Abstract: An electronic device is provided such as a programmable rise/fall time control circuit, for example, that delivers a continuous and near linear rising/falling slope of a control signal, with programmability that can be implemented in future CMOS image sensor devices. This device includes a programmability block for reset or transfer gate signals. The programmability block includes two inputs: an input bias current and a signal from the control bits. The programmability block further includes two similar internal circuit blocks, one for generating a fall time control signal, and one for generating a rise time control signal. Additionally the programmability block includes two outputs; a fall time control signal, and a rise time control signal. The device further includes a reset or transfer gate buffer configured as an inverter. The reset or transfer gate buffer includes three input signals: The fall time control signal and rise time control signal from the programmability block, and an INT Reset signal.

Abstract: In a circuit device having a circuit element housed in a case, a rise of air pressure and occurrence of condensation in the case are prevented. A circuit device of the present invention includes a case formed of a bottom part and a side part, and a cover part covering an upper surface of the side part. In an internal space of the case, a circuit element such as a semiconductor element is housed. In a bottom part of the case, a land and leads are buried. A communicating part which causes the internal space of the case to communicate with an outside of the case is provided in the land. By providing the communicating part, the rise of air pressure and occurrence of condensation in the internal space due to change in temperature are suppressed. Furthermore, in the land made of metal, the communicating part can be easily formed by etching or the like.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a telescope comprises a telescope body, telescope optics, a two-dimensional sensor array, and power supply circuitry. The power supply circuitry comprises a switching power supply configured to provide power to the two-dimensional sensor array and sensing circuitry. During at least a portion of data acquisition, the switching power supply is shut off and the two-dimensional sensor array is powered by a non-switching power source, thereby reducing noise.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light source, a light valve and a projection lens configured to enlarge an image to be displayed on the light valve. The light valve is disposed in the vicinity of an object plane of the projection lens. The light source illuminates a peripheral portion more brightly than an optical axis portion, in a plane parallel to the object plane located in the vicinity of the object plane of the projection lens. The optical axis portion is a portion where an optical axis passes through and the peripheral portion is a portion located in the periphery of an optical axis portion.

Abstract: An interference contrast imaging system images phase objects. The system includes an illumination source, illumination optics, polarizing optics for splitting the illumination into orthogonal polarizations and for recombining the polarizations, objective optics that form an image at a detector, a wavefront coding element and a post processor for processing the image by removing a phase shift imparted by the wavefront coding element. The wavefront coding element has an aperture, is between the phase object and the detector, and provides an altered optical transfer function of the imaging system by imparting the phase shift to the illumination transmitted through the wavefront coding element. The altered optical transfer function is insensitive to an object distance between the phase object and the objective optics over a greater range of object distances than would be provided by an optical transfer function of a corresponding interference contrast imaging system without the wavefront coding element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for providing feedback to a subject in connection with a performance of a task, such as a movement task. The movement task may involve an operation or movement of an object by the subject, such as a body part or a sporting implement. During the movement task, the object has an expected motion path that is associated with one or more target areas. Behavior control feedback may be provided to the subject based on one or more of a position of the object, a motion of the object and an orientation of the object relative to one or more target areas as the subject performs the movement task. One example of an apparatus for providing behavior control feedback includes one or more radiation sources, one or more radiation detectors, and one or more indicators, any of which may be coupled to or otherwise integrated with the object.

Abstract: An encoder device includes first through fourth photodiodes each having a rhombus shape and a length of X1 in an X direction, the photodiodes being disposed adjacent to each other in the X direction such that a line passing through a pair of opposing vertices of the rhombus shape of each of the photodiodes is parallel to an X axis; a slit member that includes light transmitting sections and light shielding sections alternately arranged, and is movable in the X direction, each of the light transmitting and shielding sections having a length of 2×X1 in the X direction; and a logic circuit that generates first and second detection signals from output signals of the photodiodes that have received lights passing through the light transmitting sections, a phase of the second detection signal being shifted by a ¼ period of the first detection signal relative to the first detection signal.

