isobutylene/isoprene copolymer rubber or the like.
As an adhesive for rubber compositions, etc., there has been widely used an adhesive composition consisting mainly of a polymer material containing a halogenated compound. However, the above adhesive composition does not exhibit sufficient adhesion for all the rubber compositions. Particularly, it does not exhibit sufficient adhesion for rubber compositions each consisting of the above-mentioned low unsaturated, non-polar rubber.
The present inventors have investigated an adhesive composition suitable for adhering rubber compositions, particularly rubber compositions each consisting of a low unsaturated, non-polar rubber.
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel adhesive composition consisting mainly of an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer or ethylene/.alpha.-olefin/non-conjugated diene copolymer rubber containing an acid anhydride and/or a dicarboxylic acid and which exhibits good adhesion for rubber compositions each consisting of a low unsaturated, non-polar rubber and fibers.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description.
According to the present invention, there is provided an adhesive composition comprising a modified, ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer or modified, ethylene/.alpha.-olefin/non-conjugated diene copolymer rubber containing 0.1-10% by weight of an acid anhydride and/or a dicarboxylic acid (hereinafter referred to as the modified copolymer rubber).
The present invention further provides an adhesive composition comprising said adhesive composition and an organic solvent.
In the present specification, the ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber and the ethylene/.alpha.-olefin/non-conjugated diene copolymer rubber are hereinafter referred to as the copolymer rubbers, collectively.
The .alpha.-olefins may preferably be those having 3-10 carbon atoms. Specifically, the .alpha.-olefin includes propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene and the like.
The non-conjugated diene includes dicyclopentadiene, ethylidenenorbornene, 1,4-hexadiene, and the like.
The acid anhydride includes maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, nadic anhydride and the like.
The dicarboxylic acid includes maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, nadic acid and the like.
The amount of the acid anhydride and/or the dicarboxylic acid in the modified copolymer rubber is in a range of 0.1-10% by weight. When the amount is smaller than 0.1% by weight, the adhesive strength is lower and when the amount is larger than 10% by weight, a great enhancement of the adhesive strength is not expected. The amount is preferably in a range of 0.2-8% by weight, more preferably, in a range of 0.5-5% by weight.
The modified copolymer rubber in the present invention may be produced by a conventional reaction. For example, the modified copolymer rubber can be produced according to the methods described in Japanese Patent Application Kokoku No. 58-53005 and Japanese Patent Application Kokoku No. 58-445, etc.
The modified copolymer rubber containing a dicarboxylic acid alone can be easily produced by hydrolyzing the modified copolymer rubber containing an acid anhydride, too.
Also, the modified copolymer rubber containing both the acid anhydride and the dicarboxylic acid can be produced by controlling the degree of hydrolysis.
Further, a modified copolymer rubber comprising an alkenyl aromatic monomer such as styrene, methylstyrene or the like and an acid anhydride and/or a dicarboxylic acid can be preferably used, which are produced according to the method described in Japanese Patent Application Kokai No. 62-112614.
In order to improve storage stability to maintain high adhesive strength, the modified copolymer rubber containing an acid anhydride and no dicarboxylic acid may contain a dialkylamine.
The dialkylamine used in the present invention includes dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, dibutylamine, diisobutylamine, di-t-butylamine, di-sec-butylamine, diamylamine, dihexylamine, dioctylamine and the like. Diethylamine, dipropylamine and dibutylamine are preferable.
The amount of the dialkylamine used is in a range of 0.2-2 moles, preferably 0.5-1.5 moles and more preferably 0.8-1.2 moles per mole of the acid anhydride in the modified copolymer rubber which contains no dicarboxylic acid. When the amount is smaller than 0.2 mole, the enhancement of the storage stability is smaller and when the amount is larger than 2 moles, the adhesive strength is lower.
The reaction of the dialkylamine with the modified copolymer rubber which contains no dicarboxylic acid can be conducted merely by adding the dialkylamine to a solution of the modified copolymer rubber which contains no dicarboxylic acid in an organic solvent, for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or the like; or an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane, heptane, octane, decane or the like. Preferably, the above reaction is conducted with heating and stirring.
In the present invention, a polyamine compound may be added to the modified copolymer rubber in order to improve adhesion ability.
The polyamine compound used in the present invention includes aliphatic polyamine compounds and aromatic polyamine compounds. Specifically, the aliphatic polyamine compounds include ethylenediamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, trimethylhexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, triethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, diethylaminopropylamine, hexamethylenediamine carbamate, ethylenediamine carbamate, N,N'-dicinnamylidene-1,6-hexanediamine and the like; and the aromatic polyamine compounds include o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine and the like. Hexamethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine carbamate are preferred.
The amount of the polyamine compound added is in a range of 0.2-2 moles per mole of the total amount of the acid anhydride and the dicarboxylic acid in the modified copolymer rubber. Preferably, the amount is in a range of 0.25-1.5 moles, more preferably in a range of 0.3-1 mole. When the amount is smaller than 0.2 mole, the enhancement of the adhesive strength is smaller and when the amount is larger than 2 moles, the adhesive strength cannot be expected to be enhanced proportionally to the amount.
In the present invention, the organic solvents may generally be aliphatic solvents, aromatic solvents, halogen-containing solvents and the like. Specifically, the organic solvent includes pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, ethyltoluene, cumene, diethylbenzene, chloroform, tetrachloromethane and the like. The concentration of the adhesive composition in the solution is in a range of 5-50% by weight and is selected depending upon the molecular weight of the modified copolymer rubber contained in the adhesive composition and a process for coating the adhesive composition.
