Abstract: A mobile electronic apparatus in which biometrics information, free from being stolen or faked by a unauthorized person, is used for user verification, virtually perfectly protecting an authorized user's personal data stored in a storing section of the apparatus. A verifying section compares a user's biometrics feature information with the authorized user's reference biometrics feature information to discriminate whether the fingerprint feature information for verification matches the reference fingerprint feature information. If it matches, a display control section reads out the personal data stored in the storing section and controls a display section to display the read-out personal data.

Abstract: A device for improving the security of a “hands-free” access system for a motor vehicle, the system comprising an identification device installed on the vehicle and able to control the locking the opening leaves of the vehicle, and at least one identifier intended to be worn or carried by a user and capable of setting up a remote exchange of data with the identification device so as to control the locking means, when the identification device has authenticated the identifier, the identification means being intended, after a locking command, to send an interrogation signal into the cabin of the vehicle and receive in response a “present” signal from each identifier still present in the cabin, wherein, when a “present” signal is received by the identification device, the identification device sends into the cabin an inhibit signal which is received and stored in memory by each identifier present in the cabin.

Abstract: A security system for a motor vehicle opening leaf is provided. The security system includes a lock for maintaining an opening leaf in a closed position, a handle for operating the lock having a pivotal mobile member for grasping and a fixed support, and an interrogation device. The interrogation device triggers interrogation for authorization to permit movement of the bodywork panel between the closed position and an open position. The interrogation device includes an antenna and first and second switches built into the handle for activating an unlocking interrogation (Id) and a locking interrogation (Iv) by movement of the pivotal mobile member of the handle relative to the fixed support without requiring other mechanical actuation.

Abstract: An access system (2) including an electronic key (4) provided with a transmitter (6) and including a secured location provided with a receiver (10), the transmitter (6) and the receiver (10) being designed to communicate with one another to exchange authentication data. The transmitter (6) transmits a signal; the receiver (10) converts the transmitted signal into spectral data; and, in response to transmission of the authentication data, the access system (2) grants access to the secured location, provided the spectral data matches the spectral signature of transmitter (6).

Abstract: A technique is used for providing additional information about a broadcast presentation that allows a user interested in the additional information to acquire it easily, using a selective call device or a television remote control device to easily acquire an information address during the broadcast when a prompt is presented during the broadcast. An advertiser can send the additional information over a wide area radio selective call communication system or can post it at a universal resource locator of a computer network. The information address is used to acquire the additional information. The information address can be stored, selected and deleted in the selective call device or remote control device. The prompt can be disabled or enabled manually or based on location.

Abstract: Radio paging receiver comprising a central unit associated with a memory containing a tree-structured database comprising a plurality of menu pages and text pages, each menu page including at least an entry capable of being selected to display on the screen another menu page or a text page. Each entry of each menu page comprises a data field capable of being displayed and a call code corresponding to another menu page or text page. Moreover, the central unit is designed for updating the stored menu pages on the basis of radio messages comprising a menu page identification code and at least one entry designed to appear in the menu page presenting said identification code.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification system having a radio frequency transceiver for generating a continuous wave RF interrogation signal that impinges upon an RF identification tag. An oscillation circuit in the RF identification tag modulates the interrogation signal with a subcarrier of a predetermined frequency and modulates the frequency-modulated signal back to the transmitting interrogator. The interrogator recovers and analyzes the subcarrier signal and determines its frequency. The interrogator generates an output indicative of the frequency of the subcarrier frequency, thereby identifying the responding RFID tag as one of a “class” of RFID tags configured to respond with a subcarrier signal of a predetermined frequency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for activating a fire-alarm pull station. The pull stations includes a non-contact switch located within a housing, a movable actuation device linked to the non-contact switch wherein the device moves between an activation and non-activation position and an actuator protector linked to the non-contact switch to aid in preventing improper activation of the non-contact switch.

Abstract: A signaling cap device comprises an audible message reproducing unit, a switch, a power supply, and a former of an audible message number, whereas the audible message reproducing unit is operative upon removal of the cap to reproduce one of N audible messages recorded therein depending on the message number.