Abstract: An encoder device includes a first array that includes first through fourth photodiodes adjacent to each other in an X direction, each having a length of X1; a second array that includes fifth through eighth photodiodes adjacent to each other in the X direction, each having a length of X1, and is adjacent to the first array in a Y direction but displaced by X1/2 in the X direction relative to the first array; a slit member that includes light transmitting sections and light shielding section arranged alternately, each having a length 2×X1, and is movable in the X direction; and a logic circuit that generates first and second detection signals from output signals of the first through fourth photodiodes and output signals of the fifth through eighth photodiodes, respectively, a phase of the second detection signal being shifted by a ¼ period of the first detection signal relative to the first detection signal.

Abstract: In order to determine displacement, axial and radial in a rotating component, an optical displacement probe is used incident upon a target formed from surface features in a rotating component surface. The surface features create a target which is axially variable in terms of reflectivity, but substantially consistent for the same circumferential band incident position. In such circumstances, differences in responses can be determined by a controller deducting time period ?T differences between peaks 20, 21, 30, 31 in one axial position from the time period in a different axial position in order to provide an axial signal proportional to axial displacement. In terms of determining radial displacement, an angularly presented probe part in the form of an optical fibre 3 is used so that variation of the time period is proportional to radial as well as axial displacement.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical scanning device for scanning an information carrier comprising a plurality of information layers which optical properties depend on a potential difference applied between two electrodes. The optical scanning device comprises a fixed part comprising means (302) for generating a signal comprising information about a selected information layer, and a rotating part comprising means (301) for receiving the information carrier. The receiving means comprise a plurality of contacts (311-318) for connecting the electrodes, means (303) for detecting the signal, means (304) for decoding the signal and means (304) for applying a potential difference between the contacts connected to the electrodes corresponding to the selected information layer.

Abstract: A laser projection system having personnel protection utilizes a proximity detector system to detect any approach by an operator or other personnel within a predetermined protection zone. If an approach by personnel is detected within a predetermined zone, the laser output is either interrupted or reduced to a safe level, e.g., such as less than 5 mW, or to a level defined as safe for the detected approach distance. Alternatively, the proximity detector system can also utilize an array of highly directional proximity detectors, infrared detectors, and/or incorporation of a detection mechanism onto the laser projection system frame itself. An electronic circuit directly modifies the output power of the laser projector to an approved level based on feedback of the speed of the scanned beam and the detected closest approach distance.

Abstract: It is to provide an optical element, an optical pickup device, and an optical information recording and/or reproducing apparatus, which can decrease the offset effectively and detect fine tracking error signals even when there is a difference between the light quantities of the two sub-beams. The first to fifth periodic structures enable generation of three beams that can provide an ideal-shaped waveform of the sum signal of two sub push-pull signals which are detected respectively from two sub-beams, whether or not there is a difference between the light quantities of the two sub-beams.

Abstract: A housing 200 for securing a photo sensor 405 where the housing includes a lower body 211 configured to selectively engage a base 203 at one of a multiplicity of angular rotations relative to the base and an upper body 209 configured to hold the photo sensor. In various embodiments, a locking member 205 is disposed, e.g., within a slot 417 in the lower body, and configured to secure the housing to the base in the one of the multiplicity of angular rotations. A corresponding method of providing and aligning a sensor housing is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing ions. The apparatus may be used separately as an ion source or in combination with a mass spectrometry system. The ion source of the present invention provides an ionization device for producing ions, a substrate for capturing, storing and releasing ions produced by the ionization device, a conductive material in contact with the substrate for receiving an electrical pulse, and a voltage source electrically connected to the conductive material for applying an electrical pulse to the conductive material and substrate to release the ions captured by the substrate. Also disclosed is a method for storing and releasing ions using the disclosed apparatus.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a light-projecting apparatus including a light-projector emitting an infrared light beam, a light-projector drive portion pulse-driving the light-projector; and a receiver; and a light-receiving apparatus including a light-receiver receiving the infrared light beam emitted by the light-projector, a light interruption judgment portion judging that the infrared light beam is interrupted when at least a predetermined number of pulses are successively not output by the light-receiver, a light-receiving state detection portion detecting a light-receiving state of the infrared light beam, and a transmitter transmitting the light-receiving state information to the receiver are provided. The period of the pulse driving signal in the light-projector drive portion is changed based on the information received by the receiver.

