Abstract: A clock assembly (10) having a removable central clock mechanism (12) with time indicating hands (18, 20, 21) is adapted to be mounted on a flat vertical surface (26) with and separate removable hour disks (14) having numerals (34) connected to hanger elements (36) adapted to be mounted on the vertical surface around the central clock mechanism in correct positions to tell time. Doll clothes (40) are selectively hung on or removed from the hanger elements behind the numerals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a manual lamp, especially for optical crack testing according to the magnetic powder testing and dye penetration method. Said manual lamp comprises at least one LED having an emission wavelength located in the UVA range as an illuminating means.

Abstract: There is provided an optical head which have no such problems regarding increase in cost and size thereof and can reduce errors by suppressing crosstalk components attributable to reflection on lands of a magneto-optical recording medium and thereby prevent degradation of reproduction characteristics. An optical element includes a light separating section for separating outgoing light and return light, and a phase compensation section for imparting phase compensation to light incident thereon. The optical element is provided on a light path of return light between an objective lens and a photodetector, so as to be closer to the photodetector than the light separating section is. This makes it possible to impart the phase compensation to the return light and prevent the degradation of reproduction characteristics. Light separating elements such as beam splitter are no more necessary in the configuration, with the result that decreases in size and cost can be realized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reading method and apparatus for reading a magneto-optical recording medium comprising at least one storage layer and a read-out layer, wherein an expanded domain leading to a read-out pulse is generated in the read-out layer by copying of a mark region from the at least one storage layer to the read-out layer through heating by a radiation power and with the help of an external magnetic field. A parameter indicating the presence or strength of a local deviation in the read-out characteristic of the recording medium is determined during a reading operation, and the radiation power is then controlled on the basis of on the determined parameter. The proposed procedure can be used during a read-out operation based on a reflected power, read-out error, or phase error. Hence, a fast and efficient power control mechanism that can be independent of a copy window control mechanism is provided.

Abstract: A recording device includes a first recording control unit controlling recording of priority information indicating a priority for a portion of a period of a predetermined length in content; a judging unit judging whether the priority for the portion is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold; and a second recording control unit controlling, when it is judged that the priority for the portion is equal to or less than the predetermined threshold, recording of data of the content in a recording medium to erase data of the portion from the recording medium.

Abstract: A remote control method and medium, a control device and a controlled device of a remote control system. The control device of the remote control system includes an identification information storage unit for storing identification information of the control device and attribute information on a single control function of one or more controlled devices controlled by the control device, a signal generation unit for generating a signal including the identification information and the attribute information, a switch unit for receiving a user's input and activating the signal generation unit, a modulation unit for modulating the generated signal into an omni-directional signal, a transmission unit for broadcasting the modulated signal to the one or more controlled devices, and an attachment unit, positioned on a back face of the control device, for attaching the control device thereto.

Abstract: A write-once-type recording medium (10) is provided with: a data area (11) to record therein record data; and a plurality of management areas in which a plurality of types of management information for managing the record data and index information for indicating newest management information can be recorded a plurality of times, each of the plurality of management areas having a setup area for recording therein a management information block including a plurality of types of management information constructed from the newest management information and the index information indicating the plurality of types of management information constructed from the newest management information.

Abstract: A write-once-type recording medium (10) is provided with: a data area (11) to record therein record data; and a plurality of management areas in which a plurality of types of management information for managing the record data and index information for indicating newest management information can be recorded a plurality of times, each of the plurality of management areas having a setup area for recording therein a management information block including a plurality of types of management information constructed from the newest management information and the index information indicating the plurality of types of management information constructed from the newest management information.

Abstract: A lens actuator is calibrated by inputting a signal to the actuator to cause the actuator to move a lens from a first location to a second location, sensing a focus error signal generated in response to the movement of the lens, determining a distance moved by the lens in going from the first location to the second location from a predetermined characteristic of the focus error signal, and determining a gain of the actuator from the input signal and the distance moved.

Abstract: For detecting a wobble signal in a disc drive, at least one delay cell adjusts a phase relationship between first and second signals from a pickup of the disc drive, for minimizing a phase difference between the first and second signals. A subtractor generates the wobble signal from a difference between the first and second signals having the adjusted phase relationship such that high frequency noise is minimized in the wobble signal.