Abstract: A method and system for communicating information between subscribers over power transmission lines which normally convey electrical power to a plurality of diverse electrical sites for providing electrical power to electrical devices disposed at these diverse electrical sites. The subscribers on the communication network are located at these electrical sites. The electrical power conveyed over the power transmission lines is in the form of electromagnetic radiation which has an electrical field component and an associated magnetic field component. The information, such as telephonic voice communication or other data, is transmitted in the magnetic field component of the electromagnetic radiation carried over the power transmission line, such as by exciting the field with a MASER, in order to enable communication between the subscribers at the various electrical sites.

Abstract: The present invention is a monocular computer vision technique. The technique is used to aid road vehicle driving for safety. An camera (e.g., camera or TV camera or camcorder) is installed in a vehicle facing to the road in front of the vehicle to capture a sequence of road/scene images for analyzing the driving situation. The situation includes the distance to a front obstacle or vehicle, the speed of the vehicle, and the left/right location of the vehicle in a road lane.

Abstract: A school bus has a stop sign hinged on an electrical actuator assembly that is attached to the side of the bus. The actuator assembly includes an electric motor that pivots the hinged stop sign from a stored position adjacent the bus to an operative position extending outwardly of the bus in perpendicular fashion and back to the stored position and an electrical control unit that includes Hall effect sensors for controlling the electric motor. These and other components are protected in an outer sealed housing that has a removable cover to facilitate installation and repair. Installation and repair is further enhanced by a removable inner housing sub-assembly that carries the electric motor and the electric control unit and that provides additional protection for these two components. The school bus also has a crossing arm hinged on an identical electrical actuator assembly, that is attached to the front bumper of the bus near the passenger doors.

Abstract: An air pressure sensor fitting structure is provided for a vehicle wheel for fitting an air pressure sensor for detecting the air pressure of a tube of a vehicle wheel. The tube is provided with a pipe-shaped air valve and a tire covering the tube in the condition where the tube is fitted along a rim of a wheel. The air valve penetrates through the rim. A through-hole penetrating through a pipe of the air pressure valve is provided at a portion of the air pressure valve projecting from the rim. The air pressure sensor is fitted to the air pressure valve so as to cover the through-hole. The air pressure sensor can be fitted to a tubeless tire and a tubed tire while using the same structure.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the need to sustain brake lights illumination of a motor vehicle at substantially stationary state even after brake pedal is released in order to ensure traffic safety. This device employs a number of commonly available relays not only to sustain the power to the brake lights but also to monitor the state of the movement of the vehicle. The circuit is largely composed of three main sections: a power supply relay, a latching-unlatching relays and a sensor array. One common type of relays can be used to all three of these parts. Different from prior arts in this matter, no sensor on a power shaft is needed, although such device can be accommodated. Instead, simple tilting type mercury switches are used for sensing the acceleration of a vehicle. This device can be integrated with many other motion sensing devices. These sensor actions can also be blocked or supplemented by the engagement of the parking brake or the cruise control.

Abstract: An apparatus (10, 240, 300) includes a signpost (11, 241-256, 322, 612, 623, 626-628, 652, 661, 682, 686, 703) which transmits signpost signals (24) to a tag (12, 271-275, 301-316, 395-397, 616-618, 641-643, 653, 656-657, 662-664, 679, 708, 711), which in turn transmits beacon signals (72) to a reader (13, 261, 319, 521-530). One of the signpost and tag is mounted on an item to be tracked. A control system (14, 500) is responsive to the reader, and can cause the signpost to vary the signpost signal in a manner which varies at least one operational characteristic of the tag, such as a transmission rate, a transmission power, a tag identification code, a password, or an encryption code, or which shifts the tag between a normal operational mode and a low power operational mode in which its transmitter is disabled.

Abstract: A computer system equipped with a LAN signal processing part and a modem signal processing part comprises: a common connector to which an external LAN connector to be connected to the LAN signal processing part and an external modem connector to be connected to the modem signal processing part are selectively connected; a connector detector provided at the common connector for detecting which of the external LAN connector and the external modem connector is connected to the common connector; and a control part for controlling a predetermined signal to be transmitted to one of the LAN signal processing part and the modem signal processing part in correspondence to the external connector detected by the connector detector. With this configuration, the cost of production decreases, and space for an installation of hardware components is more plentiful.

Abstract: Apparatus is directed to a personal, portable alarm system that interfaces with an individual's portable radio and remote speaker/microphone to provide the individual with an audible indication that a radio signal has been received from a remote sensor that is indicative of an event being detected adjacent to the location of the remote sensor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and deterring underwater threats is provided that uses numerous anodes and sensors around a ship or other waterborne structure to monitor for intruders and issue electrical shocks to the intruders in increasing amounts to deter sabotage. The underwater detection and deterrent system would provide an alarm and the approximate location of the intruder when the electrical field changes in response to the intruder. The system is capable of providing a lethal electrical shock to the intruder if necessary.