Abstract: The invention is a device for detecting images formed by thermal infrared radiation. It uses a two dimensional array of thermally sensitive elements formed of material whose capacitance changes with temperature. Changes in capacitance of the detector elements are measured and used to form an electronic representation of the thermal infared image. The detector array can be fabricated using inexpensive materials and processes.

Abstract: A method and system for characterizing and quantifying various error and calibration components of signals associated with photo-detectors. By varying the detector operational parameters such as input light intensity and integration times, measured signals can be analyzed to separate out and quantify various components of the measured signals. The various components thus determined may be categorized according to their dependencies on the operational parameters. Such component characterization allows better understanding of the detector system and ways in which such system can be improved so as to yield an improved measurement result for which the detector is being utilized.

Abstract: A scintillator composition includes a matrix material, where the matrix material includes an alkaline earth metal and a lanthanide halide. The scintillator composition further includes an activator ion, where the activator ion is a trivalent ion. In one embodiment, the scintillator composition includes a matrix material represented by A2LnX7, where A includes an alkaline earth metal, Ln includes a lanthanide ion, and X includes a halide ion. In another embodiment, the scintillator composition includes a matrix material represented by ALnX5, where A includes an alkaline earth metal, Ln includes a lanthanide ion, and X includes a halide ion. In these embodiments, the scintillator composition includes an activator ion, where the activator ion includes cerium, or bismuth, or praseodymium, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a first image element in a first row, a second image element in the first row, a third image element in a second row, the third image element and the first image element being in a first column, a gate driver, a first electrical line extending from the gate driver, wherein the first and the second image elements are connected to the first electrical line, a second electrical line, wherein the first image element is connected to the second electrical line, and a third electrical line, wherein the third image element is connected to the third electrical line.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus to reverse a sheet, includes a branched conveyance path branched from a connection point between an entry and conveyance path and a reversal and conveyance path provided downstream of the entry and conveyance path. When a sheet conveyor feeds the sheet from the entry and conveyance path into the reversal and conveyance path, a controller controls a gate member to be opened on the basis of a detection result of a sensor to detect the sheet until a leading edge of the sheet passes the gate member, switches the gate member to be closed before a trailing edge of the sheet reaches the gate member, subsequently switches a sheet reversing and conveying member to rotate reversely after the trailing edge of the sheet passes the gate member, thereby feeding the sheet into the branched conveyance path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image sensor. It also relates to a method of fabricating such a sensor. The image sensor includes a scintillator (1) comprising a substrate (3) covered with a layer of luminescent material (4), the layer of luminescent material comprising a first side (15) in contact with the substrate and a second side (16), the surface of which has asperities (5), separated by interstices (7), a detection radiation emerging from the second side of the layer of luminescent material when the luminescent material is illuminated by a probe radiation through the substrate, characterized in that the second side of the layer of luminescent material is covered with a film of a coating material (9) partially absorbing the detection radiation, and moulding itself to the asperities of the surface of the second side of the layer of luminescent material.

Abstract: This device for detecting ionizing radiation has a stacked structure comprising a first set of electrodes, a sensing element capable of interacting with the incident radiation to be detected by releasing mobile charges (electron-hole pairs) and a second set of electrodes, said first and second sets being intended to collect the mobile charges thus released. This stack also comprises a third set of electrodes intended to measure the charges induced by movement of the mobile charges, the electrodes in said third set being separated from those that constitute said second set by an electrically insulating layer defined so as to enable capacitive connection between the electrodes of said second set and the electrodes of said third set.

Abstract: In the present invention there is a provided an array of radiation detectors comprising at least one detector capable of detecting both low and high energy gamma radiation and adapted to provide spectrometric identification of the gamma source; at least one detector capable of detecting and providing spectrometric identification of fast neutrons and low resolution gamma spectra; at least one detector adapted to detect thermal neutrons; and, at least one plastic scintillator to give enhanced gamma ray sensitivity.