Abstract: An optical head comprises a laser holder retaining a laser diode, and a holder support retaining the laser holder, and irradiates an information storage medium with laser light from the laser diode to perform recording/reproduction of information. In this optical head, the laser holder is a frame structure that fixes the laser diode, having an abutment portion protruding from a base side of the frame structure. Also, the holder support has a receiving surface that supports by abutment the abutment portion, and a through-hole that lets pass the laser light. The receiving surface is a plane approximately perpendicular to an optical axis of the optical head, the abutment portion being made as an arc surface having a central axis that passes through an emission point of the laser diode and is perpendicular to the optical axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an objective lens holding unit which allows for accurate information reading and writing. In order to make it possible for a read/write device including an objective lens with a small working distance, particularly such as a BD-compliant read/write device, to perform accurate information reading and writing, the objective lens holding unit of the present invention includes two ribs provided on a surface of a lens holder facing an optical disk, the lens holder holding an objective lens, so as to sandwich the objective lens therebetween. On the surfaces of the ribs facing the optical disk, protectors are provided so as to project toward the optical disk more than the objective lens does.

Abstract: A highly reliable optical pickup which is not likely to collide with an optical disk is provided. Relative positions of two objective lenses 100 and 101 (along a focus direction) on a lens holder 102 are determined so that, while the objective lens 101 having a longer working distance is focused on an optical disk 200, the objective lens 100 having a shorter working distance and a protective member 103 are at positions which are more distant from the optical disk 200 than a height h of a protrusion which is present in an inner peripheral region of the optical disk optical disk 200.

Abstract: A seeking method of an optical disc drive includes steps of (a) calculating a deviation signal value between a location of a fine actuator and a coarse actuator, (b) judging whether or not the deviation signal value is within a deviation signal threshold interval, (c) outputting a characteristic value to push the coarse actuator if the deviation signal value is not within the deviation signal threshold interval, and (d) jumping to a target track.

Abstract: A data recording/reproducing method in recording media is disclosed in which track pitches and sector lengths are differently formed, wherein the method comprises: discriminating whether a target position and a current position of an optical pick-up are present in a zone where track pitches are different thereamong in response to data recording/reproducing command; and moving the optical pick-up to the target position via a boundary position where the track pitches are changed if it is discriminated that the current position and the target position of the optical pick-up are present in the zone where the track pitches are different thereamong, such that the optical pick-up can be accurately and swiftly moved to the target position during a data recording/reproducing operation in a high density optical disc where track pitches and sector lengths are not uniform.

Abstract: A method for protecting an optical pickup actuator includes generating an abnormal control signal using signals used to control focusing and tracking, and generating a protection command signal using the abnormal control signal, the protection command signal instructing protection of the optical pickup actuator by determining whether control of focusing and tracking of the optical pickup actuator is normal.

Abstract: In an optical pickup apparatus, a collimator lens is rockably supported by edges of two protruding portions formed on opposing sides of a groove of an optical base. The collimator lens is urged against the edges of the two protruding portions by a leaf spring. The position in vertical direction of one end of the leaf spring is adjusted by a position adjustor. In this manner, a tilt angle of the collimator lens is adjusted. Therefore, astigmatism of the light spot can precisely be compensated for irrespective of variations among apparatuses to achieve an excellent light spot.

Abstract: There is provided an objective lens used for three types of optical discs including by selectively using one of three types of light beams. At least one of surfaces of the objective lens is provided with a first region converging the third light beam on a recoding surface of the third optical disc. The first region has a step structure configured to have concentric refractive surface zones and to give an optical path length difference to an incident beam at each step formed between adjacent refractive surface zones. The step structure is configured such that the optical path length difference given by each step is substantially equal to an odd multiple of a wavelength of a first light beam, and a value of differentiation of an optical path difference function defining the step structure crosses zero in a height ranging from 30% to 70% of an effective diameter of the first region.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a plurality of light receiving elements photoelectrically convert light signals having information signals, respectively. A plurality of first amplification circuits amplify currents of electric signals from the respective light receiving elements. A selecting section selectively outputs one of signals amplified by the plurality of first amplification circuits. A second amplification circuit amplifies a voltage of the signal output from the selecting section, and supplies the signal to the outside.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for reading a magneto-optical recording medium comprising a first storage layer and a second storage layer and a read-out layer, wherein an expanded domain leading to a read-out pulse is generated in the read-out layer by copying a mark region from the first or second storage layer to the read-out layer through heating by a radiation power and with the help of an external magnetic field. The radiation power is set to a first value for reading from the first storage layer and to a second value for reading from the second storage layer. A parameter indicating crosstalk between the first and second storage layers is determined during a reading operation, and the radiation power is then controlled on the basis of the determined parameter. Hence, crosstalk between the first and second storage layers can be reduced by keeping the read-out temperature close to the compensation temperature of the other storage layer which is not read.