The adhesive composition of the present invention may optionally comprise reinforcing agents, fillers, softening agents, tackifiers and the like which are known in the adhesive industry and the rubber industry.
The adhesive composition of the present invention exhibits good adhesion for rubber compositions, particularly rubber compositions each containing a low unsaturated, non-polar rubber such as ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubbers, ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer rubbers (EPDM), isobutylene/isoprene rubber or the like. Specifically, for these rubbers, the adhesive composition is excellent in vulcanization adhesion between an unvulcanized rubber composition and a vulcanized one, adhesion of two vulcanized rubber compositions to each other, vulcanization adhesion between an unvulcanized rubber composition and a natural fiber or a synthetic fiber, adhesion between a vulcanized rubber composition and a natural fiber or a synthetic fiber, and the like.
Also, the adhesive composition of the present invention can be applied to the adhesion of two natural fibers to each other, two synthetic fibers to each other and between a natural fiber and a synthetic fiber.
The present invention is explained more specifically below referring to Examples and Comparative Examples.
EXAMPLES 1-7 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-4The compositions of adhesives used in the Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 1.
To a maleic anhydride-containing ethylene/propylene or a ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated diene copolymer rubber was optionally added an additive with a roll and then the required amount of an organic solvent as shown in Table 1 was added to attain the solids concentration as shown in Table 1. The resulting mixture was heated at 50.degree. C. for 8 hours to form a solution. The solutions obtained are hereinafter referred to as adhesive compositions A-C.
Adhesive composition D was obtained by allowing the maleic anhydride-containing modified copolymer rubber to stand at a temperature of 60.degree. C. and a humidity of 80% for 1 hour in a thermo-hygrostat and thereafter dissolving the modified copolymer rubber in the organic solvent under the above conditions.
Adhesive composition E for comparison was obtained by dissolving an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber in toluene in the same manner as above.
The compositions of rubber adherends are shown in Table 2. Compounding agents A were mixed in a BR-type Banbury mixer, and thereto were added compounding agents B using a 8-in roll. The obtained unvulcanized rubber composition was subjected to press vulcanization under the vulcanizing conditions shown in Table 2 to obtain a vulcanized sheet having a size of 150 mm.times.150 mm.times.2 mm. From the sheet, a sample strip having a size of 20 mm.times.150 mm was made using a die cutter.
As a textile adherend, a sample strip having a size of 40 mm.times.200 mm was cut from a textile.
One of the adhesive compositions A-E shown in Table 1 was coated uniformly on the sample strip of vulcanized rubber adherend using a glass bar. In adhesion of two vulcanized rubbers to each other, two sample strips were coated with an adhesive composition and, 30 minutes thereafter, the coated surfaces of the two sample strips were placed one on the other.
In adhesion of a vulcanized rubber adherend to a textile adherend, two sample strips were coated with an adhesive composition, and immediately thereafter, the coated surfaces were placed one on the other.
And then, every contacted sample strips were intimately pressed by having a handroller of 2 kg in weight pass over and return three times thereon and the strips were then cured under the conditions shown in Table 3.
In adhesion of a vulcanized rubber adherend to a textile adherend, after curing, the excess portion of the textile adherend was trimmed with scissors to leave it the same size as that of the sample strip of the vulcanized rubber adherend.
The adhesive strength of the adhered product was measured by a 180.degree. peeling test at a peeling speed of 50 mm/min according to JIS K 6301.
The results obtained are shown together in Table 3.
EXAMPLES 8-12 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 5-7Sheets of 2 mm in thickness were made using a 8-in roll from the unvulcanized EPDM compositions A and B shown in Table 2. These sheets were cut in a size of 150.times.150 mm.
In adhesion of an unvulcanized rubber composition adherend to a vulcanized rubber composition adherend, the adhesive composition of Table 1 was applied using a glass bar at a surface of each sheet of the unvulcanized rubber composition adherend and the vulcanized rubber composition adherend each having a size of 150.times.150 mm. After the sheets were allowed to stand for 30 minutes, they were contacted with each other. The sheets were intimately pressed by having a handroller of 2 kg in weight pass over and return three times thereon. Thereafter the unvulcanized rubber composition adherend was vulcanized at 160.degree. C. for 30 minutes in pressurized air of 3 kgf/cm.sup.2.
In adhesion of an unvulcanized rubber composition adherend to a textile adherend, the adhesive composition was applied to the sheet of the unvulcanized rubber composition adherend. Immediately, the textile adherend having a size of 150.times.150 mm was placed thereon, pressed and vulcanized in the same manner as above. From the resulting sheet, a sample strip having 20.times.150 mm was made using a die cutter. The adhesive strength of the adhered product was measured by a 180.degree. peeling test at a peeling speed of 50 mm/min according to JIS K 6301. The results obtained are shown together in Table 4.
EXAMPLES 13-15 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 8-9A textile sample as shown in Table 5 was cut in a size of 150.times.150 mm. One of the adhesive compositions A, C and E of Table 1 was applied uniformly to the textile sample using a glass bar, and immediately thereafter, the textile sample was placed on another textile sample to which no adhesion composition had been applied. And the resulting assembly was cured under the conditions shown in Table 5. From the assembly a sample strip having a size of 20.times.150 mm was made using a die cutter.