Abstract: A portable device that helps a person control food consumption by slowing the eating process to a pace that provides time for the human brain to signal (through hormones such as Sulfated Cholecystokinin) a “sensation of fullness” before overeating or “binge eating” can occur, to normalize mealtime social behavior by encouraging relaxation and conversation when eating with others, and to control medical conditions including Bulimia and Anorexia. The apparatus includes red and green lights (22, 20), a circuit (46) that controls energization of the lights, and a pushbutton switch (42) that operates a portion of a circuit. When the push button (44) is depressed, the circuit energizes the red light (22) for a predetermined wait period such as 20 seconds (which can be varied), to indicate that the person should not eat. Then, the circuit energizes the green light (20), to indicate that the person can take one or two bites of food at his/her convenience.

Abstract: A device for use with an infant that provides audible or visual signals based on a sensed lack of motion from an infant to stimulate motion by the infant. The sounds or light generated by the device are designed to encourage movement in an infant that is not moving, in order to reinitiate spontaneous movement by the infant and to alert a caregiver as to lack of movement by the infant. The device can also be configured to provide different audible sounds for different movements that are sensed by the device. The motion is sensed by an accelerometer disposed within the device that is formed of a monolithic integrated circuit chip. The accelerometer is connected to a controller that analyzes the accelerometer output signals and controls the sound or lights of the device in response to the accelerometer signals.

Abstract: A system and methods of the present invention advantageously provide efficient mail processing and handling that, as compared to existing procedures, enhances detection within the mail being processed or handled of biological, germ, chemical, or other harmful agents. A system and methods provide additionally a higher level of quality and consistency for processing and handling mail so that concerns over contamination of postal workers and potential mail recipients are reduced. A system and methods further provide enhanced disabling of contaminated mail contents, mail, mail equipment, mail containers, and mail personnel due to exposure or contact with harmful agents associated with mail.

Abstract: A distance detecting device for detecting a distance from objects with the use of wave signals determined by the distance measuring device and reflected from the objects, the distance detecting device comprising transmitter/receiver means for transmitting and receiving of wave signals with at least a first and a second transmitting/receiving unit which are spatially spaced from one another, with the first unit performing at least one transmitting functions and a second unit performing at least one receiving function, the both units being formed so that the second unit can receive wave signals emitted by the first unit as response signals, and either the function unit or the second unit can receive the wave signals emitted by the first unit as reflection signals, an interference determining device for determining at least one characteristic parameter of the response signal received in the second unit and for determining an interference based on the determined characteristic parameter.

Abstract: A system that detects cellular telephone and other electronic use within an unauthorized locations. The location can be detected by GPS or triangulation, and once detected can automatically produce certain operations.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining the resonant frequency of a passive sensor, for example a saw device, includes a device (5, 7, 3) for transmitting signals of a plurality of frequencies to the passive sensor (2); a device (3, 7) for receiving signals from the passive sensor simultaneously with the transmitting of signals; a device (7) for comparing the received signals with the transmitted signals to identify a characteristic change in the relationship between the received signals and the transmitted signals which occurs when the sensor is being driven at its resonant frequency. As the frequency at which the passive sensor is driven passes through the resonant frequency of the sensor the phase and/or amplitude of the signal generated by the passive sensor will change. By identifying this change of phase and/or amplitude the point at which resonance occurs can be detected.

Abstract: A method for spacing control for a vehicle in which an intended vehicle spacing from a vehicle in front is determined as a function of at least the current vehicle speed by an arrangement for calculating the intended spacing. In order to increase the acceptability of the spacing control method by a vehicle driver, the control arrangement has a transfer function which is adaptable to an individual driving characteristic of the vehicle driver.

Abstract: An inter vehicle communication system wherein information transfer between vehicles is provided by data sources, data sensors, and vehicle sensors on each vehicle connected to a central processing unit on each vehicle. The central processing unit receives information from other vehicles via the data sensors and calculates information weights for that data. Information weights may be based upon temporal or spatial displacement, or other factors. The central processing unit then combines that weighted data with data provided by onboard vehicle sensors to determine vehicle and situational status. The central processing unit will then provide control information to the vehicle or vehicle operator. The central processing unit also creates messages for transfer to other vehicles via the data sources contained in the vehicle. Preferably, the data sources are provided by adapting vehicle headlights, taillights, or other existing lights sources for optical data transfer.