Abstract: The invention describes a device for finding seats and advertising trademarks and items in seats indoors, particularly closed premises such as theaters, movie theaters, auditoriums, restaurants, discotheques or the like. The device comprises an element with a photoluminescent means placed over a portion of the element surface, in order to place over a headrest or any other part of a seat surface which is in closed premises. In different embodiments of the invention, the element comprises a cover, a cushion, a patch, a label or a patterned or printed fabric or the like.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to generate surface plasmon enhanced radiation comprises a metal film having first and second surfaces, and one or more resonance configurations formed in the metal film. An exemplary resonance configuration includes an aperture extending between the first and second surfaces of the metal film, and at least one feature that forms a non-periodic structure together with the aperture. The feature causes a variation in a dielectric function along the first surface of the metal film proximate to the aperture, and the aperture and the feature are configured so as to cooperatively facilitate a resonance condition for surface plasmon enhanced radiation generated by the apparatus, based on incident radiation that irradiates the first surface of the metal film.

Abstract: A foil trap is located in a path of a radiation beam. The foil trap includes an array of conductive strips. A voltage application circuit is coupled to the strips to apply voltage differences between pairs of adjacent ones of the strips. The voltage application circuit includes a current limiting circuit arranged to limit currents to the strips to values below a threshold value above which self-sustained arc discharge may arise in the foil trap.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a lithography apparatus may comprise a mask designed using optical proximity correction (OPC), a pulsed laser source, and an active bandwidth control system configured to increase the bandwidth of a subsequent pulse in response to a measured pulse bandwidth that is below a predetermined bandwidth range and increase a bandwidth of a subsequent pulse in response to a measured pulse bandwidth that is above the predetermined bandwidth range. In another aspect an active bandwidth control system may include an optic for altering a wavefront of a laser beam in a laser cavity of the laser source to selectively adjust an output laser bandwidth in response to the control signal. In yet another aspect, the bandwidth of a laser having a wavelength variation across an aperture may be actively controlled by an aperture blocking element that is moveable to adjust a size of the aperture.

Abstract: A synchrocyclotron comprises a resonant circuit that includes electrodes having a gap therebetween across the magnetic field. An oscillating voltage input, having a variable amplitude and frequency determined by a programmable digital waveform generator generates an oscillating electric field across the gap. The synchrocyclotron can include a variable capacitor in circuit with the electrodes to vary the resonant frequency. The synchrocyclotron can further include an injection electrode and an extraction electrode having voltages controlled by the programmable digital waveform generator. The synchrocyclotron can further include a beam monitor. The synchrocyclotron can detect resonant conditions in the resonant circuit by measuring the voltage and or current in the resonant circuit, driven by the input voltage, and adjust the capacitance of the variable capacitor or the frequency of the input voltage to maintain the resonant conditions.

Abstract: An ion beam implanter includes an ion beam source for generating an ion beam moving along a beam line and an implantation chamber wherein a workpiece is positioned to intersect the ion beam for ion implantation of an implantation surface of the workpiece by the ion beam. The implanter further includes a workpiece support structure coupled to the implantation chamber and supporting the workpiece within an interior region of the implantation chamber, the workpiece support structure. The workpiece support structure includes a rotation member coupled to the implantation chamber for changing an implantation angle of the workpiece with respect to a portion of the ion beam within the implantation chamber. The workpiece support structure also includes a translation member movably coupled to the rotation member and supporting the workpiece for movement along a path of travel wherein at least some components of the translation member components are disposed within a reduced pressure translation member chamber.

Abstract: An EUV light generation system and method is disclosed that may comprise a droplet generator producing plasma source material target droplets traveling toward the vicinity of a plasma source material target irradiation site; a drive laser; a drive laser focusing optical element having a first range of operating center wavelengths; a droplet detection radiation source having a second range of operating center wavelengths; a drive laser steering element comprising a material that is highly reflective within at least some part of the first range of wavelengths and highly transmissive within at least some part of the second range of center wavelengths; a droplet detection radiation aiming mechanism directing the droplet detection radiation through the drive laser steering element and the lens to focus at a selected droplet detection position intermediate the droplet generator and the irradiation site.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed which may comprise a laser produced plasma EUV system which may comprise a drive laser producing a drive laser beam; a drive laser beam first path having a first axis; a drive laser redirecting mechanism transferring the drive laser beam from the first path to a second path, the second path having a second axis; an EUV collector optical element having a centrally located aperture; and a focusing mirror in the second path and positioned within the aperture and focusing the drive laser beam onto a plasma initiation site located along the second axis. The apparatus and method may comprise the drive laser beam is produced by a drive laser having a wavelength such that focusing on an EUV target droplet of less than about 100 ?m at an effective plasma producing energy if not practical in the constraints of the geometries involved utilizing a focusing lens. The drive laser may comprise a CO2 laser. The drive laser redirecting mechanism may comprise a mirror.