The adhesive strength was measured by a 180.degree. peeling test at a peeling speed of 50 mm/min. The results obtained are shown together in Table 5.
EXAMPLES 16-21 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 10-13The compositions of adhesives used in the Examples and the Comparative Examples are shown in Table 6.
To a maleic anhydride-containing ethylene/propylene or ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated diene copolymer rubber reacted with a dialkylamine was optionally added an additive with a roll and then the required amount of an organic solvent as shown in Table 6 was added to attain the solids concentration as shown in Table 6. The resulting mixture was heated at 50.degree. C. for 8 hours to form a solution. The solutions obtained are hereinafter referred to as adhesive compositions F-H.
Adhesive composition E for comparison was obtained by dissolving an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber in toluene in the same manner as above.
The compositions of rubber adherends are shown in Table 2. Compounding agents A were mixed in a BR-type Banbury mixer, and thereto were added compounding agents B using a 8-in roll. The obtained unvulcanized rubber composition was subjected to press vulcanization under the vulcanizing conditions shown in Table 2 to obtain a vulcanized sheet having a size of 150 mm.times.150 mm.times.2 mm. From the sheet, a sample strip having a size of 20 mm.times.150 mm was made using a die cutter.
As a textile adherend, a sample strip having a size of 40 mm.times.200 mm was cut from a textile.
One of the adhesive compositions E-H shown in Table 6 was coated uniformly on the sample strip of vulcanized rubber adherend using a glass bar. In adhesion of two vulcanized rubbers to each other, two sample strips were coated with an adhesive composition and, 30 minutes thereafter, the coated surfaces of the two sample strips were placed one on the other.
In adhesion of a vulcanized rubber adherend to a textile adherend, two sample strips were coated with an adhesive composition, and immediately thereafter, the coated surfaces were placed one on the other.
And then, every contacted sample strips were intimately pressed by having a handroller of 2 kg in weight pass over and return three times thereon and the strips were then cured under the conditions shown in Table 7.
In adhesion of a vulcanized rubber adherend to a textile adherend, after curing, the excess portion of the textile adherend was trimmed with scissors to leave it the same size as that of the sample strip of the vulcanized rubber adherend.
The adhesive strength of the adhered product was measured by a 180.degree. peeling test at a peeling speed of 50 mm/min according to JIS K 6301.
The results obtained are shown together in Table 7.
EXAMPLES 22-25 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 14-16Sheets of 2 mm in thickness were made using a 8-in roll from the unvulcanized EPDM compositions A and B shown in Table 2. These sheets were cut in a size of 150.times.150 mm.
In adhesion of an unvulcanized rubber composition adherend to a vulcanized rubber composition adherend, the adhesive composition of Table 6 was applied using a glass bar at a surface of each sheet of the unvulcanized rubber composition adherend and the vulcanized rubber composition adherend each having a size of 150.times.150 mm. After the sheets were allowed to stand for 30 minutes, they were contacted with each other. The sheets were intimately pressed by having a handroller of 2 kg in weight pass over and return three times thereon. Thereafter the unvulcanized rubber composition adherend was vulcanized at 160.degree. C. for 30 minutes in pressurized air of 3 kgf/cm.sup.2.
In adhesion of an unvulcanized rubber composition adherend to a textile adherend, the adhesive composition was applied to the sheet of the unvulcanized rubber composition adherend. Immediately, the textile adherend having a size of 150.times.150 mm was placed thereon, pressed and vulcanized in the same manner as above. From the resulting sheet, a sample strip having 20.times.150 mm was made using a die cutter. The adhesive strength of the adhered product was measured by a 180.degree. peeling test at a peeling speed of 50 mm/min according to JIS K 6301. The results obtained are shown together in Table 8.
EXAMPLES 26-28 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 17-18A textile sample as shown in Table 9 was cut in a size of 150.times.150 mm. One of the adhesive compositions A, C and E of Table 1 was applied uniformly to the textile sample using a glass bar, and immediately thereafter, the textile sample was placed on another textile sample to which no adhesion composition had been applied. And the resulting assembly was cured under the conditions shown in Table 9. From the assembly a sample strip having a size of 20.times.150 mm was made using a die cutter.
The adhesive strength was measured by a 180.degree. peeling test at a peeling speed of 50 mm/min. The results obtained are shown together in Table 9.
EXAMPLES 29-32An experiment was carried out to investigate the storage stability of an adhesive composition before and after the reaction with a dialkylamine. The compositions of the adhesive compositions used and the results obtained are shown in Table 10.
200 g of an adhesive composition was charged into a 500-ml Erlenmeyer flask with a ground stopper and allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 days. The storage stability was estimated based on whether or not precipitates and turbidity were caused and on the change of a solution viscosity as measured at 25.degree. C.
It is clarified that the modified copolymer rubber containing an acid anhydride reacted with a dialkylamine has high adhesion strength and improved storage stability.
EXAMPLES 33-40 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 19The compositions of the modified copolymer rubber-containing compositions used are shown in Table 11.
An additive was optionally added to a maleic anhydride-containing modified copolymer rubber, and then a required amount of an organic solvent was added thereto so as to attain the solids concentration shown in Table 11. The resulting mixture was heated at 50.degree. C. for 8 hours to form a solution, to obtain adhesive composition K, M or N. Also, adhesive composition L was obtained by allowing the maleic anhydride-containing modified copolymer rubber containing the additive to stand at a temperature of 60.degree. C. and at a humidity of 80% for 1 hour in a thermo-hygrostat and then dissolving the modified copolymer rubber in the organic solvent under the above conditions.