Abstract: A light control device and method are provided for receiving an audible signal from an audio speaker and outputting a light control signal, whereby the light control signal controls the illumination of a light source placed near the audio speaker.

Abstract: A communication system includes a vehicle (101) and an infrastructure (160). The vehicle contains vehicle system information (104) and user information (112). The infrastructure includes a processor (154) with an applications program (155). The application is arranged to remotely access (200, 300, 400 and 500) the vehicle system information in a secure manner. The application is also arranged to remotely access (600) the user information in a secure manner.

Abstract: An embedded digitization system which enables a military platform to receive, transmit and process a variety of types of information for a variety of purposes. The system includes a mission processing capability, a digital message communications capability, a time and position location and navigation capability, a weapons delivery system aim and shoot capability, a sensor input processing capability, a user interface capability, and an input/output processing capability. The system exchanges information through digital message communications with other systems in a theater of operation. Information exchanged and processed by the system includes command and control information, situational information, intelligence information, mission information and host platform information.

Abstract: A vehicle tracking unit may include a vehicle position determining device, a wireless communications device, and a controller cooperating with the wireless communications device and the vehicle position determining device for determining vehicle position information and for periodically sending vehicle position information to a monitoring station. Furthermore, the controller may vary a period between successive sendings of vehicle position information based upon a triggering event. By way of example, the triggering event may include a vehicle speed exceeding a threshold, a period change signal from the monitoring station, and/or the passing of time. Additionally, the controller may include a memory for storing the vehicle position information, and the triggering event may include the memory reaching a predetermined capacity.

Abstract: A vehicle tracking unit may include a vehicle position determining device, a wireless communications device, and a controller. The controller may cooperate with the vehicle position determining device and the wireless communications device to send vehicle position information to a monitoring station based upon receiving an activation signal via a communications network. Furthermore, the controller may selectively cause the vehicle tracking unit to be in a low power mode to conserve power. Also, the controller may cooperate with the wireless communications device to intermittently awaken the vehicle tracking unit from the low power mode to poll the communications network to thereby determine whether the activation signal has been directed to the vehicle tracking unit.

Abstract: A high performance rotary axis. An upper and lower unit are coupled together by a pair of bearings to permit relative rotation between the units. The bearings are biased relative to others along a link to reduce play between the bearings. A processor and sensor provide for detection of relative positions between the units. A floating stop may be provided to permit rotation about the axis in greater than 360°.

Abstract: A keyboard data input device includes a one-hand module having a finger section with groups of keys each of which fixedly assigned to a finger of the operator. The keyboard has a cover part which includes a palm rest section and grooves. A group of keys is sequentially arranged at the ground of said grooves to be reached by the outstretched or bent fingers when the operator's hand is in contact with the palm rest section. A thumb section located adjacent to the forefinger groove comprises a flat area which includes groups of command keys, and comprises further keys at an upright wall adjacent to the forefinger groove. The keyboard may be used for two-hand operation by providing two separate one-hand modules. The keyboard comprises a graphical multipurpose display visualize control information and characters typed in. The keyboard may further include a bar code scanner.

Abstract: Embodiments of a peripheral backlighting system for keyboards are shown and described, which include one or more light-emitting panels exterior to the keyswitches of the keyboard. The panels are preferably electroluminescent material and surround at least two sides, and preferably all sides, of the stem of a keyswitch or the space in which the stem slides up and down during use. Alternatively, the electroluminescent panel(s) may extend substantially continuously between and underneath a plurality of keyswitches. The panels extend closely adjacent to the stem or stem path, or under the keyswitch, to be as far under the key cap as possible without extending into the stem or cap of the keyswitch. The EL panels are preferably powered by the computer keyboard port, via voltage inverters. Preferably, the keyswitch is translucent or partially translucent, and the base plate over the EL panels, if any, is at least partially translucent or transparent.