Abstract: Conventionally, a particle/defect inspection apparatus outputs a total number of detected particles/defects as the result of detection. For taking countermeasures to failures in manufacturing processes, the particles/defects detected by the inspection apparatus are analyzed. Since the inspection apparatus outputs a large number of detected particles/defects, an immense time is required for analyzing the detected particles/defects, resulting in a delay in taking countermeasures to a failure in the manufacturing processes. In the present invention, an apparatus for optically inspecting particles or defects relates a particle or defect size to a cause of failure in an inspection result. A data processing circuit points out a cause of failure from the statistics on the inspection result, and displays information on the inspection result.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved transport assembly for an apparatus for interrogating or scanning an imaged storage substrate wherein a laser beam is directed towards the imaged storage substrate and wherein said transport assembly includes a drive roller member and an idler roller member and the drive roller member is form with races of teeth members which cooperate with grooves formed in an inner surface a transport belt member coursed about the drive and idler roller members.

Abstract: Cartridge-style fluid control devices are provided that are static pressure independent and capable of repeatable, reliable, particulate insensitive performance in service conditions typical of downhole intervention environments.

Abstract: The compact solenoid of the present invention conduces to further miniaturization of a compact solenoid. The compact solenoid includes a coil and a frame located outside the coil for constituting a magnetic circuit. The frame includes four bars extending in parallel to the axial direction of the coil and located proximate to the outer circumferential face of the coil. Each of the bars has a generally triangular cross section. The four bars are disposed to have a mutual positional relationship corresponding to vertexes of a square.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation valve is provided. The exhaust gas recirculation valve has a base, a spring biasing the valve closed, and an actuator including a rotary motor and a linearly displaceable shaft that is coupled to the motor's rotor. The valve includes a valve member and valve seat disposed within a fluid conduit, and the spring is disposed between the actuator and the valve.

Abstract: Precision metering valves include a body having a fluid inlet port, a fluid outlet port, a fluid chamber interposed therebetween, and an orifice disposed within the fluid chamber. The orifice has an opening that extends a length along the fluid chamber. A movable element is disposed within the fluid chamber, and includes a stem that is at least partially disposed within the orifice to control the flow of fluid through the valve. The stem and/or the orifice includes an outside surface feature configured to adjust the flow rate of fluid through the valve as a function of stem insertion depth within the orifice. A thin-walled section extends from the stem and extends axially therefrom. The thin-walled section has a sufficient length to facilitate axial stem movement of the stem by rolling transfer. A flange projects from the thin-walled section and extends circumferentially therearound.

Abstract: Valve and valve lift system suitable for use in a regenerative thermal oxidizer, and oxidizer including the switching valve. The valve of the present invention exhibits excellent sealing characteristics and minimizes wear. In a preferred embodiment, the valve is sealed with pressurized air during its stationary modes, and unsealed during movement to reduce valve wear.

Abstract: For an electrically actuatable valve, in particular a pressure control valve for a transmission of a motor vehicle, with a hydraulic part and a magnet part that includes at least one solenoid coil and a movably supported solenoid armature which acts on an operating element of the valve, the solenoid armature being supported in the magnet part by at least one spring element, it is provided that the at least one spring element be made of a titanium alloy containing more than 1.5 percent by weight of titanium, and preferably more than 2 percent by weight of titanium.

Abstract: A pair of terminal insertion holes are formed to the end wall portion of an magnetic cover in an electromagnetic manipulator, a pair of coil terminals electrically conductive to an exiting coil are extended from a first flange portion of a bobbin in parallel with the axial line of the bobbin as well as extended to the outside of the end wall portion passing through the terminal insertion holes in an electrically insulated state due to the interposition of rubber bushes, a print board electrically connected to the coil terminals and an electrically insulating protection cover for covering the print board are disposed above the outside surface of the end wall portion, and power receiving terminals to which a power supply external connector is connected are disposed to the print board.