Abstract: An information recording/reproducing method comprises several steps. Information to be recorded, a reading key that allows a person knowing the key to specify a base used for recording each bit and inhibits a person unknowing it from specifying the base, and an algorithm for determining the base from the key are prepared. A state to be created for each bit from quantum states is selected so as to satisfy the conditions. A measured value corresponding to the information to be recorded is acquired when a reading procedure corresponding to each base is performed. The measured value is not acquired when unitary transformation corresponding to a different base is performed. The quantum state in the recording medium is created. The state is kept, and each base is determined according to the key and performing the reading procedure corresponding to the base. Safety of the recorded information can be sufficiently secured.

Abstract: A recording/reproducing unit for recording/reproducing information data on/from a recording medium, an initialization unit for initializing the recording medium in one of a first initialization mode in which information data recorded in all recording areas of the recording media is erased and a second initialization mode in which management data for information data recorded on the recording medium is erased from certain areas of the recording medium and erasion is not performed on other recording areas, and a control unit for controlling the initialization unit in accordance with an instruction to shut off a power of the apparatus during initialization, wherein processing by the initialization unit is changed between a case where the power-off instruction is received during initialization in the first initialization mode and a case where the power-off instruction is received during initialization in the second initialization mode.

Abstract: A method of determining a recording power, includes carrying out DC erase with respect to a power calibration area of a phase-change optical disc, recording data to with respect to the power calibration area carrying out the DC erase while changing recording power, reading the recorded data to obtain a read signal, and determining an optimum recording power based on the read signal.

Abstract: A method of determining an optimum recording power with respect to a rewritable optical recording medium with multiple layers. The method includes the operations of writing a recording signal to an unrecorded area of a power calibration area (PCA) of the rewritable optical recording medium using a predetermined recording power, and measuring characteristics of the recording signal, determining whether the measured recording signal characteristics have a saturation area, computing a recording power at a saturation point of the recording signal characteristics when the recording signal characteristics have the saturation area, and determining an optimum recording power by multiplying the recording power at the saturation point by a predetermined value. An optimum recording power is determined by using the saturation point of the recording signal characteristic curve such that optimum recording power can be accurately obtained when the optimum recording power is in the saturation area.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a spindle motor (130) for rotating an optical disk (200); an optical pick-up (100) for applying laser light to the optical disk which moves in a radial direction of the optical disk; a stepping motor (140) for transporting the optical pick-up in the radial direction by a predetermined distance every time the optical disk is rotated plural times; a tracking actuator for actuating a position of laser light irradiated from the optical pick-up; a servo circuit (138) for controlling the tracking actuator in such a manner that irradiation loci of the laser light is made different from each other every time the optical disk is rotated plural times; and a data converter (160) for defining intensity of the laser light in accordance with gradation of dots to be arrayed and a total rotation time of the optical disk.

Abstract: The present invention is applied to an imaging device for recording, for example, a result of imaging on an optical disc by a QuickTime file format and forms an real data block by allocating management information for managing a specific region recorded by interleave processing, and the specific region is managed by the management information and a management information block.

Abstract: An optical disc device has a header field detector configured to detect a header field of an optical disc, a header address information detector which detects a plurality of address information recorded to the header field, a range setting unit configured to set a range predicted that the plurality of address information is present within the header field, a position determination unit configured to determine whether the plurality of address information detected by the header address information detector is present within the range set by the range setting unit, and a starting position prediction unit configured to predict a starting position to be assessed in a recording field arranged subsequent to the header field in the optical disc and a sector address corresponding to the header field based on a determination result of the position determination unit.

Abstract: A label which matches the contents of a disc can be easily printed while maintaining a form in which a recording apparatus and printing apparatus are separated from each other. A printing apparatus connectable to a recording apparatus which manages identification information for identifying data recorded on a recording medium associated with an identifier capable of individually identifying the recording medium includes a reading unit which reads a first identifier from the recording medium, a transmission requesting unit which, when the printing apparatus is connected to the recording apparatus, requests the recording apparatus to transmit first identification information being associated with the first identifier, a receiver which receives the first identification information transmitted from the recording apparatus in response to the transmission request, and a printing unit which prints in the printable area of the recording medium using the first identification information.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus comprises an lens assembly including an object lens arranged for either a first optical disk (BD) or a second optical disk (HD-DVD) different from the first optical disk in terms of substrate thickness and a liquid crystal lens and is adapted to irradiate a light beam with a numerical aperture of 0.85, turning off the liquid crystal lens, when recording signals on/reproducing signals from a BD and a light beam with a numerical aperture of 0.65, turning on the liquid crystal lens, when recording signals on/reproducing signals from an HD-DVD.