Adhesive composition O for comparison was prepared by dissolving an .alpha.-olefin copolymer in toluene under the above conditions.
The compositions of rubber adherends used are shown in Table 2. Compounding agents A as shown in Table 2 were mixed in a BR-type Banbury mixer, and thereto, compounding agents B as shown in Table 2 were added to the resulting mixture using a 8-in roll. The obtained unvulcanized rubber composition was subjected to press vulcanization under the vulcanizing conditions shown in Table 2 to obtain a vulcanized sheet having a size of 150 mm.times.150 mm.times.2 mm. From the sheet, a sample strip having a size of 20 mm.times.150 mm was made using a die cutter.
As a textile adherend, a sample strip having a size of 40.times.200 mm was cut from a textile.
In accordance with one of the compositions of the adhesive compositions shown in Table 12, a diamine compound which is the polyamine compound was added to one of the adhesive compositions of Table 11, and the resulting mixture was stirred to obtain a uniform mixture. The mixture was coated uniformly on the above sample strip of a vulcanized rubber adherend using a glass bar. In adhesion of two vulcanized rubber adherends to each other, two sample strips were coated with an adhesive composition and allowed to stand for 30 minutes, after which the coated surfaces of the sample strips were placed one on the other.
In adhesion of a vulcanized rubber adherend to a textile adherend, the adhesive composition was applied to the sheet of the vulcanized rubber composition sample strip. Immediately, the textile sample strip having a size of 150.times.150 mm was placed thereon. The contacted sample strips were intimately pressed by having a handroller of 2 kg in weight pass over and return three times thereon and the strips were then cured under the conditions shown in Table 12.
In adhesion of a vulcanized rubber adherend to a textile adherend, after curing, the excess portion of the textile adherend was trimmed with scissors to leave it the same size as that of the sample strip of the vulcanized rubber adherend.
The adhesive strength of the adhered product was measured by a 180.degree. peeling test at a peeling speed of 50 mm/min according to JIS K 6301.
The results obtained are shown together in Table 12.
EXAMPLES 41-44Sheets of 2 mm in thickness were made using a 8-in roll from the unvulcanized EPDM compositions A and B shown in Table 2. These sheets were cut in a size of 150.times.150 mm.
In adhesion of an unvulcanized rubber composition adherend to a vulcanized rubber composition adherend, the adhesive composition of Table 13 was applied using a glass bar at a surface of each sheet of the unvulcanized rubber composition adherend and the vulcanized rubber composition adherend each having a size of 150.times.150 mm. After the sheets were allowed to stand for 30 minutes, they were contacted with each other. The sheets were intimately pressed by having a handroller of 2 kg in weight pass over and return three times thereon. Thereafter the unvulcanized rubber composition adherend was vulcanized at 160.degree. C. for 30 minutes in pressurized air of 3 kgf/cm.sup.2.
In adhesion of an unvulcanized rubber composition adherend to a textile adherend, the adhesive composition was applied to the sheet of the unvulcanized rubber composition adherend. Immediately, the textile adherend having a size of 150.times.150 mm was placed thereon, pressed and vulcanized in the same manner as above.
From the resulting sheet, a sample strip having 20.times.150 mm was made using a die cutter. The adhesive strength was measured by a 180.degree. peeling test at a peeling speed of 50 mm/min according to JIS K 6301. The results obtained are shown together in Table 13.
EXAMPLES 45-48 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 20A textile was cut in a size of 150.times.150 mm. The textile was coated uniformly with the final adhesive composition of Table 14 with a glass bar, and immediately thereafter placed on a textile having a size of 150.times.150 mm which had not been coated with the adhesive composition. The resulting assembly was cured under the conditions shown in Table 14. A sample strip having a size of 20.times.150 mm was made therefrom with a die cutter. The adhesive strength was measured by a 180.degree. peeling test at a peeling speed of 50 mm/min. The results obtained are shown in Table 14.
It is clarified by these examples that the adding of a polyamine compound increases the adhesion strength.
TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
The modified copolymer rubber
Acid anhydride and/or
Amount of
dicarboxylic acid and
Non-conjugated
Additive and
Solids
Adhesive
Intrinsic
propylene
the amount thereof
diene and amount Organic
concentration
composition
viscosity*.sup.1
(% by weight)
(% by weight)
iodine number
(phr) solvent
(% by
__________________________________________________________________________
weight)
A 1.4 22 Maleic anhydride
None None Toluene
13
1.3
B 1.4 22 Maleic anhydride
None FEF black 20
Toluene
10
1.0
C 1.1 40 Maleic anhydride
None None Toluene
11
4.7
D 1.6 27 Maleic anhydride
Ethylideneorbornene
None Xylene
8
0.9
Maleic acid 5
0.3
E 1.4 22 None None None Toluene
13
__________________________________________________________________________
Note: *.sup.1 The intrinsic viscosity was measured at 30.degree. C. in
toluene.