Abstract: To enable Chinese characters to be inputted by means of pinyin symbols inputted with the use of nine numerical keys such as those used in a telephone set or a television remote controller. For inputting pinyin symbols, keys “2” to “9” on a keypad are utilized and a conversion key is allocated, so that pinyin symbol combinations inputted are converted into a Chinese character or word. Because of this, difficulty in learning is reduced and the number of keystrokes is also reduced.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a method in data transferring in a data transfer system comprising a transmitter and a receiver and a transfer channel connecting these. It is characterizing to the invention that all data intended to be transferred is arranged and stored in mutually identical arrays at the transmitting and receiving ends and that in the method data on the location of the data or the character to be transferred in the array is transferred preferably as a time data. There can be several arrays and they can be one- or multidimensional.

Abstract: A scrambler includes a linear shift register having logic suitable for generating a scrambling sequence according to a predetermined generator sequence, a plurality of logic gates that allow for parallel input to the shift register, and a multiplexer for switching inputs of the shift register. The multiplexer switches inputs so that the shift register can be loaded with a predetermined initial value, and shifted a single bit or shifted a predetermined number of bits though the generator sequence.

Abstract: An encoding device in a data transmission/reception system includes a first convolutional encoder that encodes an outer code, an interleaver that permutes input data, a second convolutional encoder that encodes an inner code, and a muti-level modulation mapping circuit that performs signal-point mapping based on eight-phase shift keying. When the encoding device uses the second convolutional encoder having two or more memories, the first convolutional encoder uses, as the outer code, a code with a minimum output distance greater than the maximum input distance at which the minimum-distance inner code is generated.

Abstract: A field contains a map, a number of E-VSB data segments, and a number of VSB data segments. The map indicates at least the number of E-VSB data segments in the field. The E-VSB data segments are located in the field such that the spacing between the E-VSB segments comprises only x and x+1, where x is dependent on the number of E-VSB data segments in the field as indicated by the map.

Abstract: A lossless data compression system comprising a dictionary (30) based on content addressable memory and a coder (40) having between them a critical path including a feedback loop forming a dictionary adaption path, in which a circuit (42) is connected in the feedback loop so that the dictionary can be updated using data from a previous comparison cycle at the same time as the coder codes a current comparison cycle. The circuit (42) has a current adaptation vector (58, 62, 66) and a next adaption vector (60, 64, 68); at each search step the current adaptation vector updates data in the dictionary and also rearranges the next adaptation vector. Compression speed is increased.

Abstract: An EBCOT codec (1) is provided which includes a bit modeling unit (11), arithmetic codec (12), input FIFO memory (13), output FIFO memory (14) and a controller (16). The input and output FIFO memories (13) and (14) have a function to control the bit length of to-be-stored data correspondingly to that of supplied data. For the coding, the input FIFO memory (13) is supplied with a wavelet transform coefficient of 16 bits, and for the decoding, it is supplied with a code data of 8 bits. For the coding, the output FIFO memory (14) outputs 8-bit code data, and for the decoding, it outputs wavelet transform coefficients of 16 bits. Thus, the circuit scale can be reduced and data transfer speed be improved.

Abstract: An input bit stream is encoded into a stream of output code words according to variable-length encoding rules using a variable constraint length. The output-code-word stream observes prescribed run length limiting rules RLL(d, k). Every m-bit piece of the input bit stream is encoded into an n-bit output code word by referring to predetermined M encoding tables following the variable-length encoding rules. CDS (code word digital sum) values are calculated which correspond to respective n-bit output code words. DSV (digital sum variation) control bits are generated in response to the calculated CDS values. The generated DSV control bits are periodically inserted into the input bit stream at intervals each corresponding to a prescribed number of successive bits. The input bit stream is subjected to variable-length encoding while DSV control is implemented in response to the inserted DSV control bits.

Abstract: A table-driven, integer-based method for approximating down sampling of wave data is disclosed. This method provides an efficient approximation of the desired down sampled wave data without a significant impact to overall system performance. Integer calculations are exploited by: (1) multiplying all values of ti by a large enough value to include all significant portions of the decimal value; (2) making all values of &Dgr;t integer values; and (3) using integer arithmetic for most calculations of &Dgr;t and ti. The following static integer tables assist in the final calculations: (1) T[ ], where each element contains the value of ti divided by &Dgr;t and multiplied by a large enough value, M, to place all significant decimal values to the left of the decimal; and (2) D[ ], where each element contains the number of samples of San to drop before arriving at a useable San and San+1 pair.