Abstract: When a multi layer record carrier comprising video information is to be duplicated on another multi layer record carrier the data spread over two recording layers on the source record carrier must also be spread over the two layers of the target record carrier. Once an appropriate layer transition for the target record carrier has been established the size of the first layer is adjusted by limiting the logical address space to exactly fit the video information obtained from the first layer of the source record carrier. Once the logical address space has been adjusted the layer transition will happen automatically at the correct point in the video information during the recording.

Abstract: An optical recording medium comprising a read-only type disc and a pre-grooved disc bonded back-to-back to the read-only type disc is provided. Content from the read-only type disc side of the optical recording medium can be reproduced through a standards-compliant optical media player. Content can be recorded by a standards-compliant optical media recorder on the pre-grooved disc side of the optical recording medium.

Abstract: An optical recording medium is provided which has a plurality of recording layers, in which a favorable recording mark can be formed and desired reproduction accuracy can be obtained in any of the recording layers. The optical recording medium has a first recording layer and a second recording layer. In the first and second layers, a recording mark, having an increased thickness larger than that of a neighboring space portion, is formed by an irradiation with a laser beam. The refractive index of the second recording layer placed relatively closer to an incident surface of a laser beam is lower than that of the first recording layer placed farther away from the incident surface of the laser beam than the second recording layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described herein for pulse shift modulation of output waveforms for reducing crosstalk on interconnects. Based on input pulses/bits, an output waveform is selectively delayed by a shift value to ensure transitions in a first direction occur in a first half of a period and transitions in a second direction occur in a second half of the period. When the same pulse shift modulation is implemented on surrounding traces, certain worst-case crosstalk scenarios are reduced; thus reducing crosstalk and increasing performance in power consumption and speed of data transfer.

Abstract: A modem unit inputs a plurality of combinations, of control signal and data signal, which are to use a plurality of subcarriers. In a plurality of combinations the modem unit adds a first known signal for data signals contained at least in a first combination, and in a plurality of combinations inputted to an input unit it adds second known signals for a second combination and the subsequent combinations, respectively, in anterior positions. The modem unit uses part of a plurality of subcarriers for control signals contained respectively in the second combination and the subsequent combinations, and defines a second known signal in a manner that a part corresponding to the part of a plurality of subcarriers is extracted from the first known signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of allowing the transmission of data along a return transmission path from one or more broadcast data receivers to a remote location, typically a broadcast location. The digital data is transmitted in a differential QPSK form thereby allowing external memory means to be not required and the data to be stored in the memory of an integrated circuit transmitter, thereby providing cost savings in the manufacture of the broadcast data receiver.

Abstract: A protocol engine (PE) for processing data within a protocol stack in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is disclosed. The protocol stack executes decision and control operations. The data processing and re-formatting which was performed in a conventional protocol stack is removed from the protocol stack and performed by the PE. The protocol stack issues a control word for processing data and the PE processes the data based on the control word. Preferably, the WTRU includes a shared memory and a second memory. The shared memory is used as a data block place holder to transfer the data amongst processing entities. For transmit processing, the PE retrieves source data from the second memory and processes the data while moving the data to the shared memory based on the control word. For receive processing, the PE retrieves received data from the shared memory and processes it while moving the data to the second memory.

Abstract: Provisioning a network element of a ring network includes accessing connection data of the network element. The network element includes components, and the connection data includes entries for connections between components. A connection initiation event initiating a change of the connection data is established to have occurred. A first connection is automatically deleted in response to establishing that the connection initiation event has occurred, where the first connection is deleted by deleting a first entry recording the first connection. A second connection is automatically created by creating a second entry recording the second connection.

Abstract: A router and a method for migrating routing protocol processes or Virtual Routers (VRs) from one Route Processor (RP) to another using graceful restart procedures for maintaining packet flow to the router and assisting the router to obtain restart information. The router includes first and second RPs and a forwarding engine for forwarding packets to neighbor routers in the network. When the routing protocol process is terminated on the first RP, the neighbor routers detect a router failure and initiate the graceful restart procedures. A filter rule in the forwarding engine causes it to forward packets to the new routing protocol process on the second RP. The new process learns the network topology from the neighbor routers, and the migration is completed without packet loss and without requiring complex changes to the network protocol stack.

Abstract: A network failure detection apparatus is realized as a function of a terminal in a network. The network failure detection apparatus transmits reachability confirmation packets to a terminal of search object. From a reachability condition decided on the basis of the receiving condition of response packets responding to the reachability confirmation packets, it is decided whether there is an L2 loop occurred on a path to the terminal of search object.