TABLE 2
__________________________________________________________________________
Compounding EPDM composition
EPDM composition
IIR composition
agents A (phr) B (phr) (phr)
__________________________________________________________________________
EPDM I*.sup.1
100 -- --
EPDM II*.sup.2
-- 100 --
IIR*.sup.3 -- -- 100
FEF black 150 120 90
Nipsil VN3*.sup.4
-- 30 --
Paraffin-type process oil
100 100 30
zinc oxide 5 5 5
Stearic acid
1 1 1
diethylene glycol
-- 1 --
B
ZnBDC*.sup.5
2 2 --
TMTD*.sup.6 0.5 0.5 1.5
DPTT*.sup.7 0.5 0.5 --
MBT*.sup.8 1 1 1
Sulfur 1.5 1.5 1.3
Vulcanization
170.degree. C. .times. 10 min
170.degree. C. .times. 10 min
160.degree. C. .times. 10 min
conditions
__________________________________________________________________________
Note:
*.sup.1 EPDM I: ethylene/propylene/ethylidenenorbornene terpolymer
[ethylene/propylene ratio: 70/30; the ethylidenenorbornene content: 5% by
weight; Mooney viscosity (ML.sub.1+4 121.degree. C.):
*.sup.2 EPDM II: ethylene/propylene/ethylidenenorbornene
[ethylene/propylene ratio: 64/45; the ethylidenenorbornene content: 10% b
weight; Mooney viscosity (ML.sub.1+4 100.degree. C.):
*.sup.3 IIR: isobutylene/isoprene rubber [unsaturation degree: 1.5%;
Mooney viscosity (ML.sub.1+4 127.degree. C.):
*.sup.4 Hydrous silica made by Nippon Silica.
*.sup.5 Zinc din-butyldithiocarbamate
*.sup.6 Tetramethylthiuram disulfide
*.sup.7 Dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide
*.sup.8 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
TABLE 3
__________________________________________________________________________
Adhesive
Adhesive strength
composition
Adherends Curing conditions
(kgf/20 mm)
__________________________________________________________________________
Example
1 A Vulcanized EPDM composition
Allowed to stand at
4.2
A-vulcanized EPDM
room temperature for 6
composition A days
2 B Vulcanized EPDM composition
Heated at 80.degree. C. for
4.8
A-vulcanized EPDM
min and thereafter
composition A allowed to stand at
room temperature for 6 days
3 C Vulcanized EPDM composition
Heated at 80.degree. C. for
5.2
B-vulcanized EPDM
min and thereafter
composition B allowed to stand at
room temperature for 6 days
4 D Vulcanized EPDM composition
Allowed to stand at
3.5
B-vulcanized EPDM
room temperature for
composition B 6 days
5 A Vulcanized EPDM composition
Heated at 120.degree. C. for
1.8
B-nylon plain cloth
min and thereafter
of 100 denier allowed to stand at
room temperature for
6 days
6 A Vulcanized EPDM composition
Heated at 120.degree. C. for
1.9
B-polyester plain
min and thereafter
cloth of 200 denier
allowed to stand at
room temperature for
6 days
7 A Vulcanized IIR composition
Allowed to stand at
2.7
C-vulcanized IIR
room temperature
composition C for 6 days
Comparative
Example
1 E Vulcanized EPDM composition
Heated at 80.degree. C. for
0.9
B-vulcanized EPDM
min and thereafter
composition B allowed to stand at
room temperature for
6 days
2 E Vulcanized EPDM composition
Heated at 120.degree. C. for
0.5
B-nylon plain min and thereafter
cloth of 100 denier
allowed to stand at
room temperature for
6 days
3 Slock *1
Vulcanized EPDM composition
Heated at 80.degree. C. for
1.2
8501 B-vulcanized EPDM
min and thereafter
composition B allowed to stand at
room temperature for
6 days
4 Slock *1
Vulcanized EPDM composition
Heated at 120.degree. C. for
0.4
8501 B-polyester plain
40 min and thereafter
cloth of 200 denier
allowed to stand at
room temperature
for 6 days
__________________________________________________________________________
Note: *1 A CRtype adhesive made by Sakai Chemical CO., LTD. for vulcanize
EPDM compositions.
TABLE 4
__________________________________________________________________________
Adhesive Adhesive strength
composition
Adherends (kgf/20 mm)
__________________________________________________________________________
Example
8 A Unvulcanized EPDM composition A-
5.5
vulcanized EPDM composition A
9 B Unvulcanized EPDM composition B-
6.0
vulcanized EPDM composition B
10 D Unvulcanized EPDM composition B-
5.7
vulcanized EPDM composition B
11 A Unvulcanized EPDM composition A-
3.5
nylon plain cloth of 100 denier
12 A Unvulcanized EPDM composition A-
3.2
polyester plain cloth of 200 denier
Comparative
Example
5 E Unvulcanized EPDM composition A-
1.5
vulcanized EPDM composition
6 E Unvulcanized EPDM composition A-
0.9
nylon plain cloth of 100 denier
7 Slock 8501
Unvulcanized EPDM composition A-
0.5
polyester plain cloth of 200 denier
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3
__________________________________________________________________________
Adhesive
Adhesive strength
composition
Adherends Curing conditions
(kgf/20 mm)
__________________________________________________________________________
Example
13 A Nylon plain cloth of 100
Heated at 150.degree. C. for
2.1
denier-nylon plain cloth
min and thereafter
of 100 denier allowed to stand at
room temperature for
6 days
14 C Polyester plain cloth of
Heated at 120.degree. C. for
1.6
200 denier-polyester
40 min and thereafter
plain cloth of 200
allowed to stand at
denier room temperature for
6 days
15 A Nylon plain cloth of
Heated at 150.degree. C. for
1.2
100 denier-polyester
40 min and thereafter
plain cloth of 200
allowed to stand at
denier room temperature for
6 days
Comparative
Example
8 E Nylon plain cloth of
Heated at 150.degree. C. for
0.4
100 denier-nylon plain
40 min and thereafter
cloth of 100 denier
allowed to stand at
room temperature for
6 days
9 Slock 8501
Nylon plain cloth of
Heated at 150.degree. C. for
0.5
100 denier-nylon plain
40 min and thereafter
cloth of 100 denier
allowed to stand at
room temperature for
6 days
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 6
__________________________________________________________________________
Type of
The modified copolymer rubber dialkylamine
Amount of
Non- Type of acid
and the amount Solids
Adhesive propylene
conjugated
anhydride and the
thereof (mole
Additive concentration
composi-
Intrinsic
(% by diene and
amount thereof
per mole of
and amount
Organic
(% by
tion viscosity*.sup.1
weight)
iodine number
(% by weight)
acid anhydride)
(phr) solvent
weight)
__________________________________________________________________________
F 1.4 22 None Maleic anhydride
Diethylamine
None Toluene
12
1.5 0.85
G 1.8 27 Ethylidenenor-
Maleic anhydride
Dibutylamine
FEF black
Xylene 10
bornene 5
1.0 1.1 20
H 1.0 45 None Maleic anhydride
Dibutylamine
None Hexane 9
4.2 1.0
E 1.4 22 None None None None Toluene
13
__________________________________________________________________________
*.sup.1 The intrinsic viscosity was measured at 80.degree. C. in toluene.