Abstract: A magnet unit is provided with a solenoid with a coil whose core is attached in a recess on the front side of a base, with a movable anchor activated by a recoil spring with a valve closing element and with a protective cap attached on a shoulder of the base within which the anchor and the solenoid are located, with a first end of the coil of the solenoid being led to a connecting contact located on the other front side of the base, the shoulder having, on its side facing away from the base, a circumferential annular flange located inside the protective cap, enclosing and protruding over the front surface of the shoulder and a second end of the coil being attached on the front surface.

Abstract: An electromagnetic valve is provided with an elongated tappet guided axially displaceably in a tappet guide, and with a sealing body, embodied on the tappet, that can seal against a sealing seat. So that the valve can be produced more economically yet can be regulated more precisely, the sealing seat and the tappet guide are embodied in one piece. The adjustability of the valve is assured in particular by an adjusting ring.

Abstract: The invention is directed to apparatus and methods for reducing recoil during uncoupling of pressurized couplers. The apparatus includes a male: a female component; and a check valve fluidly disposed between a proximal end and a distal end within one of the male component or female component. When the component including the check valve is pressurized, the check valve assumes a normally closed state. Upon coupling of the male component with the female component, the check valve is caused to open through the interaction of a probe linked to the check valve which contacts a portion of the opposing coupler, thereby opening the check valve and permitting pressurized fluid flow between the two components. At least one radially directed port fluidly couples the interface between the male and female couplers with the environment, which may be formed in one or both couplers.

Abstract: A faucet improvement including a seat defining a bore, and a valve stem movable toward and away from the seat, comprising a shoulder screw threadably attachable to the stem, and having a head located in the bore, a shank, and a non-metallic O-ring extending about the screw shank to be retained in the bore between the screw head and the valve stem, the O-ring sized to seal off between the shank and the bore.

Abstract: Organic peroxide compositions are stabilized against decomposition by the use of antioxidants, resulting in increased shelf life of products made using the compositions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a plate-shaped pressed body (wafer) produced from an inorganic sorbent and a binder, having a thickness of less than 700 ?m, which is produced by the process of compressing a mixture of the inorganic sorbent, the binder, and optionally water and compression aids at a pressure of at least 70 MPa, wherein the weight ratio of dry sorbent to dry binder is between about 4 and 0.7 and the water content of the mixture, measured at 160° C., is between 8 and 20%; and calcining the resulting pressed body at temperatures of at least about 500° C., until the water content is substantially removed.

Abstract: Spacer heights are measured at a plurality of measuring points on the display area in a substrate, and the distribution of spacer heights in the display area is estimated in accordance with the measured spacer heights. The average value of spacer heights are calculated by virtually dividing the display area into a plurality of sectors, and a dispensing amount in each sector is accurately controlled in accordance with the difference between the average value and a reference value.

Abstract: The present invention realizes a liquid crystal display device which can be driven with a low voltage while preventing the degradation of liquid crystal by reducing a residual charge of a pixel electrode even when a drive circuit is abnormally stopped. As a field effect transistor which is formed on a pixel, a field effect transistor in a depletion mode which is turned on in a state that an OFF signal is not applied to a gate terminal of the transistor is used. A substrate voltage supply line which supplies a substrate voltage to pixel regions is provided, and the substrate voltage is supplied via a through hole formed in the pixel portion thus controlling an optimum threshold value in response to an input signal. Wiring is made in a peripheral portion of a display region such that video signal lines and the substrate voltage supply line intersect each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of positive or negative dielectric anisotropy which is characterised in that it comprises one or more compounds of the general formula I in which R1 and R2 are each, independently of one another, identically or differently, H, an alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where, in addition, one or more CH2 groups in these radicals may each, independently of one another, be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, to the use thereof for electro-optical purposes, and to electro-optical display devices which contain this medium.

Abstract: This invention relates in one aspect to a composition for inhibiting corrosion, such as flash rust, on metal surfaces. The composition described can include an organic acid component or a salt thereof, an azole component, an imidazoline component, a basic amine component, a phosphonate component, and a carrier including water and an alcohol such as glycol. The composition can also include surfactants, defoamers, buffers and other components as well. In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for treating metal surfaces to inhibit corrosion, comprising the steps of mixing, diluting and contacting or otherwise applying the above composition to the metal surface by spraying, dipping, coating or other effective means.