Abstract: The communication availability information between a plurality of transmitters and a plurality of destinations before the communication state between a transmitter and a destinations in a communication network changes from available to unavailable is compared, layer by layer from an upper layer toward a lower layer, with the communication availability information after change, and destinations in paths where the communication state has changed from available to unavailable are grouped. Thus, the communication network is divided into a plurality of affected ranges and an interface of a device located at the border between the affected ranges is deduced as a fault occurrence point.

Abstract: A loop prevention system and method operable in a stackable Ethernet switch system (SESS). In one embodiment, logic is provided for monitoring control management traffic on a stacking port of a stack switch element of the SESS. Also included is logic, operable responsive to determining that there is a loss of control management traffic on a stacking port of a particular switch element of the SESS, for disabling user traffic data on that stacking port while keeping the control management traffic path open.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatuses, methods, and systems for providing a multiple-input network node with power-saving state are generally described herein.

Abstract: A scheduling method includes classifying, by a PC, terminals into delay-sensitive terminals and delay-insensitive terminals according to their traffic types; setting an initial value and a maximum value of a poll failure counter of each of the delay-sensitive terminals; polling each of the delay-sensitive terminals; determining whether there exists a delay-sensitive terminal of which a current value of the poll failure counter is less than the maximum value; and if there exists no delay-sensitive terminal of which the present value of the poll failure counter is less than the maximum value, sequentially polling the delay-sensitive terminals and the delay-insensitive terminals. Accordingly, QoS of voice packet transmission in an IP network can be guaranteed by granting priority to terminals generating traffic in reality according to traffic patterns of the terminals requiring strict QoS, such as a voice call service, and polling the terminals in a round robin mechanism.

Abstract: A communication apparatus generates a single physical frame including a plurality of MAC frames, and transmits the physical frame. The physical frame has variable-length bitmap information comprising bits corresponding to the plurality of MAC frames, respectively, and length information of the bitmap information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of smoothing load over multiple bearers in a given spot-beam for a TDMA wireless personal communication system, offering packet data communication services to individual user terminals in shared mode. The present invention also relates to a method for the smoothing of load over multiple bearers in a given sport beam for a TDMA wireless personal communication system which allows maintenance of minimum service levels as a guarantee to individual connections as well as optimizing distribution of users to all available radio channels. The method of the invention is also enabled to distinguish between whether a particular bearer is QoS-blocked or demand-blocked. The method of the invention uses either a loose smoothing algorithm or a tight smoothing algorithm for the load control operation based on the above dispensation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide response time detection in a network having shared interfaces. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the disclosure describes a method that includes accessing a first set of bits from data associated with a flow identifier of a packet and accessing flow data based on the first set of bits. The method also includes accessing a second set of bits from the data associated with the flow identifier of the packet and accessing lock data based on the second set of bits.

Abstract: A resolver queries a DNS server for any network addresses associated with the particular domain name. If the resolver detects a response for the DNS server with multiple network addresses for a particular domain name, then the resolver creates and sends a shortest path query to at least one router enabled to receive and respond to shortest path queries. The shortest path query indicates at least one source address and the multiple destination addresses returned by the DNS server for the particular domain name. The router detects a separate length for each path accessible between each source address and each of the multiple destination addresses. The router then orders the destination addresses from shortest path to longest path and returns the ordered destination addresses to the requesting resolver.

Abstract: A Method for providing a trusted feedback (8, 80) in an access network (1) is described, wherein a real time service monitor (7, 70) for real time monitoring the quality of service provided to at least one user (4, 40) by a server (3, 30) via the access network (1) is placed in an access multiplexer (2, 20) being the last part of the access network (1) towards the user (4, 40), wherein the real time service monitor (7, 70) is sending a trusted feedback signal (8, 80) from the access multiplexer (2, 20) at least back to the server (3, 30), which signal (8, 80) comprises real time information about the quality of service passing through the access multiplexer (2, 20), plus an access network (1) comprising at least one data link connecting at least one access multiplexer (2, 20) being the last part of the access network (1) towards at least one user (4, 40) with a core network or at least one server (3, 30) providing a service (6, 60) to the user (4, 40) connected to the access network (1) via the access multipl

Abstract: System and method for providing multiple entry points for connecting one or more user devices in a communication network are disclosed. The method includes providing a server for communicating with the one or more user devices, where the server includes a connected-data-set and the one or more user devices share portions of the connected-data-set, receiving from the user device a request for accessing the connected-data-set from one of the multiple entry points, determining attributes of the user device automatically, selecting a method of communication from a database of predetermined client devices using the attributes of the user device, and provisioning the user device in accordance with the method of communication.