TABLE 7
__________________________________________________________________________
Adhesive
Adhesive strength
composition
Adherends Curing conditions
(kgf/20 mm)
__________________________________________________________________________
Example
16 F Vulcanized EPDM composition A-
Allowed to stand at
5.3
vulcanized EPDM composition A
room temperature
for 7 days
17 G Vulcanized EPDM composition A-
Heated at 80.degree. C.
5.7
vulcanized EPDM composition A
for 40 min and
thereafter allowed
to stand at room
temperature for 7 days
18 H Vulcanized EPDM composition B-
Heated at 80.degree. C.
4.8
vulcanized EPDM composition B
for 40 min and
thereafter allowed
to stand at room
temperature for 7 days
19 H Vulcanized EPDM composition B-
Heated at 120.degree. C.
2.1
nylon plain cloth
for 40 min and
of 100 denier thereafter allowed
to stand at room
temperature for 7 days
20 H Vulcanized EPDM composition B-
Heated at 120.degree. C.
2.4
polyester plain cloth
for 40 min and
of 200 denier thereafter allowed
to stand at room
temperature for 7 days
21 F Vulcanized IIR composition C-
Allowed to stand at
2.9
vulcanized IIR room temperature
composition C for 7 days
Comparative
Example
10 E Vulcanized EPDM composition B-
Heated at 80.degree. C.
1.1
vulcanized EPDM composition B
for 40 min and
thereafter allowed
to stand at room
temperature for 7 days
11 E Vulcanized EPDM composition B-
Heated at 120.degree. C.
0.6
nylon plain cloth
for 40 min and
of 100 denier thereafter allowed
to stand at room
temperature for 7 days
12 Slock Vulcanized EPDM composition B-
Heated at 80.degree. C.
1.8
8501 vulcanized EPDM composition B
for 40 min and
thereafter allowed
to stand at room
temperature for 7 days
13 Slock Vulcanized EPDM composition B-
Heated at 120.degree. C.
0.4
8501 polyester plain cloth
for 40 min and
of 200 denier thereafter allowed
to stand at room
temperature for 7 days
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 8
______________________________________
Adhesive
Adhesive strength
composition
Adherends (kgf/20 mm)
______________________________________
Example
22 F Unvulcanized EPDM
6.1
composition A-
vulcanized EPDM
composition A
23 G Unvulcanized EPDM
5.9
composition B-
vulcanized EPDM
composition B
24 F Unvulcanized EPDM
3.8
composition A-
nylon plain cloth
of 100 denier
25 F Unvulcanized EPDM
3.0
composition A-
polyester plain cloth
of 200 denier
Comparative
Example
14 E Unvulcanized EPDM
1.8
composition A-
vulcanized EPDM
composition A
15 E Unvulcanized EPDM
0.8
composition A-
nylon plain cloth
of 100 denier
16 Slock Unvulcanized EPDM
0.5
8501 composition A-
polyester plain cloth
of 200 denier
______________________________________
TABLE 9
__________________________________________________________________________
Adhesive
Adhesive strength
composition
Adherends Curing conditions
(kgf/20 mm)
__________________________________________________________________________
Example
26 A Nylon plain cloth of 100
Heated at 150.degree. C. for
1.7
denier - nylon plain cloth
40 min and thereafter
of 100 denier allowed to stand at
room temperature for
7 days
27 C Polyester plain cloth of
Heated at 120.degree. C. for
2.8
200 denier - polyester
40 min and thereafter
plain cloth of 200
allowed to stand at
denier room temperature for
7 days
28 A Nylon plain cloth of 100
Heated at 150.degree. C. for
1.6
denier - polyester plain
40 min and thereafter
cloth of 200 denier
allowed to stand at
room temperature for
7 days
Comparative
Example
17 E Nylon plain cloth of 100
Heated at 150.degree. C. for
0.3
denier - nylon plain cloth
40 min and thereafter
of 100 denier allowed to stand at
room temperature for
7 days
18 Slock Nylon plain cloth of 100
Heated at 150.degree. C. for
0.5
8501 denier - nylon plain cloth
40 min and thereafter
of 100 denier allowed to stand at
room temperature for
7 days
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 10
__________________________________________________________________________
Type of
The modified copolymer rubber
dialkylamine Solids
Ad- Intrin-
Amount of
Non-conjugated
Acid anhydride
and the amount
concen-
State after 30 days
Ex-
hesive
sic propylene
diene and
and the thereof (mole
tration
Change
Ratio of
am-
compo-
vis-
(% by iodine amount thereof
per mole of
Organic
(% by
of solution
ple
sition
cosity
weight)
number (% by weight)
acid anhydride)
solvent
weight)
appearance
viscosity
__________________________________________________________________________
*1
29 F 1.4 22 None Maleic Diethylamine
Toluene
12 No 1.1
anhydride 1.5
0.85
30 H 1.0 45 None Maleic Dibutylamine
Hexane
9 No 1.1
anhydride 4.2
1.0
31 I 1.4 22 None Maleic None Toluene
12 Precipitates
5.5
anhydride 1.5 Turbidity
32 J 1.0 45 None Maleic None Hexane
9 Precipitates
8.7
anhydride 4.2 Turbidity
__________________________________________________________________________
*1 [Solution viscosity at 25.degree. C. of an adhesive composition after
being allowed to stand for 30 days]/[Initial solution viscosity at
25.degree. C. of an adhesive composition]-