Abstract: A maximum length (M) of compressed codes desired to be decoded in a single lookup is determined. 2M rows are generated, with each row having a bit indicating whether a corresponding M-bit combination, when viewed from the first bit, contains a compression code and a source code corresponding to the compression code. A matching row corresponding to a value represented by M-bits of a source bit stream (“present portion”) is first determined, and the source code in the matching row is set as the decoded value if the matching row is indicated to contain a compression code. If the length (P) of the compression code corresponding to the decoded value is less than M, the last (M−P) bits of the present portion are used as a part of the next portion. Additional bits are used to generate the decoded value if the present portion does not contain the entire compression code.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing fast data recovery with adaptive pulse code modulation (ADPCM) coding wherein, an ADPCM encoder periodically records the compressional parameters in memory together with regular compressed codes, and an ADPCM decoder retrieves the previously saved compressional parameters when reading the regular data from memory. In case any error occurs in the data compression and decompression processes which would cause a data divergence in the output of the ADPCM decoder, the previously saved compressional parameters can be used to correct the output data, thus enabling fast data recovery in the data outputting process without affecting downstream data in the data stream.

Abstract: In a renormalization processing device of MQ-CODER, the value of an augend register A is calculated by a shift quantity calculating unit without performing loop processing, and the number of left shifts SHIFT_A of A up to the end of renormalization processing is calculated. The renormalization processing device judges whether byteout processing or bytein processing occurs or not, on the basis of the positive or negative sign of (SHIFT_A-CT) and the value of CT. When byteout/bytein processing occurs, the values of a code register C and a free byte counter CT that are immediately before the occurrence of processing are found. When byteout/bytein processing does not occur, the values of C and CT that are after the end of normalization processing are found. If the value of (SHIFT_A-CT) is a positive value after byteout/bytein processing, this value is substituted in SHIFT_A and renormalization processing is performed again.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for signal processing in a root-mean-square (RMS) meter. In representative embodiments, the root-mean-square (RMS) meter includes an RMS converter having a converter input and a converter output. The RMS converter converts a time varying signal applied to the converter input to a signal at the converter output. The value of the signal at the converter output is indicative of the RMS value of the applied signal. The signal at the converter output comprises a non-time varying component and a time varying component as determined by a time constant of the RMS converter. The RMS meter further includes an inverting amplifier having an inverter input and an inverter output. The converter output is connected to the inverter input. In addition, the RMS meter includes a switch having first, second, and central contacts. The converter output is connected to the first contact, and the inverter output is connected to the second contact.

Abstract: A Sigma-Delta modulator(10) comprises a signal put(34) coupled to a forward filter comprising a series connection of a plurality of N summing stages(28, 30, 32), where N is an integer of at least 2, alternating with a corresponding plurality of integrating stages(40, 42, 44) and an analogue to digital converter(ADC)(18) having an input coupled to an output of the Nth integrating stage(44) and an output. A feedback filter comprises a feedback coupling from the output of the ADC(18) to a digital to analogue converter(DAC)(26) which is coupled to an input of each of the summing stages by way of respective weights(46, 48, 50). Control means(66) including switching means (58, 64) are provided for changing the order of the modulator. To reduce the order and increase the bandwidth, the control means by-passes the first(40) of the integrating stages and uses the second(42) of the integrating stages as a first of the integrating stages and vice versa to increase the order and decrease the bandwidth.

Abstract: A system and method of creating a highly efficient digital amplifier which can take either analog or digital inputs, and produce a high power accurate representation of the input to drive speakers or other low impedance load is described. The system employs a transition detector and delay unit which allows the comparator of the signal modulator to ignore its inputs for a pre-determined number of subsequent clock cycles once an output transition has been detected. Through the use of faster clocks and variable clock cycle skips upon the comparator's output transition, finer resolution of the feedback's clock period for noise-shaping purposes is achieved. Finer resolution of the clock period allows the present invention to employ a more aggressive noise-shaping than previously possible.

Abstract: A computation circuit operates in the modulation domain to generate a signal having phase modulation proportional to the ratio of the dividend (numerator) signal to the divisor (denominator) signal. The phase modulated signal may be demodulated by a phase demodulator to produce a baseband quotient signal. The divisor signal maintains inverse proportional control of the modulation gain of the modulator by varying the carrier injection level, resulting in higher bandwidth and accuracy, and lower drift and offset compared to traditional analog computation techniques. The circuit may contain all linear components, even though the division function is a non-linear function. The circuit and method operate when the input signals are analog or both are in the modulation domain.