TABLE 11
__________________________________________________________________________
The modified copolymer rubber
Acid Amount of
Non- anhydride and/or
Amount
of diethyl-
Amount of
conjugated
dicarboxylic
of amine (mole
Additive Solids
Adhesive
Intrinsic
propylene
diene acid and the
styrene
per mole
and concentration
composi-
viscosity*.sup.1
(% by and its amount thereof
(% by
of acid
amount
Organic
(% by
tion (100 ml/g)
weight)
iodine number
(% by weight)
weight)
anhydride)
(phr)
solvent
weight)
__________________________________________________________________________
K 1.4 22 None Maleic anhydride
None None None Toluene
10
1.3
L 1.5 25 Ethylidene-
Maleic anhydride
None None FEF Xylene
9
norbornene
1.0 black
Iodine Number
Maleic acid 20
5 0.3
M 1.6 27 None Maleic anhydride
3.6 None None Toluene
9.5
4.7
N 1.2 22 None Maleic anhydride
None 1.0 None Toluene
11
1.6
O 1.4 22 None None None None None Toluene
10
__________________________________________________________________________
Note: *1 The intrinsic viscosity was measured at 80.degree. C. in toluene
TABLE 12
__________________________________________________________________________
Final adhesive composition
Diamine compound and
the amount thereof Adhesive
Adhesive
(mole per mole of the total amount of
Curing strength
composition
acid anhydride and dicarboxylic acid)
Adherends conditions (kgf/20
__________________________________________________________________________
mm)
Example
33 K Hexamethylenediamine
Vulcanized EPDM
Allowed to 5.3
0.5 composition A-
stand at
vulcanized EPDM
room temperature
composition A
for 7 days
34 L Hexamethylenediamine
Vulcanized EPDM
Heated at 80.degree. C. for 40
min 6.1
carbamate 1 composition B-
and thereafter allowed to stand
vulcanized EPDM
at room temperature for 7 days
composition B
35 M Hexamethylenediamine
Vulcanized EPDM
Allowed to stand
4.6
carbamate 0.3 compositon B-
room temperature
vulcanized EPDM
for 7 days
composition B
36 N Hexamethylenediamine
Vulcanized IIR
Heated at 80.degree. C. for 40
min 4.1
carbamate 0.5 composition-
and thereafter allowed to stand
vulcanized IIR
at room temperature for 7 days
composition
37 M Hexamethylenediamine
Vulcanized EPDM
Heated at 150.degree. C. for 40
min 2.3
carbamate 0.5 composition B-
and thereafter allowed to stand
nylon plain cloth
at room temperature for 7 days
of 100 denier
38 M Hexamethylenediamine
Vulcanized EPDM
Heated at 150.degree. C. for 40
min 3.0
0.5 composition B-
and thereafter allowed to stand
polyester plain cloth
at room temperature for 7 days
of 200 denier
39 K None Vulcanized EPDM
Allowed to stand at
4.4m
composition A-
temperature for 7 days
vulcanized EPDM
composition A
40 M None Vulcanized EPDM
Heated at 150.degree. C. for 40
min 2.0
composition B-
and thereafter allowed to stand
nylon plain cloth
at room temperature for 7 days
of 100 denier
Comparative
Example
19 O Hexamethylenediamine
Vulcanized EPDM
Allowed to stand at
1.1m
carbamate 0.5 composition A-
temperature for 7 days
vulcanized EPDM
composition A
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 13
__________________________________________________________________________
Final adhesive composition
Diamine compound and Adhesive
Adhesive
the amount thereof strength
Example
composition
(mole per mole of acid anhydride)
Adherends (kgf/20
__________________________________________________________________________
mm)
41 K Hexamethylenediamine
Unvulcanized EPDM composition
7.5
0.5 Unvulcanized EPDM composition A
42 N Hexamethylenediamine
Unvulcanized EPDM composition
6.8
carbamate 0.5 Unvulcanized EPDM composition B
43 N Hexamethylenediamine
Unvulcanized EPDM composition
4.2
carbamate 0.5 polyester plain cloth of 200 denier
44 K None Unvulcanized EPDM composition
5.3
Unvulcanized EPDM composition
__________________________________________________________________________
A
TABLE 14
__________________________________________________________________________
Final adhesive composition
Diamine compound
and the amount thereof Adhesive
Adhesive
(mole per mole of the total amount of
Curing strength
composition
acid anhydride and dicarboxylic acid)
Adherends conditions (kgf/20
__________________________________________________________________________
mm)
Example
45 K Hexamethylenediamine
Nylon plain cloth of
Heated at 120.degree. C. for 40
min 1.7
carbamate 0.5 100 denier - nylon
and thereafter allowed to stand
plain cloth of
at room temperature for
100 denier
7 days
46 N Hexamethylenediamine
Nylon plain cloth of
Heated at 120.degree. C. for 40
min 1.9
carbamate 0.5 100 denier - nylon
and thereafter allowed to stand
plain cloth of
at room temperature for
100 denier
7 days
47 N Hexamethylenediamine
Polyester plain cloth
Heated at 150.degree. C. for 40
min 2.5
1 of 200 denier-
and thereafter allowed to stand
polyester plain cloth
at room temperature for
of 200 denier
7 days
48 K None Nylon plain cloth of
Heated at 120.degree. C. for 40
min 1.3
100 denier-
and thereafter allowed to stand
nylon plain cloth
at room temperature for
of 100 denier
7 days
Comparative
Example
20 O Hexamethylenediamine
Nylon plain cloth of
Heated at 120.degree. C. for 40
min 0.5
carbamate 0.5 100 denier-
and thereafter allowed to stand
nylon plain cloth
at room temperature for
of 100 denier
7 days
__________________________________________________________________________
Claims
1. A method of adhering an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber or an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin-diene terpolymer rubber to one member selected form the group consisting of an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber, and ethylene/.alpha.-olefin/diene terpolymer rubber, nylon fibers, polyester fibers, nylon plain cloth and polyester plan cloth,
- which method comprises using, as an adhesive, a composition comprising a modified, ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymer rubber or a modified, ethylene/.alpha.-olefin/non-conjugated diene copolymer rubber, either rubber containing 0.1-10% by weight of an olefinically unsaturated acid anhydride and 0.81-1 moles of a dialkylamine per mole of the acid anhydride, and an organic solvent wherein said dialkylamine is selected from the group consisting of diethylamine and dibutylamine.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the.alpha.-olefin has 3-10 carbon atoms.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the.alpha.-olefin is propylene.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the non-conjugated diene is selected from the group consisting of dicyclopentadiene, ethylidenenorbornene and 1,4-hexadiene.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the olefinically unsaturated acid anhydride is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride and nadic anhydride.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein the olefinically unsaturated acid anhydride is maleic anhydride.
7. A method according to claim 4, wherein the dialkylamine is diethylamine.
8. A method according to claim 4, wherein the dialkylamine is dibutylamine.
9. A method according to claim 4, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, pentane, benzene, ethylbenzene, ethyltoluene, cumene, diethylbenzene, chloroform and tetrachloromethane.
10. A method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the non-conjugated diene is ethylidenenorbornene.
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the olefinically unsaturated acid anhydride is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride and nadic anhydride.
12. A method according to claim 10, wherein the olefinically unsaturated acid anhydride is maleic anhydride.
13. A method according to claim 10, wherein the dialkylamine is dibutylamine.
14. A method according to claim 10, wherein the dialkylamine is diethylamine.
15. A method according to claim 10, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, pentane, benzene, ethylbenzene, ethyltoluene, cumene, diethylbenzene, chloroform and tetrachloromethane.
16. A method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the olefinically unsaturated acid anhydride is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride and nadic anhydride.
17. A method according to claim 16, wherein the dialkylamine is diethylamine.
18. A method according to claim 16, wherein the dialkylamine is dibutylamine.
19. A method according to claim 16, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, pentane, benzene, ethylbenzene, ethyltoluene, cumene, diethylbenzene, chloroform and tetrachloromethane.
20. A method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the olefinically unsaturated acid anhydride is maleic anhydride.
21. A method according to claim 20, wherein the dialkylamine is dibutylamine.
22. A method according to claim 20, wherein the dialkylamine is diethylamine.
23. A method according to claim 20, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, pentane, benzene, ethylbenzene, ethyltoluene, cumene, diethylbenzene, chloroform and tetrachloromethane.
24. A method according to any one of claim 1, 2 and 3, wherein the dialkylamine is dibutylamine.
25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, pentane, benzene, ethylbenzene, ethyltoluene, cumene, diethylbenzene, chloroform and tetrachloromethane.
26. A method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, pentane, benzene, ethylbenzene, ethyltoluene, cumene, diethylbenzene, chloroform and tetrachloromethane.
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- Translation of Japan 62-112614 (May 1987), of record.
Type: Grant
Filed: Apr 17, 1992
Date of Patent: Aug 31, 1993
Assignee: Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited (Osaka)
Inventors: Yoshio Tanimoto (Sakura), Nobuyuki Yoshida (Ichihara), Mitsuji Tsuji (Ichihara), Eiichi Usuda (Ichihara), Kouji Satou (Chiba)
Primary Examiner: Vasu S. Jagannathan
Law Firm: Stevens, Davis, Miller & Mosher
Application Number: 7/870,120
International Classification: C09J15104; C09J 1506; C08L 5104; C08L 5106;
